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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Library Research

An aneurysm (AN'u-rizm) is a bulge in a blood vessel, much like a bulge on
an over-inflated inner tube. Aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst. The
aorta, the main artery leading away from the heart, can sometimes develop an
aneurysm. Aortic aneurysms usually occur in the abdomen below the kidneys
(abdominal aneurysm), but may occur in the chest cavity (thoracic -- tho-RAS'ik -aneurysm). This can happen if the wall of the aorta becomes weakened by build ups
of fatty deposits called plaque. This is called atherosclerosis (ath"er-o-skleh-RO'sis).
Aneurysms may also be due to an inherited disease such as the Marfan syndrome.
Aneurysms can be detected by X-ray or by imaging techniques such as
echocardiography (ek"o-kar"de-OG'rah-fe), an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or
a computed tomography (to-MOG'rah-fe) (CT) scan. A small aneurysm may not cause
symptoms. Then a patient's doctor will want to check it regularly to see if it's
enlarging. Pain in the area of an aneurysm is a common symptom. The larger an
aneurysm becomes, the more likely it is to burst.

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Aneurysms are treated surgically. A patch or artificial piece of blood vessel is

sewn where the aneurysm was. Brain aneurysms can and do grow. If they reach a
certain size, usually over one inch, the aneurysm may begin to put pressure on the
surrounding brain and cause progressive problems. These are called Giant aneurysms.
Aneurysms are very uncommon in patients below 20 years of age. They are
most common in older patients. Aneurysms are rare in childhood and adolescence.
Statement Of The Problem
This paper seeks to give specific answer to the following :
1. What is aneurysms?
2. What are the causes and effects of aneurysms?
3. How does aneurysms affects individual?
Significance of the Library Research
Some medications prices may be high because the companies spend on
research to produce better drug. Adopting essential drugs list would prevent people
from access to drug that they need. Knowing about aneurysms which is not common
topic is quite interesting.

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Scope and Limitations

This research is delimited in knowing the causes and effects of aneurysms and
ots signs and symptoms. This is to know several informations regarding aneurysms as
well as the rick factors regarding this illness.
Definition of Terms
Aneurysms

A localized, pathological, blood-filled dilatation of a

blood vessel caused by a disease or weakening of the
vessel's wall.

Adults

The term adult describes any mature organism, but

normally it refers to a human: one that is no longer a
child / minor and is now either a man or a woman.
Coming of age is the event of becoming an adult, i.e. of
entering adulthood

Aorta

The largest artery in the body. It carries oxygen-rich

blood away from the heart to vessels that reach the rest
of the body.

Vessels

The tube like structures in the circulatory system that are

responsible for circulating blood within the body. The
three kinds of vessels are arteries, veins and lymphatics.
Capillaries are the microscopic structures that connect
arteries and veins within tissues.

Prevention

refers to the action done to keep from happening or

doing something, to hinder, to make impossible.

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Chapter 2

DISCUSSION

A brain Aneurysm, also called a cerebral or intracranial aneurysm, is a weak

bulge in the blood vessel in the brain. The bulge is similar to a bulge in an inner tube
or a thin balloon. There are also aneurysms that are not present in the brain.
Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel in the body. They tend to form where the
artery divides or branches off.
Brain aneurysms can and do grow. If they reach a certain size, usually over
one inch, the aneurysm may begin to put pressure on the surrounding brain and cause
progressive problems. These are called Giant aneurysms.
Aneurysms are very uncommon in patients below 20 years of age. They are most
common in older patients. Aneurysms are rare in childhood and adolescence.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptom of a brain aneurysm is a severe headache. There
are many symptoms of a brain aneurysm and each person with an aneurysm may not
experience the same symtoms. Some of the other symptoms are: Localized Headache,
Nausea & Vomiting, Stiff Neck or Neck Pain, Blurred Vision or Double Vision, Pain

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Above and Behind Eye, Dilated Pupils, Sensitivity to Light (photophobia), and Loss
of Sensation.

How do brain Aneurysms develop?

