Math 8/7 A

Lesson 1
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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Arithmetic with Whole Numbers
and Money –
Variables and Evaluation
 Basic Information
Counting numbers or natural numbers:
0011 0010 1010 {1, 2,0001
1101 3, 4,0100
5, …}
1011

Whole numbers:
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …}

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Amounts of money are indicated with a dollar sign ($) or with
a cent sign (¢) but not both. $0.50¢ is incorrect!

Operations of arithmetic:
 Addition
 Subtraction
 Multiplication
 Division
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 Addition
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

Addition is bringing two or more numbers (or things) together to make a new total.

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Numbers that are added together are called addends. The result of addition is the sum.

addend + addend = sum

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Practice Problems:

Add:

a. 36 + 472 + 3614

b. $1.45 + $6 + 8¢
 Subtraction
Subtraction is taking one number away from another.
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011
In subtraction the subtrahend is taken from the minuend. The result is the difference.

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Other names used in subtraction are Minus, Less, Difference, Decrease, Take Away, Deduct

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Practice Problems:

Subtract:
a. 5207 – 948
b. $5 - 25¢
 Multiplication
Numbers that are multiplied together are called factors. The result of their
multiplication
0011 0010 1010 1101 is the0001
product.
0100 1011
factor * factor = product

Multiplication can be indicated in several ways:

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4·5 4x5 4 * 5 4(5) ab

Multiplication Words:
Groups of - 3 groups of 2 make 6.
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Sets of - 2 sets of 4 make 8.
Lots of - 2 lots of 2 make 4.
Multiplied -3 multiplied by 4 is 12
Product - the product of 5 and 3 is 15.
Times - 3 times 2 is 6.

Practice Problems:

Multiply: (a) 164 · 23 (b) $4.68 x 20 (c) 5(29¢)

 Division
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

Division is splitting into equal parts or groups.

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In division the dividend is divided by the divisor. The result is the quotient.

Division can be indicated in several ways:

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dividend ÷ divisor = quotient dividend/divisor = quotient

Divide: (a) 1234 ÷ 56 (b) $12.60/5

 Valuations and Evaluation
A variable is a symbol for a number we don't know yet. It is usually a letter like x or y.
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011
A constant is a number we know. A constant has a fixed value.

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We evaluate an expression by calculating its value when the variables are

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assigned specific numbers.

Evaluate each expression for x = 10 and y = 5:

(a) x + y (b) x – y (c) xy (d) x/y

 Math 8/7 A
Lesson 2
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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Properties of Operations
 Properties of Operations
Addition and subtraction are inverse operations. They undo each other.
2+3=5 5–3=2
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011
Together, the numbers 2, 3, and 5 form an addition and subtraction fact family. We
can write two addition facts and two subtraction facts:
2+3=5 5–3=2
3+2=5 5–2=3

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The order of addends do not matter. This is called the commutative property of
addition. a + b = b + a

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The order of the minuend and subtrahend do matter. Therefore subtraction is not
commutative! 5 – 3 ≠ 3 – 5

The identity property of addition states when zero is added to any number, the
sum is that number. x + 0 = x Zero is the additive identity.
 Properties of Operations (cont)
Multiplication and division are inverse operations. They undo each other.
4 * 5 = 20 20 ÷ 5 = 4
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011
Together, the numbers 4, 5, and 20 form a multiplication and division fact family.
We can write two multiplication facts and two division facts:
4 * 5 = 20 20 ÷ 5 = 4
5 * 4 = 20 20 ÷ 4 = 5

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The order of factors do not matter. This is called the commutative property of
multiplication. a * b = b * a

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The order of the dividend and divisor do matter. Therefore division is not
commutative! 20 ÷ 5 ≠ 5 ÷ 20

The identity property of multiplication states when any number is multiplied by

1, the product is that number. x * 1 = x One is the multiplicative identity.

The property of zero for multiplication states that when a number is multiplied
by zero, the product is zero.
 More Properties of Operations
Arithmetic is binary, which means we work with only two numbers in one step.
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 2+3+4 =9
2 + (3 + 4) = 9
(2 + 3) + 4 = 9

The associative property of addition states that the grouping of addends do not

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change the sum. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

The associative property of multiplication states that the grouping of factors does
not change the product. (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)

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Neither subtraction nor division are associative!

(8 – 4) – 2 ≠ 8 – (4 – 2)
(8 ÷ 4) ÷ 2 ≠ 8 ÷ (4 ÷ 2)
 Practice Problems
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

Example 1: Name each property:

a) 5 * 3 = 3 * 5
b) (3 + 4) + 5 = 3 + (4 + 5)

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c) 6 + 0 = 6
d) 6 * 0 = 0

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Example 2: Which property can we use to find the missing number?

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a) 8 + ? = 8
b) 1 * ? = 9
c) 10 * ? = 0
 Sequences
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

This lesson is the same as the Patterns Lesson we learned

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in PSSA Coach!

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 Step 1
Are the numbers increasing or decreasing?
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

• If increasing • If decreasing
– Add, – Subtract or

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– Multiply, or – Divide
– Square
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 Step 2
Compare consecutive numbers
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

• If increasing • If decreasing

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1, 3, 5, 7, 9 99, 88, 77, 66, 55

3, 6, 12, 24, 48

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3125, 625, 125, 25
 Step 3
Use the rule!
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011
Increasing numbers Decreasing numbers
1, 3, 5, 7, 9 99, 88, 77, 66, 55
• Increasing by the same number so • Decreasing by the same number

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Add ? so Subtract ?
• So the next number is ?

