UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

SSE 1893 ENGINEERING MATHEMTICS

TUTORIAL 3
1.

Given the vector function r(t) =

t i + (2t + 4) j.

(i) Find the position vectors r(0), r(1), r(2) and draw the vectors.
(ii) Sketch the graph of r(t) for 0 t 2.

(iii) Find the unit tangent vector when t = 1.

2.

Draw the position vector r(t0 ) and find r0 (t0 ) for each of the vectors below.
(i) r(t) = 3 i + t j + (2 t2 ) k, t0 = 1.

(ii) r(t) = 3 i + 2 cos t j + 2 sin t k, t0 =

2.

(iii) r(t) = cos 2t i 4 sin t j, t0 = .

3.

Find r0 (t) and r00 (t) for the following vector functions.
(i) r(t) = 3 i + (t 1) j.

(ii) r(t) = (a cos t) i + (b sin t) j.

(iii) r() = ( sin ) i + (1 cos ) j.
4.

Find the velocity and the acceleration for each of the following functions representing the
position vectors of the particles.
(i) r(t) = (t 23 ) i + 2t j.

(ii) r(t) = et i + et/2 j.

(iii) r() = (sin ) i + (cos 2) j.

5.

Find the position vectors satisfying the following conditions.

(i) r0 (t) = 4e2t i + 3et j, r(0) = 2 i.

(ii) a(t) = 32 j, v(0) = 600 3 i + 600 j, r(0) = 0.

6.

Find the unit tangent vector and unit normal vector at the given point for each of the following
curves.
(i) The curve r(t) = t i + 2t2 j t3 k, at (1, 2, 1).

(ii) The curve x = et cos t, y = et sin t, z = et , at t = 0.

1 1
(iii) The curve x = 2 sin t, y = 2 cos t, z = 3t, at 1,
3, .
2
2
7.

(i) If F(t) = 3 sec t i t j + ln t k and G(t) = 4t i sin t k, find

d
[F(t)G(t)] .
dt

d
(ii) If F(t) = 2t i + 3t2 j + t3 k and G(t) = t4 k, find
[F(t) . G(t)] .
dt
t
j + t k and r(1) = 0.
(iii) Find r(t) if r0 (t) = 2 i + 2
t +1

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

8. (i) Show that the parametric equations of the curve of intersection between the surface
z = x2 + 4y 2 and the plane z = 2x are
1
x = 1 + cos t, y = sin t, z = 2(1 + cos t).
2
(ii) Find the points of intersection between the curve
1+t
1 t2
r(t) = t i +
j+
k
t
t
and the plane x y + 2z + 1 = 0.
9.

Find the unit tangent vector T and the principal normal vector N for each of the following
curves:
(i) x = t t2 /3, y = t2 , z = t + t3 /3.

(ii) r(t) = (3 sin t)i + (3 cos t)j + 4t k.

(iii) r(t) = (et cos t)i + (et sin t)j + 2 k.

10.

If T is the unit tangent vector and N is the principal unit normal vector for a curve, show
that T N is a unit vector.

11. (i) If (x, y, z) = xyz + exz , find . ( ).

z
k. Find F and . ( F).
(ii) Given F(x, y, z) = ln x i + eyz j +
x
(iii) Find the divergence and curl of F if F = exy i cos y j + sin2 z k.
z
(iv) Find the divergence and curl of F if F = ln x i + exyz j + tan1
k.
x
12. (i) Prove that (f ) = 0 for any scalar function f = f (x, y, z).
(ii) Prove that . ( F) = 0 for any vector functions
F = f (x, y, z)i + g(x, y, z)j + h(x, y, z)k.

(iii) Prove that ( F) = . F 2 F and verify your answers for the function

F = x2 i + y 2 j + z 2 k.

13. (i) Given T (x, y, z) = x 3y + 4z. Find the direction of the greatest rate of change of
T at P (0, 3, 0) and find the rate of change of T in that direction.

(ii) Find the direction of the lowest rate of change of T (x, y, z) = y(x + z) at P (2, 1, 1)
and give the rate of change in that direction.

(iii) The atmospheric temperature is given by T (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 z. Calculate

the directional derivative of T in the direction 4 i + 4 j 2 k at (1, 1, 2).

If a body at (1, 1, 2) is moving toward the point of lowest temperature, find

the direction of that body.

14. (i) Find the unit normal vector at (2, 3, 1) to the surface
2x2 y 2yz 2 3 = 0.

