2010 SECTION VIII DIVISION 1

MANDATORY APPENDIX 3
DEFINITIONS
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INTRODUCTION

element of the vessel using nominal thicknesses with corrosion allowances included and using the allowable stress
values given in Subpart 1 of Section II, Part D for the
temperature of the test.

This Appendix contains definitions of terms generally

used in this Division. Definitions relating to specific applications, such as for layered vessels, may be found in related
parts of this Division.

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certificate of compliance: a document by which the material manufacturer or supplier certifies that the material represented has been produced and tested in accordance with
the requirements of the basic material specification shown
on the certificate. Signatures are not required to appear on
certificates of compliance. Objective evidence of compliance with the requirements of the material specification
shall be maintained in the records of the material manufacturer or supplier.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

acceptance by the Inspector: where words such as acceptance by the Inspector and /or accepted by the Inspector
are used in this Division, they shall be understood to mean
that the Inspector has reviewed a subject in accordance
with his duties as required by the rules of this Division
and after such review is able to sign the Certificate of
Inspection for the applicable Manufacturers Data Report
Form. Such words do not imply assumption by the Inspector of any of the responsibilities of the Manufacturer.

clad vessel: a vessel made from a base material having a

corrosion resistant material either integrally bonded or
weld metal overlaid to the base of less resistant material.
design pressure: the pressure used in the design of a vessel
component together with the coincident design metal temperature, for the purpose of determining the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristics of the
different zones of the vessel. When applicable, static head
shall be added to the design pressure to determine the
thickness of any specific zone of the vessel (see UG-21).

ASME Designated Organization: an entity authorized by

ASME to perform administrative functions on its behalf.
ASME Designee: an individual authorized by ASME to
perform administrative functions on its behalf as an ASME
Designee. The ASME Designee performs reviews, surveys,
audits, and examinations of organizations or persons holding or applying for accreditation or certification in accordance with the ASME code or standard.

design temperature: see UG-20.

efficiency of a welded joint: the efficiency of a welded
joint is expressed as a numerical (decimal) quantity and is
used in the design of a joint as a multiplier of the appropriate allowable stress value taken from the applicable table
in Subpart 1 of Section II, Part D (see UW-12).

basic material specification: a description of the identifying characteristics of a material (product form, ranges
of composition, mechanical properties, methods of production, etc.) together with the sampling, testing, and examination procedures to be applied to production lots of such
material to verify acceptable conformance to the intended
characteristics.

full vacuum (FV): a condition where the internal absolute

pressure is 0 psi (0 kPa) and the external absolute pressure
on the vessel is 15 psi (100 kPa) (see UG-116).

bolt: a threaded fastener with a head on one end.

joints: for the purpose of this Division, the following definitions are applicable:
(a) angle joint: a joint between two members located
in intersecting planes with an angle greater than 30 deg
but less than 90 deg.
(b) butt joint: a joint between two members located in
intersecting planes between 0 deg and 30 deg, inclusive.

calculated test pressure: the requirements for determining

the test pressure based on calculations are outlined in
UG-99(c) for the hydrostatic test and in UG-100(b) for the
pneumatic test. The basis for calculated test pressure in
either of these paragraphs is the highest permissible internal
pressure as determined by the design formulas, for each
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2010 SECTION VIII DIVISION 1

(c) corner joint: a joint between two members located

in intersecting planes at approximately 90 deg.

containing the test report from the originator of the data.

In such instances, the material manufacturer shall identify
on the Material Test Report the source of the data and the
location of the file containing the test report from the
originator of the data. Signatures are not required to appear
on Material Test Reports. A material supplier shall not
transcribe data certified by a material manufacturer but
shall furnish a copy of that certification, supplemented as
necessary by additional documents that certify the results
of tests, examinations, repairs, or treatments required by the
basic material specification and performed by the material
supplier.

layered vessel: a vessel having a shell and /or heads made

up of two or more separate layers.
lined vessel: a vessel having a corrosion resistant lining
attached intermittently to the vessel wall.
liquid penetrant examination (PT): a method of nondestructive examination that provides for the detection of
imperfections open to the surface in ferrous and nonferrous
materials that are nonporous. Typical imperfections detectable by this method are cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts,
and laminations.

maximum allowable stress value: the maximum unit stress

permissible for any specified material that may be used in
the design formulas given in this Division (see UG-23).

magnetic particle examination (MT): a method of detecting

cracks and similar imperfections at or near the surface in
iron and the magnetic alloys of steel. It consists of properly
magnetizing the material and applying finely divided magnetic particles that form patterns indicating the imperfections.

