APRIL/MAY 2011
1. Write down the significance of measurements.
Measurement generally involves using an instrument as a physical means of
determining a quantity or variable. The significance of measurements are:
To standardise the fundamental quantity (length, mass, etc.)
To evaluate the correctness of the experiment
To compare the result of experiment with other
2.
Isoclinics
The fring patterns formed by the sin2 term
is called isoclincs.
Isochromatics
The fring patterns formed by the sin2(/2)
term is called isochromatics.
MAY/JUNE 2012
1. Define stress at a point.
The stress at a point is defined as the resistance force per unit area.
2. Write short notes on extensometers.
Extensometer is an instrument used to measure minute deformation of material while it is
subjected to a stress. Classification of the extensometers depending upon the magnification
systems:
1. Mechanical Extensometers
2. Optical extensometers
3. Acoustical (Vibrating wire) extensometers
4. Electrical extensometers
5. Pneumatic extensometers.
3. What are the factors considered for gauge selection?
Factors considered for the selection of a gauge are:
1. Readability
2. Ease of mounting
3. Required operator skill
4. Weight
5. Frequency response
6. Cost
4. How temperature compensation can be achieved using Wheatstone bridge circuit?
In a Wheatstone bridge the temperature compensation can be achieved by using two
gauges, one as active and other for temperature compensation. They will be connected in
such a way that dummy gauge will compensate for the temperature effects in active gauge.
Methods of temperature compensation are:
1. Compensating Dummy Gauge
2. Self-temperature Compensated Gauge.
3. Compensation by dissimilar Gauges.
4. Compensation by similar Gauges.
5. Compensation by Computation.
5. Define stress optic law.
Stress optic law is defined as the changes in the indices of the refraction were linearly
proportional to the loads and the relation between refractive indices and loads are given by
6. What is isoclinic?
Isoclinics are the loci of points along which the principal stresses have parallel
directions. Isoclincs are generally obtained in a plane polariscope with a bark setup by
using white light.
7. Write short notes on holography.
Holography is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded
and reconstructed so that when an imaging system are human eye is placed in the
reconstructed beam. A 3-dimensional image of the object can be seen even when the object
is no longer present. The image changes as the viewing system changes.
NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2012
1. Differentiate range from accuracy of measurements.
Range
Accuracy
Range represents the maximum strain
Accuracy is the closeness with which an
which can be recorded without resetting instrument reading approaches the
or replacing the strain gauge.
true value of the variable being measured
It is represented by minimum and the
maximum value that can be recorded
without resetting or replacing the strain
gauge.
Eg: 0-100 psi