of Greater Mumbai,
India
SUPPORTING DOCUMENT
FOR SASAKAWA AWARD
Sasakawa Award
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Section 1
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MUMBAI
POPULATION:
2001 - 11,914,398
2008 - 13,662,885 (World Gazetteer)
Population growth: 1million in 1901 to over
14 million in 2010
AVERAGE DENSITY: 27,209 persons/km2 Highest
Density C ward: 114,001 persons/km2
AREA:
437.71 sq km
ALTITUDE:
10-15 meters above sea level some points just 1
meter above Mean Sea Level
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resiliency
Under the DRMMP, all DRR activities are coordinated, monitored and
evaluated to ensure that all stakeholders are working efficiently and
that investments in DRR are optimized and justified.
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DRMMP OBJECTIVES
1. Establish a
competent
emergency
management
system within
Greater Mumbai
2. Institutionalize
a sound disaster
risk management
(DRM) practice for
Stakeholders
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3. Propose a
coherent set of
policies and
actions to reduce
disaster risk
within Greater
Mumbai
4. Make this
project a model to
other cities in
India through
knowledge sharing
and participation
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DRMMP Components
The DRMMP addresses the following 9 components:
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Enhanced the ability of the MCGM to effectively coordinate between the civic
bodies and the other different agencies and volunteer sector for more effective
disaster management in the city.
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Section 2
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Floods
Cyclones
Cloud Bursts
Sea Erosion
2) Geological Disasters
Earthquakes
Landslides
3) Epidemics
Malaria
Swine Flu
Gastroenteritis
Dengue
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METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
City highly vulnerable to floods
Average rainfall: 2400 mm
Highest rainfall recorded in one day: 944 mm on July 26, 2005 (1200
mm is the average annual rainfall for India)
Probability of 24-hour rainfall exceeding 200 mm is 50%
The problem of flooding acute when heavy rainfall coincides with high
tide; i.e., more than 4.5 meters (average: 20 times during the
monsoon)
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VULNERABILITIES OF MUMBAI
The city formed by the amalgamation of two groups of seven islands
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Zone Magnitude
Zone V
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Zone III
Moderate Risk
Quakes upto
Magnitude 6.9
Zone II
Seismic
Disturbances
upto Magnitude
4.9
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VULNERABILITIES OF MUMBAI
URBAN DECAY
More than 2 million people living in > 16,000 dilapidated buildings of 4
to 6 storeys, constructed 100-125 years ago
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DILAPIDATED BUILDINGS
16,000 dilapidated buildings are identified where more than 5 Million
people live
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VULNERABILITIES OF MUMBAI
154 Landslide Prone Areas where more than 3 million citizens live in
informal hutments
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Section 3
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a) Disaster preparedness programmes for schools and college students as well as for citizens.
Between January 2007 and February 2010, the MCGM has conducted 137 training courses,
57 orientation courses and 4 seminars on Disaster Preparedness to 17,162 participants.
b) Incident Command System (ICS) training programme for Assistant Commissioners & Heads
of the Departments.
c) Training of Trainers programme for Disaster Management Control Room staff.
d) Ham radio training programme for Disaster Management Control Room staff.
e) Training programmes for Disaster Management are regularly conducted for staff of the
municipal wards, police officials, private security personnel, NGOs and Nehru Yuva Kendra
volunteers.
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a) Two mock drills on flood preparedness are conducted annually by MCGM in each
of the 24 administrative wards before monsoon in which agencies responsible for
the administration of the city, civil defence and NGOs etc. participate.
b) Industries, government organisations, police, etc. also conduct regular mock drills
with all responding agencies frequently.
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b) Asia Megacities Forum on "Reducing Urban Risk" was organised in association with
National Disaster Management Authority, Government of Maharashtra, Earthquakes
and Megacities Initiative and IIT Bombay in 2003 and 2009.
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The Emergency Support Functions (ESF) concept has been adopted in the
DRMMP project to provide a systematic and efficient system to organize the
several stakeholders engaged in disaster risk management in the city, to
provide them with a methodology for sharing knowledge and resources and
to work efficiently to address the challenges of preparing, responding and
recovering from any emergency situation.
On the basis of the ESFs, table top exercises are being conducted and hazard
specific Standard Operating Procedures will be prepared which will be
validated by conducting mock drills.