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• So the next number is ?

3, 6, 12, 24, 48
• Not increasing by the same
number so Multiply by ?
• So next number is ?
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3125, 625, 125, 25
• Not decreasing by the same
number so Divide by ?
• So next number is ?
 Practice Problems
Find1010
0011 0010 the next
1101 three terms1011
0001 0100 in these sequences:

a. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, …

b. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, …

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c. 50, 46, 42, 38, …

d. 1, 4, 9, 16, …

Now do the Practice Set on page 12.

 Math 8/7 A
Lesson 3
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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Missing Numbers in
Addition, Subtraction,
Multiplication, and Division
 Equations
An equation is a number sentence that says two quantities are
equal.
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011
3+4=7 5+a=9

An equation has a left side and a right side.

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In order for an equation to be true, the left side must equal the
right side.

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When you see an equation, always ask yourself “Is it true?”

When an equation has a missing number, ask yourself “What

number will make this statement true?”
 Missing Numbers in Addition
Variables are used to represent missing numbers.

0011Missing
0010 1010
Sum 1101Missing
0001 0100 1011
Addend Missing Addend
2+3=n 2+a=5 b+3=5

What missing numbers will make these statements true?

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Find the missing addends by using the inverse operation subtraction. Subtract the
known addend from the sum!

When there are more than two addends, subtract all the known addends from the sum.

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3 + 4 + n + 7 + 8 = 40

40 – (3 + 4 + 7 + 8)

Find the missing number that will make each of these equations true:
(a) n + 53 = 75 (b) 26 + a = 61 (c) 3 + 4 + n + 7 + 8 = 40
 Missing Numbers in Subtraction
What missing numbers will make these statements true?

0011Missing
0010 1010 1101 0001 0100
Minuend 1011
Missing Subtrahend Missing Difference
n–3=2 5–x=2 5–3=m

Find the missing minuends by using the inverse operation addition. Add the other two

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numbers.

Find the missing subtrahend or difference by subtracting.

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Find the missing number that will make each of these equations true:

(a) p – 24 = 17 (b) 32 – x = 14
 Missing Numbers in Multiplication
What missing numbers will make these statements true?

0011Missing
0010 1010 1101 0001 0100
Product 1011
Missing Factor Missing Factor
3*2=p 3f = 6 r*2=6

Find the missing product by multiplying the factors. Find the missing factors by using

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the inverse operation division.

Find the missing number that will make each of these equations true:

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(a) 12n = 168 (b) 7k = 105 (c) 2 * 3a = 30
 Missing Numbers in Division
What missing numbers will make these statements true?

0011Missing
0010 1010 1101 0001 0100
Quotient 1011
Missing Divisor Missing Dividend

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Find the missing quotient by dividing the dividend by the divisor.
 Find the missing divisor by dividing the dividend by the quotient.
 Find the missing dividend by using the inverse operation multiplication. Multiply
the quotient by the divisor.

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Find the missing number that will make each of these equations true:
 Math 8/7 A
Lesson 4
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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Number Line
 The Number Line
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

 The tick marks indicate the location of the integers.

The zero point on the number line is called the origin
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 The numbers to the right of the origin are called positive numbers
 All positive numbers are greater than zero
 The numbers to the left of the origin are called negative numbers
 All negative numbers are less than zero
 Zero is neither positive nor negative
 Comparing Numbers
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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Comparison Symbols

(=) Equal sign

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(<) Less Than sign – points to the smaller numbers on the number line. -5 < 4

(>) Greater Than sign = points to the bigger numbers on the number line . 5 > -6
 Practice Problems
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

1. Arrange these numbers in order from least to greatest => 0, 1, -2

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2. What is the correct comparison symbol? -5 _ 3

3. Show this addition problem on the number line => 3 + 2

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4. Show this subtraction problem on the number line => 5 – 3

5. Show this subtraction problem on the number line => 3 – 5

6. Simplify: 376 – 840

Now do the Practice Set on page 24.

 Math 8/7 A
Lesson 5
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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Place Value Through Hundred Trillions
–
Reading and Writing Whole Numbers
 Hundred Trillions
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

The trillions place is the 13th place from the right.

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Like all other place-value groups, the TRILLIONS also has a Ten-trillion and
Hundred-trillion place.

a. Which digit is in the trillions place in the number 32,567,890,000,000?

b. In 12,457,697,380,000, what is the place value of the digit 4?

 Expanded Notation
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

Expanded notation is writing each non-zero digit times its place

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value.

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5280 in expanded notation is (5 * 1000) + (2 * 100) + (8 * 10)

Write 25,000 in expanded notation

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 Reading and Writing Whole Numbers
For whole numbers with more than three digits, use commas to make the number
0011 0010
easier1010 1101Use
to read. 0001 0100every
commas 1011 three decimal places.
32,567,890,000,000

Hyphenate numbers between 20 and 100 that do not end in zero.

 52 is written “fifty-two”

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 76 is written “seventy-six”
 95 is written “ninety-five”

Practice problems:
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1. Use words to write 1,380, 000,050,200
2. Use words to write 3406521
3. Use digits to write twenty trillion, five hundred ten million
4. Use only digits and commas to write 25 million
5. Write twenty four hundred

Now do the Practice Set on page 30