TAFILA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL MACHINES Lab

Report Sheet

Experiment Name:

Single-Phase Induction Motor

Lab Time : 2:00 - 5:00 pm Thursday

Instructor name: Dr. EMAD AL-ADDAIS

Name:
Mohanad Bassam Alrfou

Introduction
A cross-sectional view of a 2-pole, single-phase induction motor with a
Squirrel-cage rotor is given in Figure 10.1. For clarity, we have placed the
rotor conductors on the outer periphery of the rotor. In an actual motor, the
rotor conductor are embedded in the rotor slots.
Let us suppose that the supply voltage is increasing in the positive direction
and causes a current in the stator (field) windings, as indicated in Figure 1.1,
while the rotor is at rest. The current in each winding produces a magnetic
field that is also increasing in the upward direction. Since two rotor
conductors that are 180" electrical apart form a closed loop, the rotor
conductors can then be paired as shown. Let us examine one of the closed
loops, say the loop formed by conductors 2 and 2'. The flux passing through
this loop induces an emf and thereby a current in this loop. The direction of
the current in the loop is such that it produces a magnetic flux, which tends
to oppose the increase in the magnetic flux set up in the windings. For this to
happen, the current must flow out of conductor 2 and into conductor 2', as
shown by the dot and the cross, respectively. Ln the same way, we can
determine the currents in the other conductors. Each current carrying
conductor must experience a force in accordance with the Lorentz force
equation. The direction of the force acting on each conductor is also
indicated in Figure 1.1. The forces experienced by conductors 1, 2, 3, and 4
in unison with

Figure 1.1 A 2-pole, single-phase induction motor.

conductors l', 2', 3', and 4' tend to rotate the rotor in the
direction.

However, the forces acting on

conductors oppose
symmetric placement of
conductors ensures that

counterclockwise

the remaining
the rotation. The
the rotor
the motor
develops equal
in both
directions
the net
developed
zero.
Hence, the
its
position.
earlier, if
rotate in any

torque
and
torque
by it is

rotor remains in
standstill
As mentioned
the rotor is made to
direction while the
Single-phase winding is excited; the motor
develops
torque in that direction. Two theories have been put forth to explain this
experimental fact: the double revolving-field theory and the cross-field
theory. In this book, we confine our discussion to the double revolving-field
theory.
Double Revolving-Field Theory
According to this theory, a magnetic field that pulsates in time but is
stationary in space can be resolved into two revolving magnetic fields that
are equal in magnitude but revolve in opposite directions. Let us consider the
standstill condition of the rotor again. The magnetic field produced by the
motor pulsates up and down with time, and at any instant its magnitude may
be given as
B = Bm cos t
where Bm, is the maximum flux density in the motor. The flux density B can
be resolved into two components B, and B, such that the magnitude of Bm, is
equal to the magnitude of B,. Thus, B, = B, = 0.5 B. If we assume that B,
rotates in the clockwise direction, the direction of rotation of B, is
counterclockwise, as illustrated in Figure 1.2 .We now have two revolving
fields of constant but equal magnitude rotating synchronously in opposite
directions. An emf is induced in the rotor circuit owing to each revolving

field. The polarity of the induced emf in the rotor due to one revolving field
is in opposition to the other. Thus, the rotor currents induced by the two
revolving fields circulate in opposite directions. However, at standstill, the
slip in either direction is the same (s = 1) and so is the rotor impedance.
Therefore, the starting currents in the rotor conductors are equal and
opposite. In
other words, the starting torque developed by each revolving field is the
same. Since the direction of the starting torque developed by one revolving
field opposes the other, the net torque developed by the motor is zero. This is
the same conclusion we arrived at before. However, we have gained some
insight into the operation of a single-phase induction motor according to the
double revolving-field

theory. We can look upon a single-phase induction motor as if it consists of

two motors with a common stator winding but with rotors revolving in
opposite directions. At standstill, the two rotors develop equal torques in
opposite directions, and the net torque developed is zero. With that
understanding we can develop an equivalent circuit of a single-phase
induction motor at standstill.

Figure 1.2 Resolution of a pulsating vector into two equal and

oppositely revolving

Calculations
I(A)

(rad/s)

1.54
308.6
1.7
302.8
2
298.6
2.4
290.8
2.7
288.35
Vrated = 220V

(N.m)

Pin(watt)

Pout(watt)

0.04
0.4
0.7
1
1.23

242
362
415
495
580

298.6
287.23
285.44
279.52
271.64

Irated =2.8A
Conclusion
The induction (single phase motor)used to
increase the torque with out take care of the
rotational speed