(ii) Find the unit normal vector to the curved surface of the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 25 at
P (3, 2, 4).

(iii) Find the directional derivative of = x2 y zx2 at (1, 2, 1) in the direction of

A = 2 i + j + 2 k.

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

15. (i) Find the direction of the unit normal vector at (2, 3, 1) to the surface
x2 y 2yz 2 + y 2 z 3 = 0.

(ii) If F(x, y, z) = x2 yz i + xy 2 z j + xyz 2 k, find the divergence and curl of F

at(2, 1, 2).

(iii) If f (x, y, z) = (x y)(y + z), find the directional derivative of f at

P (1, 3, 1) in the direction of vector A = 2 i + j + 2 k.
Find the direction and value of the maximum rate of change of f at P .
16.

A vector whose divergence is zero everywhere is said to be solenoidal and a vector whose curl
is zero everywhere is said to be irrotational.
(i) If and are differentiable functions, show that is solenoidal.

(ii) If r = x i + y j + z k and r = krk, show that r/r is irrotational.

(iii) If F and G are irrotational, show that F G is solenoidal.

17.

Find if
(i) = (y 2 2xyz 3 )i + (3 + 2xy x2 z 3 )j + (4z 3 3x2 yz 2 )k and (1, 1, 1) = 4.

(ii) = 2xyz 3 i + x2 z 3 j + 3x2 yz 2 k and (1, 2, 2) = 4.

18.

If r = x i + y j + z k, r = krk, and f is twice differentiable, show that

(i) (r) =

r
.
r

(ii) (r 2 ) = 2r.
r
2r
(iv) grad div
= 3.
r
r
2
d
f
2
df
(vi) 2 f (r) = 2 +
.
dr
r dr

(iii) 2 rn = n(n + 1)r n1 .

(v) (f (r)r) = 0.
19.

Session 2001/02 Sem I

a) If = xp y q + y p z q + z p xq and r = x i + y j + z k, show that
r . = (p + q)
with p and q as constant.

(10 Marks)

b) The temperature T , at any point (x, y, z) is given by

T =

1+

x2

2
.
+ 2y 2 + 3z 2

Determine its direction and maximum rate of change of T at the point (2, 1, 2).

(10 Marks)

20.

Session 2001/02 Sem II

a) If F = 2yzi x2 yj + xz 2 k and = 2x2 yz 3 , obtain
(i) F.

(ii) F . .

(iii) (F . ).

(7 Marks)

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

b) Given r(t) = cos(2t)i + sin(2t)j + 4k.
(i) Sketch the graph of r(t), for 0 t 2 in 3D.
(ii) Find the unit tangent vector T and principal unit normal vector N at

t= .
2

(6 Marks)

c) Given (x, y, z) = y sin x + 2yz, determine the direction of the fastest change of at the
point (0, 1, 0) and obtain the maximum rate of change of in that direction.
(7 Marks)
21.

Session 2002/03 Sem I

a) If F = x2 y 3 z 5 i + ln(xyz) j + sin(xy) k, find
(i) . F.
(ii) F.

(iii) . F.

(7 Marks)

b) Given r(t) = (et cos t) i + (et sin t) j + 2 k. Find

(i) unit tangent vector T.
(ii)principal unit normal vector N
1
c) Given (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 1.
4
(i) Find the
directional derivative
A = 2i + j + 2k.

(7 Marks)

of

in

the

direction

of

the

vector

1
2
)
(ii)Determine the direction and the value of maximum change of at the point P ( , 1,
2
2
(6 Marks)

22.

Session 2002/03 Sem II

a) Given (x, y, z) = x2 y + z 3 xy, F = 2xz 4 i + y 2 x j + xy 5 z k, and G = 2x3 i + y 3 j + z k,
find
(i) .

(ii) (G . F).

(iii) (F . )G.

(7 Marks)

b) The displacement of a particle is given by

r(t) = e2t (cos 3t i + sin 3t j + 4t k) .
Find the velocity and acceleration of the particle at any time t.
(5 Marks)
c) The temperature T (x, y, z) at any point (x, y, z) is given by
T (x, y, z) =

x2

12
+ 4y 2 3z 3

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

.

(i) Find the directional derivative of T (x, y, z) in the direction of the vector P = 2 i + j + 3 k
at the point A(1, 0, 2).
(ii)Determine the direction and the value of maximum change of T (x, y, z) at the point
A(1, 0, 2).
(8 Marks)
23.

