1.

Motion
Topic 1] Motion
Specific Objectives:
State equations of motion.
Apply laws of motion to solve problems.
Differentiate between linear and circular motion,
State meaning of centripetal acceleration, centripetal force,
1. 1 Rectilinear and Angular Motion [06 Marks]
Equations of motion:-V=u+at, S=ut+1/2at2, V2=u2+2as (no derivation),
distance traveled by particle in nnt second, (only equation), Uniform velocity,
uniform acceleration and uniform retardation, equations of motion for motion
under gravity.
Definition of angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration,
relation between angular velocity and linear velocity, three equations of angular
motion (no derivation) angular distance traveled by particle in n nt second (only
equation).
1.2 Kinetics and Work Power Energy [06 Marks]
Definitions of momentum, impulse, impulsive force with formulae, statements
of Newtons laws of motion with equations, applications of laws of motionrecoil
of gun.
Definition of work, power and energy, equations for potential energy. Kinetic
energy, work -energy principle.
1.3 Projectile Motion and circular motion [04 Marks]
Definition of a projectile motion, angle of projection, trajectory, time of flight
and range with formulae.
Definition of a circular motion, centripetal acceleration, centripetal force,
definition of centrifugal force, and its applications.

Unit 1.1.1 Rectilinear Motion

Q.1 Define 1) Kinematics 2) Rectilinear motion 3) Distance 4) Displacement 5) Speed 6)
Velocity 7) Acceleration 8) Retardation 9) Uniform/ constant velocity 10) Uniform/ constant
acceleration.
Ans. 1. Kinematics: It is a branch of dynamics which deals with the study of motion without
considering the causes of motion.
2. Rectilinear motion: the motion of objects along a straight line is called as rectilinear motion.
Eg. Motion of car, aeroplane, etc.

3. Distance: The total path length travelled by the object is called as distance. The distance is a
scalar quantity.
4. Displacement: The change in the position of a body with respect to some fixed reference
point is called as displacement. The displacement is a vector quantity.
5. Speed: The rate of change of distance traveled by a body with time is called as speed. It is a
scalar quantity. S.I. unit of speed = m/s; C.G.S. unit of speed = cm/ s.
6. Velocity: The rate of change displacement of the body with time is called as velocity. It is a
vector quantity. S.I. unit of velocity = m/s; C.G.S. unit of velocity = cm/ s.
7. Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity with time is called as acceleration..
S.I. unit of acceleration = m/s2; C.G.S. unit of acceleration = cm/ s2.
8. Retardation: The decrease in velocity of body with time is called as retardation.
9. Uniform/ constant velocity: If body travels equal distance in equal intervals of time then it is
called as uniform/ constant velocity
10. Uniform/ constant acceleration: If body moves with equal change in velocity in equal
intervals of time then it is called as uniform/ constant acceleration.
Q.2 State equations of motions with meaning of each term.
v u at
Ans. 1.
1
s ut at 2
2
2.
v 2 u 2 2as
3.
Where,

u Initial velocity of body, v Final velocity of body

s displacement of body,
a acceleration of body

t time

Q.3 Obtain an expression for distance traveled by particle during n th second.

Ans. We know that,

1
s ut at 2
2
Let, s1 be the distance traveled in n seconds,

Then,

1
s1 un an 2
2

Let, s2 be the distance traveled in (n-1) seconds,

s2 u n 1

Then,

1
2
a n 1
2

1
un u a n 2 2n 1
2
1
a
s2 un u an 2 an
2
2
1
a

s2 un an 2 u an
2
2

s2 s1 u an
2

s1 s2 u an
s1 s2 u

a
2

a
2n 1
2

But, (s1- s2) is the distance traveled in nth second. Let it be denoted by sn,
sn u

a
2n 1
2

(5)

Q.4 State an expression for distance traveled by particle during nth second.
Ans. An expression for distance traveled by particle during n th second is given by

sn u

a
2n 1
2

(5)

Sn - Distance traveled by particle during nth second

u- Initial velocity of body

;a-Acceleration of body

n- number of second

Q.5 State equations of motion for a body

i) Falling freely under gravity vertically downward and
ii) Thrown vertically upward against gravity along with meaning of each symbol.
Ans. For downward motion

For upward motion

v u gt

1 2
gt
2

h ut

1 2
gt
2

10

v 2 u 2 2 gh

v 2 u 2 2 gh

11

v u gt
h ut

Where, h is the height

;u- Initial velocity of body

v- Final velocity

; t- Time

g- Acceleration due to gravity

Important formulae
v u at
1

1
s ut at 2
2
2

v 2 u 2 2as
3

a
Sn u (2n 1)
2
4
Where,

u Initial velocity of body, v Final velocity of body

s displacement of body, t time
a acceleration of body

Solved problems
1

A body moving with constant acceleration travels 50m and 100m during 5 th and 10th second of
travel respectively. Calculate initial velocity and acceleration of a body.