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Section 4
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Occupancy types
Injuries
Deaths
Economic Loss*
Slum
537,000
82,000
329.15
Non-slum
226,000
77,000
709.80
Total
764,000
159,000
1038.95
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Scheme failed as many of the old cessed buildings had already consumed FSI
between 3 to 6 (FSI regulations first imposed in 1964)
No scope for free sale construction
1999:
FSI granted increased to 2.5 of the gross plot area, or the FSI required for
rehabilitation of existing occupiers plus 50% incentive FSI, whichever is higher.
Developer was thus assured of at least 50% FSI for free sale.
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A very large fabric of the Island City comes under its preview.
FSI has been raised to four or FSI required for rehabilitation of existing
tenants/occupiers plus incentive FSI whichever is more.
Minimum area of cluster: 4,000 m2; maximum area 20,000 m2 .
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Abatement in municipal property taxes for the first ten years, followed
by a progressive increase over the next ten years
Corpus fund of INR 20,000 (US$ 432.99) per slum dwellers house
established by developers for future maintenance expenditure.
1463 projects have been sanctioned and 809 projects have been
completed
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INITIATIVES:RISK REDUCINGINFRASTRUCTURE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHELTERS
Under normal conditions to be used
as Municipal Schools
A) TEMPORARY SHELTERS: 120
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Mock Drills on various types of disasters are conducted twice a year and the
Plan updated annually.
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US$ 5.53 Million budget for 2011-12 for modernization and up gradation of
dispensaries to provide enhanced and uniform primary health care services.
Major hospitals have Emergency Medical Services in place.
Prior to the monsoon fogging and disinfection programmes are carried out.
A central control room and an epidemic control unit at Kasturba hospital is
commissioned prior to the monsoons and sufficient quantities of drugs,
surgical equipment and insecticides stocked in the Municipal Health Posts.
1000 beds reserved for water borne diseases in major and peripheral
hospitals during the monsoon.
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Upper air observatory for wind direction, speed, humidity etc. at upper
atmosphere levels.
For enhancing the forecasting ability synergie workstations have been
installed which allow observation of different parameters on one
platform.
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1.
780 ALMs
About 5 tonnes of biodegradable waste is composted per day.
Approximately 25-30 tons of garbage per day is prevented from reaching the
dump yards.
Organisation of the community, training and initiation is done jointly by
residents and MCGM
Initially funding by residents and the Corporation
Later stage activities are completely funded by the residents.
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CBO collects Rupees 10.0 (or 0.22 US dollars) per household per month for
collection of segregated waste from house to house and for the maintenance of
toilet blocks.
By the end of the third year, the CBO is expected to become self-sufficient in
managing services related to waste management and sanitation at the primary
level.
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3) Workshops / Exhibitions
a) A 2 day 'Mega-Exercise and Exhibition on Disaster Management, Tatpar
Mumbai 2010' was held on 26th and 27th Feb 2010. Various stakeholders
such as Government agencies, NGOs, business organizations and academic
institutions displayed their products, programmes or services for
Emergency Preparedness.
b) Asia Megacities Forum on "Reducing Urban Risk" was organised in
association with National Disaster Management Authority, Government of
Maharashtra, EMI and IIT Bombay in 2003 and 2008.
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Conducted by MCGM collaboration with UNDP & other National & International
organisations, in 2008 and 2010 to strengthen the citys emergency response system
through a series of trainings and workshops followed by a table top exercise and a
field drill.
Casualty ward nurses from public hospitals, paramedics from the fire department &
Life Supporters Institute of Health Sciences, Casualty officers from public & private
hospitals, Schools superintendents from public & private schools, Superintendents
from MCGM / State / Private Hospitals , Agency heads of Police, Fire, Emergency
Medical Services, Hospitals, Disaster Management Unit & Public Relations Officers
and Media leaders were trained during this programme
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Concluding Comments
o Mumbai is subject to many natural and man-made hazards, and
is a highly vulnerable city due to its geographical characteristics,
a high urban density and about 8 million people living in
extremely vulnerable slums
o The city faces some of the complex challenges associated with
vulnerability and risk reduction
o Mumbai has made a remarkable shift from reactive to pro-active
disaster risk management within a few years
o Through sustained investments, leadership, scientific planning
and a participatory approach, the City has taken an irreversible
course towards addressing its challenges in DRR
o Initial signs of accomplishments and a resolve commitment
make Mumbai worth for consideration for the Sasakawa Award.
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Thank You.
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