It is unclear why a person develops a brain aneurysm. It appears that
aneurysms are related to an absence of a muscular layer that makes up part of the
blood vessels that over time stretches and thins. After the blood vessels has stretched
and thinned too much, the aneurysm occurs.
What are the dangers of having an Aneurysm?
Some of the major dangers of having an aneurysm is having a stroke or dying.
If an aneurysms breaks open and bleeds into the brain, a stroke or death may occur.
This bleeding is called a hemorrhage, or rupture. Ruptures are usually very serious.
Sixty percent of people with ruptures will die within a year. Aneurysms can be treated
by surgery. Surgery is usually performed to avoid rebleeding.
Some of the risk factors are:

Smoking, Hypertension, Traumatic Head Injury

Use of Alcohol, Use of Oral Contraceptives

Family History of Brain Aneurysms

and the inherited disorders: Ehlers Syndrome, Polycystic Kidney Disease, and
Marfans Syndrome

Statistics

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Studies show that about 3%-5% of the United States population has brain
aneurysms.

Approximately 2,000,000 people in the United States have unruptured brain

aneurysms.

Women are actually more likely to get brain aneurysms than men, with a ratio
of 3:2.
Being diagnosed with a brain aneurysm is frightening. Having survived a

ruptured aneurysm is a very difficult experience to have gone through and can be
extremely unsettling. Gathering information about your condition can help ease this
fear, help begin the healing process, and help bring a sense of comfort and support
during a trying time. Take the first step by reading the information below. Then,
follow the links on the right to learn more.
Stroke is the ultimate "Brain Attack." It can strike the young, healthy,
productive head of a household during a soft, shared moment with a spouse -anytime. Nothing is more frightening. One might hear: "I'm having the worst
headache of my life!" Or, "Oh, my neck is so stiff!" Then the victim might vomit,
perhaps have a convulsion which could leave them comatose and all bystanders truly
frightened.
In the emergency room even the doctors look worried. The CAT scan shows
"blood around the brain," something doctors call a "subarachnoid hemorrhage." There
could possibly be other problems, such as a blot clot in the brain itself ("intracerebral

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hemorrhage) and/or something called "hydrocephalus" (water on the brain, building

up after blood cells have gradually clogged, the brain's drainage system).
There is lots to be done, and in a very short time frame. Backtracking a bit, it
is important to get an instant education on the "Brain Attack."
The aneurysm can be seen by a number of techniques, the most reliable and
accurate of which is an angiogram. A catheter is passed into the vessels at the base of
the brain and a radio-opaque dye (called contrast) is injected while X-Rays are taken.
This study sets up the road map of the blood supply to the brain, and brings the
anatomy of the aneurysm to light. Other, less invasive ways to do angiography
include MRI scanning (MRAngiography) and the Spiral CT Scan using intravenous
rather than intraarterial contrast. These studies give a 3-D character to the images,
making them particularly helpful to the surgeon.
Aneurysms can also be cured by other techniques in selected cases. A
revolution (some call it a rapidly expanding evolution) is occuring in the technology
of "interventional radiology," allowing doctos to fill aneurysms with metal coils, glue,
balloons, and even "stents."(JR: What is a stent?) There may well be a future in which
surgery will become the other option, if such rapid progress brings the hoped-for
results.
The innumerable improvements and in microsurgical technology and
techniques, indicates that the least of the patient's problems is surgery. Surgical
morbidity and mortality is arbout 2 % (but up to 15% for the most difficult of

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aneurysms), yet, it is the most frightening part of the whole story. Surgery is, in point
of fact, the least threatening treatment. Patients and their families always look at the
surgeon strangely, when he says, "Surgery is the easy part overall! Don't worry so
much about that part of it; much more difficult hurdles await during the next few
weeks of therapy.

