Engine (Read Only)

Product Dissection 04/07/98
Engine Dissection
You are dissecting a 3.5 HP

single cylinder, 4 cycle engine,
made by Briggs and Stratton in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
These engines are typically used

in lawn mowers, snow blowers,
go-carts, etc
(ref. 2, Used by permission of Briggs and Statton, ©1992, all rights reserved)
Engine.ppt - 1 of 20
Engine Module Contents

n References
n History
n Engine Classifications
n Complementary Technologies
n Engine Operation Principles
n Fuel Delivery (carburetors and fuel injection)
n Ignition Systems
n Manufacture and Materials Issues (under construction)
References
1) “Why Internal Combustion ?”, Rudi Volti, Invention and
Technology, Fall 1990, pp 42-47
2) Briggs and Stratton Service and Repair Instructions for
single cylinder 4-cycle engines, 1992
3) Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution, Edward
Obert, Intext Education Publishers, New York, 1973
4) Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines, Richard
Stone, Macmillan, 1985.
Classification of Engines
n External vs Internal Combustion

n Spark Ignition SI or Compression Ignition CI
n Configuration
n Valve Location
n 2 Stroke or 4 Stroke
Engine Configurations
In Line
(Automobile)
V
(Automobile)
Horizontally
Opposed (Subaru)
Radial (Aircraft)
Opposed Piston
(crankshafts
geared together)
Valve Location
L Head I Head
(Briggs) (typical automobile engine)
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
History of IC Engines
1860 Lenoir’s engine (a converted

steam engine) combusted natural
gas in a double acting piston,
using electric ignition
History - continued
n 1876 Nikolaus Otto patented the 4 cycle engine, it
used gaseous fuel
n 1882 Gottlieb Daimler, an engineer for Daimler, left to
work on his own engine. His 1889 twin cylinder V was
the first engine to be produced in quantities. Used
liquid fuel and Venturi type carburetor, engine was
named “Mercedes” after the daughter of his major
distributor
n 1893 Rudolf Diesel built successful CI engine which
was 26% efficient (double the efficiency of any other
engine of its time)
Complementary Technologies for

IC Engine-powered Automobiles
n Pneumatic tires (1888, Dunlop)
n Cheap liquid fuels (Oil industry born in PA 1859)
n Venturi effect carburetor (1892, Willi Maybach)
n Variable mechanical transmission (primitive type by
Levassor, 1891)
n Electric starter (Kettering 1912)
Parts of an
IC Engine
Name as many parts as you can
CROSS SECTION OF OVERHEAD VALVE FOUR CYCLE SI ENGINE

Cylinder head
Air cleaner Breather cap
Rocker arm
Choke Valve spring
Valve guide
Throttle Pushrod
Intake manifold Sparkplug

Exhaust manifold Combustion chamber
Parts of an
Tappet
Piston rings Dipstick
Piston
IC Engine
Cam
Wrist pin
Camshaft
Cylinder block
Connecting rod Water jacket
Oil gallery to piston Wet liner
Oil gallery to head
Connecting rod bearing
Crankcase
Crankpin
Crankshaft Main bearing
If you scored: Oil pan or sump

25 - 32 You are a certified Gear Head
15 - 24 Change your own oil
10 - 14 You really need this class
<10 Take your car to “Jiffy Lube”
4 Cycle Process
Intake Valve Exhaust Valve 4
1 2 Exhaust 3
Intake
Manifold Manifold
Spark
Cylinder Plug
Piston
Connecting
Rod Crank
Crankcase
Power Stroke Exhaust Stroke

Intake Stroke Compression Stroke
Both valves closed, Fuel-air mixture burns, Exhaust valve open,
Intake valve opens, increasing temperature
admitting fuel and air. Fuel/air mixture is exhaust products are
and pressure, expansion displaced from cylinder.
Exhaust valve closed compressed by rising
of combustion gases Intake valve opens
for most of stroke piston. Spark ignites
drives piston down. Both near end of stroke.
mixture near end of
valves closed - exhaust
stroke.
valve opens near end
of stroke
Briggs Engine - Intake
Compression
Power Stroke
Exhaust Stroke
2 Stroke Process
Compression Combustion Exhaust Scavenging

(ports closed) (ports closed) (intake port closed) and Intake
Air Taken Into (ports open)
Crankcase Air compressed in crankcase
Rotary “Wankel” Engine
Ref. Internal combustion engines and air pollution, E. F. Obert

Venturi-type Carburetor
Air/Fuel Mixture To Engine
Bernoulli Effect:
P+1/2 ρV2 = Constant Throttle Plate
Atomized Fuel
Fuel Inlet Valve Stem
Float Venturi
Bowl Choke Plate
Constant level is
maintained in bowl - Fuel Inlet Air
as float moves down, Nozzle
valve stem moves
down, allowing more
Metering Orifice
fuel into bowl, float
moves up and closes
valve
Ref. Obert
Fuel Injection (electronic, multi-port)
Monitored Engine
Operating Conditions:
TRIGGER COMPUTER Manifold Pressure
Engine Speed
Air Temperature
Coolant Temperature
Acceleration
INJECTOR DRIVE UNIT
Pressure Regulator Fuel Fuel

50 psi typical Filter Pump
Injectors
FUEL TANK

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Product Dissection 04/07/98

You are dissecting a 3.5 HP

These engines are typically used

Engine Module Contents

n External vs Internal Combustion

1860 Lenoir’s engine (a converted

Complementary Technologies for

Name as many parts as you can

CROSS SECTION OF OVERHEAD VALVE FOUR CYCLE SI ENGINE

Intake manifold Sparkplug

If you scored: Oil pan or sump

Power Stroke Exhaust Stroke

Briggs Engine - Intake

Compression Combustion Exhaust Scavenging

Rotary “Wankel” Engine

Ref. Internal combustion engines and air pollution, E. F. Obert

Fuel Inlet Valve Stem

Bowl Choke Plate

Fuel Injection (electronic, multi-port)

INJECTOR DRIVE UNIT

Pressure Regulator Fuel Fuel

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