LABEL AND LABELLING

Label is a type of ancillary packaging material which is applied over the package or
material . Labels come in different forms & designs, and can be differentiated by
the type of base material, type of adhesive and type of application.
LABELLING FUNCTIONS
THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF A LABLE ARE
To identify a product.
To provide product information like ingredients, use, purpose, manufacturing
date, batch no. also to caution for misuse or mishandling.
To decorate the product and provide aesthetic appeal.
To provide pilfer evidence.
MAIN TYPES OF LABELS AREPLAIN PAPER
GLUE APPLIED PAPER/PREGUMMED PAPER
PRESSURE SENSITIVE/SELF ADHESIVE.
HEAT SENSITIVE / TRANSFER.
SHRINK SLEEVE.
IN MOULD.
As such labels can be classified in different type
By MATERIAL USED = PAPER, PLASTIC, METAL, FABRIC, LEATHER, LATEX, FOIL, .
By ADHESIVE USED = PERMANENT, REMOVABLE, SEMI-PERMANENT, FREEZER
PERMANENT, TAMPER EVIDENT.
By TYPE OF INK = NORMAL PANTONE INK, METALLIC, UV INK, MAGNETIC INK,
FLUROCENT INK, ETC.
By PLACE THEY ARE USED = DANGEROUS PLACE, GENERAL PLACE, SHOWING
DIRECTION, INDUSTRIAL STORAGE PLACE.

By METHOD OF MAKING LABEL = LAMINATED, COATED, METAL ITCHING,

EMBOSSING, HOLOGRAPHIC TECQUNIQUE ETC.
By ENVIRONTMENT IN WHICH IT WILL BE USED = CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT,
RADIOACTIVE PLACE, HOT/HEATED PLACE, VERY COLD / ICY ENVIRONMENT,
INDICATOR LABLES, TILT WATCH LABLES, ETC
PRESSURE SENSITIVE LABELS
The Pressure sensitive or PS labels consist of Face Stock and Adhesive. Depending
on the adhesive used, they adhere to surfaces with moderate to light pressure. PS
labels are constructed as a sandwich of several layers:
Top Coat
Face Stock
Adhesive
Release Coat
Liner
Liner
The liner is the backing paper that makes up the web of a roll of labels.
Release Coat
The release coat is a coating applied to the top surface if the liner. The release
coat is designed to resist the adhesive, allowing the face stock and adhesive to
peel away from the liner during application without effecting tack properties of
the adhesive layer.
Generally silicon coated or super calendared glassine paper is used for this.

Adhesive
The adhesive is the glue that sticks the face stock to the product. There are a wide
variety of adhesive formulations available. Adhesive selection is generally based
on the application:
Permanent or Removable
Product Surface Material Paper, Plastic, Metal, etc.
Label Application Temperature
Product Storage Temperature
Product Surface Texture - Smooth or Rough
Wet or Dry Environment
Machine used for packaging .
Face Stock
Although the most common face stock material is paper, many other materials
are used including plastic films, foils, fabrics and laminates.
The face stock is printed and contains texts and graphics which give information
regarding the product as well as providing an aesthetic appeal to the product.
Top Coat
The top coat is a coating or lamination applied over the face stock, to provide
physical protection from abrasion or to enhance some other property of the label.
Top coats can be used to improve adhesion or legibility of secondary imprints,
typically used for date or lot coding. Special UV sensitive varnishes or films can be
used to assist with label on product detection, during the labeling process.
A varnish is a generally called a ink without pigments.
Varnish can be applied inline at time of printing through the roller, coding area is
remained varnish free which can be done by designing the printing plate.
.

SHRINK SLEEVE
A SHRINK SLEEVE LABEL IS A REVERSE PRINTED PLASTIC TUBE, WHICH WHEN
PLACED OVER A CONTAINER AND PASSED THROUGH A SUITABLE HEAT TUNNEL,
BECOMES AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE PACKAGE.
THE SLEEVES ARE PRINTED IN REVERSE, SEAMED IN TUBULAR FORM THEN PUT
ON THE CONTAINER AND SHRUNK TO TAKE THE SHAPE OF THE CONTAINER.
SHRINK SLEEVES CAN BE TOTALY OPAQUE OR TRANSPARENT DEPENDING ON
THE CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS.
THE PVC HAS SPECIAL SHRINKAGE CHARACTERISTICS, WHICH ENABLE
DESTORTION FREE SHRINKAGE ONTO CONTAINERS.
Holosleeves are introduced with printed hologram in the sleeves which is applied
to bottle with application of shrink tunnel this performs two functions giving
proof of temper evidence and also tells the package is genuine.
Liner free labels this is a new segment in labeling it consist of face stock and
adhesive layer over it without release paper this makes the label easy to
manufacture and also it reduced the wastage .
As in earlier with every roll of label a roll of liner comes this is wastage
This technology uses digitally printing labels face stock and hot melt adhesive.
Book let labels a booklet label is a cost effective technique to add additional
information on your existing bottles labels or jar bottles .
Types of book let label
Single fold
Double fold
Triple fold

Labeling regulation there are various labeling regulations in packaging in India it

is regulated by FSSAI and standard weight and measurement act.
The following are requirements
A label should have product name, manufacturer name and address,
contents, MRP, best before and mfg. date, FSSAi . Lic no ,dosage ,storage
condition ,handling directions, ingredients ,.
Principal display area

Declaration for source- a manufacture shall inform regarding the source of origin of product
wether from animal source or vegetable source.

By Kuldeepak Pandey