Session 2005/06 Sem I

a) Find the directional derivative of the scalar field (x, y, z) = x2 sin(yz) at the point

( 3, , 2) in the direction of the vector v = i 2 j + 2 k.
6
(8 Marks)
b) Let r = x i + y j + z k and its magnitude is r. Show that r =

r
.
r
(4 Marks)

c) Let F = x2 yz i + xy 2 z j + xyz 2 k, find

(i) . F.

(ii) ( . F).

(iii) [( . F)].

24.

(8 Marks)

Session 2006/07 Sem I

a) The position vctor of a particle is given by
r(t) = a cos t i + a sin t j + bt k
where a and b are constants. Show that
1
(i) the unit tangent T =
(a sin t i + a cos t j + b k).
2
a + b2
(ii) the principal unit normal N = cos t i sin t j.

(6 Marks)

b) Given F = x2 z i 2yz j + x2 yz k and (x, y, z) = x2 yz. Find

(i) grad .
(ii) div F.
(iii) ().

(7 Marks)

c) The temperature in degree celcius, T (x, y, z) at any point (x, y, z) in a metal solid is given
by
xyz
.
T (x, y, z) =
1 + x2 + y 2 + z 2
Find the rate at which the temperature rises most rapidly at the point (1, 1, 1) and the direction
of this maximum increase.
(7 Marks)

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

25.

Session 2007/08 Sem II

a) If f (x, y, z) = xy 2 z, determine
(i) f .
(ii) curl grad f .
(iii) div grad f .
(7 Marks)
b) Suppose a particle moves counter-clockwise around the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius
2 at a constant speed. If its initial position is (2, 0), find the position vector r. Show that the
acceleration a of the particle is directed opposite of r.
(6 Marks)
y
.
x+z
(i) Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) at the point P (2, 1, 1) in the direction from P
to a point Q(1, 2, 0).
c) Let f (x, y, z) =

(ii)Determine the direction of minimum rate of change of f (x, y, z) at the point P (2, 1, 1).
Express your answer as unit vector.
(7 Marks)
ANSWERS
1. (i)
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r(0) = 4 j

r(1)

r(1) = i + 6 j

r(2) = 2 i + 8 j

r(2)

r(0)

(ii)

y ..................
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y = 2x + 4

r(t) =

t i + (2t + 4) j
x

1
4
(iii) T = i + j
17
17

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

2. (i)

r0 (1) = j 2 k

z ..............

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r(t)

(ii)

r0 (/2) = 2 j

z ............

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y2 + z = 4

(iii)

r0 () = 4 j

y ............

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y = 8(x 1)
1

3.

(i) r0 (t) = j, r00 (t) = 0

(ii) r0 (t) = a sin t i + b cos t j, r00 (t) = a cos t i b sin t j

(iii) r0 () = (1 cos ) i + sin j, r00 () = sin i + cos j

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

4.

(i) v = i + 2 j, |v| =

a = 0, |a| = 0

et/2
4e2t + et
j, |v| =
(ii) v = e i +
2
2

t/2
2t + et
e
16e
a = et i +
j, |a| =
4
4p

(iii) v = cos i 2 sin 2 j, |v| =

1 + 16 sin2 cos
p
a = sin i 4 cos 2 j, |a| = sin2 + 16 cos2 2
t

5.

6.

7.

(i) r(t) = 2e2t i + 3 et 1 j

(ii) r(t) = 600 3t i + 600t 16t2 j

1
1
(i) T = ( i + 4 j 3 k), N = (4 j 6 k)
26
2 13
1
1
(ii) T = ( i + j + k), N = (2 j + k)
3
5

1
1
(iii) T = ( 3 i j + 3 k), N = ( i + 3 j)
2
13
d
[F(t) G(t)] = (sin t + t cos t) i + (3 tan2 t + 4 ln t + 7) j 8t k
dt
d
[F(t) . G(t)] = 7t6
(ii)
dt

1
1
ln(t2 + 1) ln 2 j + (t2 1) k)
(iii) r(t) = 2(t 1) i +
2
2
(i)

8. (ii) (1, 0, 0) and (1, 2, 0)

9. (i) T =

(1 t2 )i + 2t j + (1 + t2 )k

,
2(1 + t2 )