maximum allowable working pressure: the maximum gage

pressure permissible at the top of a completed vessel in
its normal operating position at the designated coincident
temperature for that pressure. This pressure is the least
of the values for the internal or external pressure to be
determined by the rules of this Division for any of the
pressure boundary parts, including the static head thereon,
using nominal thicknesses exclusive of allowances for corrosion and considering the effects of any combination of
loadings listed in UG-22 that are likely to occur (see
UG-98) at the designated coincident temperature [see
UG-20(a)]. It is the basis for the pressure setting of the
pressure relieving devices protecting the vessel. The design
pressure may be used in all cases in which calculations
are not made to determine the value of the maximum
allowable working pressure.

material: any substance or product form that is covered

by an SA, SB, or SFA material specification in Section II
or any other material permitted by the Code.
material manufacturer: the organization that performs or
supervises and directly controls one or more of the operations that affect the material properties required by the
basic material specification. The material manufacturer certifies the results of one or more of the tests, examinations,
repairs, or treatments required by the basic material specification. When the specification permits certain specific
requirements to be completed later, those incomplete items
must be noted.

membrane stress: the component of normal stress that is

uniformly distributed and equal to the average value of
stress across the thickness of the section under consideration.

material supplier: the organization that supplies material

furnished and certified by a material manufacturer, but
that does not perform any operation intended to affect the
material properties required by the basic material specification. The material supplier may perform and certify the
results of tests, examinations, repairs, and treatments not
performed by the material manufacturer.

normal operation: operation within the design limits for

which the vessel has been stamped. [See UG-116(a).] Any
coincident pressure and temperature during a specific operation are permissible, provided they do not constitute a
more severe condition than that assumed in the design of
the vessel.

Material Test Report: a document, or documents, on which

are recorded the results of tests, examinations, repairs, or
treatments required by the basic material specification to
be reported. Supplementary or special requirements in
addition to the requirements of the basic material specification may also be included on the Material Test Report.
All such documents shall identify the applicable material
specification and shall be identified to the material represented. When preparing a Material Test Report, a material
manufacturer may transcribe data produced by other organizations provided he accepts responsibility for the accuracy and authenticity of the data and maintains a file

operating or working temperature: the temperature that

will be maintained in the metal of the part of the vessel
being considered for the specified operation of the vessel
(see UG-20 and UG-23).
operating pressure: the pressure at the top of a vessel at
which it normally operates. It shall not exceed the maximum allowable working pressure, and it is usually kept at
a suitable level below the setting of the pressure relieving
devices to prevent their frequent opening (see M-9).
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2010 SECTION VIII DIVISION 1

porosity: gas pockets or voids in metal.

stud: a threaded fastener without a head, with threads on

one end or both ends, or threaded full length.

primary stress: a stress developed by the imposed loading

that is necessary to satisfy the simple laws of equilibrium
of external and internal forces and moments. Primary stress
can be either membrane or bending stress.
Primary membrane stress may be of two types: general
and local. A general primary membrane stress is one that
is so distributed in the structure that no redistribution of
load occurs as a result of yielding. A local primary membrane stress is one that is produced by pressure or other
mechanical loading and that is associated with a primary
and /or discontinuity effect.
Examples of primary stress are
(a) general membrane stress in a circular cylinder or a
spherical shell due to internal pressure or to distributed
loads;
(b) bending stress in the central portion of a flat head
due to pressure.

thickness of vessel wall

(a) design thickness: the sum of the required thickness
and the corrosion allowance (see UG-25).
(b) required thickness: that computed by the formulas
in this Division before corrosion allowance is added (see
UG-22).
(c) nominal thickness: except as defined in UW-40(f)
and modified in UW-11(g), the nominal thickness is the
thickness selected as commercially available, and supplied
to the Manufacturer. For plate material, the nominal thickness shall be, at the Manufacturers option, either the thickness shown on the Material Test Report {or material
Certificate of Compliance [UG-93(a)(1)]} before forming,
or the measured thickness of the plate at the joint or location
under consideration.

radiographic examination (RT): a method of detecting

imperfections in materials by passing X-ray or nuclear
radiation through the material and presenting their image
on a recording medium.

ultrasonic examination (UT): a method for detecting imperfections in materials by passing ultrasonic vibrations (frequencies normally 1 MHz to 5 MHz) through the material.

safety valve set pressure: see ASME PTC 25.

vessel Manufacturer: any Manufacturer who constructs an
item such as a pressure vessel, vessel component, or part
in accordance with rules of this Division and who holds
an ASME Certificate of Authorization to apply the Code
Symbol Stamp to such an item.

spiral weld: a weld joint having a helical seam [see

UW-3(a)].
stationary pressure vessel: a pressure vessel to be installed
and operated as a fixed geographical location.

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