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Chapter 3
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This are drugs that capable of provoking changes of sensation, thinking self
awareness and emotion. Alteration of time and space perception illusions,
hallucinations and delusions may be either minimal; or overwhelming depending in
the dose.Lysergic acid comes from ergot, the fingers that spoils migraine. It was first
converted in 1938 to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by the Swiss
chemistMarijuana- is a drug found in the flowering tops and leaves of the Indians
hump plant. Usually looks like fine, green tobacco. Its possession is illegal.Because of
vivid visions and exhitoration which results from the use of marijuana, abusers may
lose all restraints an act in a manner dangerous to themselves and /or others. Accident
prove because of time and space sense disturbance. Dependence lead to antisocial
behavior and could be forerunner of the use of other brings.

Conclusion

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When an aneurysm ruptures, blood escapes and does not go into the brain, but
rather around it. The brain, like a permanent embryo, is filled with and surrounded by
water. When blood gets trapped there, the red and white blood cells die and eventually
disintegrate within 2 to 5 days. Imagine that each blood cell is nothing more than a
simple bag containing a complex variety of chemicals, some of which are very toxic
to the "smooth" muscle layer of the blood vessels arrayed around the brain. When
these vessels are bathed by such a combination of toxins, their "smooth" muscles
contract, causing the vessel to become so small that blood is prevented from traveling
to the brain tissue beyond.
By the research I made I realized that it wouldnt be good to our health but it
destroy our life. These drug are very harmful when the users will still continues using
drugs they will destroy our environment.
They answered that if they used drug they forget/escape their problem but their
answer is very bad, they dont realized that there problem is still their because if we
will escape problem we cant solve this problem so why we escape our problem.
Recommendation
The effects does not only destroy our physical appearance but our emotional
images. We observe people using the prohibited drugs/regulated drug over that are
suffering ill if they dont drugs, even though they used drugs if does not affect the
same as the effect of the previous days they will suffer ill sometimes they are crazy.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mackesy-Amiti, M. E.; Fendrich, M.; and Goldstein, P. J. "Aneurysms and Brain

Attack Typical vs. Atypical Progression," Drug and Alcohol Dependence 45
(1997): 185196.
Gledhill-Hoyt, J.; Lee, H.; Strote, J.; Wechsler, H. "Increased Use of Marijuana and
Other Illness at U.S. Colleges in the 1990s: Results of Three National
Surveys," Addiction 95, no. 11 (2000): 16551667.
NCAA Research Staff. NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College StudentAthletes (The National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2001).
Presley, C.A.; Meilman, P.W.; Cashin, J.R.; and Lyerla, R. Alcohol and Drugs on
American College Campuses: Use, Consequences, and Perceptions of the
Campus Environment, Volume III, 19911993 (Carbondale, Ill.: Core Institute,
Southern Illinois University, 1996).
Abbey, A. "Brain and Aorta: How Are They Linked?" Journal of American College
Health 39 (1991): 165169.

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LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Dagupan City

CAUSES AND EFFECTS ANEURYSMS

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for English I
(Communication Arts )

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by
Ronald Tabayoyong, BSN I-8
October 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page.

Acknowledgment

ii

Dedication

iii

Table of Contents..

iv

Chapter 1INTRODUCTION
Background of the Library Research 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Significance of the Library Research 2
Scope and Limitations

Definition of Terms3
Chapter 2

Chapter 3

DISCUSSION
Aneurysms

Signs and Symptoms of Aneurysms

Causes

Effects

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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Summary

10

Conclusions

10

Recommendations

10

Bibliography

11

Acknowledgment

The researcher wishes to extend his grateful thanks to the following persons to
had been contributed a lot in the completion of this project.
To his parents for the willingness and undying support they had give the
researcher, for without them is research will not be materialized;
To his friends, classmates and to his mentor for

patiently given me this

assignment in researching some matter regarding our surroundings, for without them the
research would not be enlightened.
Above everything else, to our Almighty God for giving the research strength,
patience, wisdom and knowledge, without His Blessing. The researcher cannot make his
research a successful one.

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Ronald Tabayoyong

Dedication

The researcher wholeheartedly dedicate this research paper to his parents, friends
classmates, teacher, faculty of Lyceum Northwestern University and
the researcher wholeheartedly dedicate this research paper
to our Lord for He is the one who help him a lot in
materializing, researching and compiling
this project.

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Ronald Tabayoyong