N=

1 t2
2t
i
+
j.
1 + t2
1 + t2

(3 cos t)i (3 sin t)j + 4 k

, N = ( sin t)i (cos t)j.
5
(cos t sin t)i + (sin t + cos t)j
( sin t cos t)i + (cos t sin t)j

(iii) T =
N=
.
2
2
11.
(i) . ( ) = 0
(ii) T =

z
j, . ( F) = 0
x2
(iii) Divergence F = yexy + sin y + 2 sin z cos z
(ii) F = yeyz i +
Curl

F = xexy k
x
1
+ xzexyz + 2
,
x
x + z2
z
F = xyexyz i + 2
j + yzexyz k
x + z2

(iv) Divergence F =
Curl

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

13.

(i) The direction of the greatest changing:

1
2
1
i j+ k
6
2
3

1
26
6
(ii) The direction of the smallest changing: i j k

Minimum rate of change: 3

Maximum rate of change:

(iii) Directional derivative: 3

The direction of the movement:
14.

15.

2
2
1
i+ j k
3
3
3

1
(i) n = (4 i + j + 2 k)
21
1
(ii) n = (3 i + 2 j)
13
(iii) Directional derivative: 1
1
(12 i 4 j + 21 k)
601
(ii) Divergence F = 24. Curl F = 6( i k)
(i) n =

2
(iii) Directional derivative: . Direction: 2(2i 3 j k)
3

Maximum value: 2 14
17.

(i) (x, y, z) = xy 2 x2 yz 3 + 3y + z 4 2.

(ii) (x, y, z) = x2 yz 3 + 20.

19. (b) The direction of the greatest changing: i j + 3 k

Maximum rate of change: 0.0735
20. (a) (i) (2y z 2 ) j (2xy + 2z) k

(ii) 8xy 2 z 4 2x4 yz 3 + 6x3 yz 4

(iii) 8xy 2 z 4 2x4 yz 3 + 6x3 yz 4

(b) (ii) T = sin 2t i + cos 2tj = j
(c)

The direction of the greatest changing: i + 2 k

Maximum rate of change: 5

1
1
(ii) (x cos xy ) i + (5x2 y 3 z 4 y cos xy) j + ( 3x2 y 2 z 5 ) k
z
x
1
2y 3 z 5 i + (6xy 2 z 5 2 ) j + 10xy 3 z 4 k
y
1
T = [(cos t sin t) i + (sin t + cos t) j]
2
1
N = [(sin t + cos t) i + (cos t sin t) j]
2
9
The directional derivative:
2 7

13
Maximum rate of change:
2

1
The direction of the greatest changing: i + j + 2 k
2

21. (a) (i) 2xy 3 z 5 +

(iii)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c) (i)
(ii)

N = cos 2ti sin 2tj = i

1
y

10

SSE 1893: Tutorial 3

22. (a) (i) (2xy + z 3 y) i + (x2 + z 3 x) j + (3z 2 xy) k

(ii) (16x3 z 4 + y 5 + y 5 z 2 ) i + (5y 4 x + 5xy 4 z 2 ) j + (16x4 z 3 + 2xy 5 z) k
(iii) 12x3 z 4 i + 3y 4 x j + xy 5 z k
(b) v = e2t [(2 cos 3t + 3 sin 3t) i (2 sin 3t 3 cos 3t) j (8t 4) k]
a = e2t [(5 cos 3t + 12 sin 3t) i (12 cos 3t + 5 sin 3t) j + (16t 6) k]
(c) (i) The directional derivative: 0.6236
(ii) Maximum rate of change: 0.7512
The direction of the greatest changing:

1
6
(ii) (6yz) i + (6xz) j + (6xy) k

3
1
i+ k
24
4

23. (a) (i) The directional derivative:

(c) (i) 6xyz

(iii) 0 i + 0 j + 0 k

24. (b) (i) 2xyz i + x2 z j + x2 y k

(c)

(ii) 2xz 2z + x2 y (iii) 0 i + 0 j + 0 k

3
Maximum rate of change:
The direction of the greatest changing: i + j + k
8

25. (a) (i) y 2 z i + 2xyz j + xy 2 k

(b) r = 2 cos t i + 2 sin t j

(ii) 0 i + 0 j + 0 k

(iii) 2xz

a = 2 cos t i 2 sin t j

3
(c) (i) The directional derivative:
11

(ii) Minimum rate of change: 3

1
The direction of the greatest changing: [ i j + k]
3