S5th 50m,

S10th 100m

Solution: Given data:

Initial velocity, u =? Acceleration, a =?

a
Snth u (2n 1)
2
Formula:

a
50 u (2 5 1)...(Q n 5)
2
a
50 u (10 1)
2
50 u

9a
2u 9a
,50
2
2

100 2u 9a........................................(1)
a
100 u (2 10 1)...(Q n 10)
2
a
a
100 u (20 1),100 u 19
2
2
100

2u 19a
2

200 2u 19a......................................(2)
Solving Equation (1) and (2), we get

u 5m / s, a 10m / s 2
2

A motor cycle starts from rest and accelerated uniformly. It attains speed of 36km/hr after
6seconds. Calculate distance covered during that time using velocity time diagram.

Solution: Given data: Initial velocity, u = 0m/s

v = 36km/hr =
t = 6sec,s=?

v = u + at
Formula:

1)

361000
m/s =10m/s
6060

 a=

S=

v - u 10 - 0
=
=1.67m/s 2
t
6
1 2 1
at = 1.6(6) 2 = 30.06m.
2
2

2)
3

The speed of a train is reduced from 110 km/hr to 55 km/hr over a distance of 350 m. Find the
uniform retardation and the distance further traveled before coming to rest.

110 1000
30.55m / sec.
3600

Solution: Given data: Initial velocity, u = 110km/hr

Final velocity, v = 55km/hr

55 1000
15.277 m/s
3600

Distance, s = 350m

v 2 = u 2 + 2as
Formula:

1)

(15.28) 2 (30.55) 2 2a(350)

233.478 933.30 700a
699.822 700a
a 0.999m / s 2

V 2 u 2 2as
2)

(0) 2 (30.55)2 2 (1.0) s

(Q u = 55km/hr = 30.55m/s and v = 0)
0 933.30 2 s
s
4

933.30
466.65m
2

Find the velocity of a body after 7seconds, if its initial velocity is 20 m/sec and uniform
acceleration is 0.5 m/s2. Also calculate the distance traveled in 7 seconds.

Solution: Given data: Initial velocity, u = 20 m/s, t = 7 sec

Uniform acceleration, a = 0.5 m/s 2
v = u + at
v = 20 + (05 7) = 23.5 m/s.

s = ut +

1 2
at
2

Formula:

1
= 20(7)+ (0.5)(7)2
2
= 140+12.25
s = 152.25m
5

A body starts from rest with a constant acceleration of 0.5m/sec 2. After what time, its velocity be
2.5 m/sec. and how much distance it will travel during this time?

Solution: Given Data: u = 0, a = 0.5 m/sec2, v = 2.5 m/sec.

Time, t = ?, Distance, s = ?
Formula:

1)

v = u + at,

2.5 = 0 0.5 t , 2.5= 0.5 t

t

2)

2.5
5sec.
0.5

v 2 u 2 2as
(2.5) 2 = 0 2 0.5s.
(2.5) 2 = 2 0.5s.
s = 6.25m

6. A railway wagon moving at 54 km/hr attains a velocity of 72 km/hr and covers the distance of 700
m. find the uniform acceleration of wagon.

54 1000
15m/s
3600

72 1000
20 m/s
3600

Solution: Given data: Initial velocity, u = 54 km/hr

Final velocity, v = 72 km/hr

Distance,
s = 700 m

v 2 = u 2 2as
Formula:

 (20) 2 = (15) 2 +2a(700)

400 = 225+1400a
400-225 =1400a
175 = 1400 a
a = 0.125m/s2
7. A scooter has initial velocity 4 m/s. It acceleration for 12 sec, at the rate of 0.25 m/s 2. Determine
the final velocity and the distance traveled during this time.
Solution: Given data: Initial velocity, u = 4 m/s
Time, t = 12 sec
Acceleration a = 0.25 m/sec 2
Final velocity v =?
Distance traveled, s = ?

v = u 2at
Formula:

1)

v = 4 0.25 12
v = 7 m/s
v 2 = u 2 2as
(7) 2 (4) 2 2 0.25 s
49 16 0.5s
49-16 = 0.5s
33= 0.5s
s = 66 m
8) Particle starts with a velocity of 3 m/s and moving in a straight line with constant acceleration. If
its velocity after 5 second is 5.5 m/s. final acceleration and distance traveled in 5 second.
Solution: Given data: Initial velocity, u = 3 m/s
Final velocity, v = 5.5 m/s
t = 5 sec.

a=
Formula:

v - u 5.5-3
=
= 0.5 m/s2
t
5

1)

1
s = ut + at 2
2
1)

 (3 5)

1
0.5 (5)2
2

s = 21.25m

Unit 1.1.2 Angular Motion

Q.1 Define angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration. State their
units.
Ans. Angular Displacement: It is defined as the angle subtended at the center by the radius
vectors corresponding to the initial and final positions of the body performing angular motion. It

is denoted by ' '. Its SI unit is radian.

i.e. linear displacement = radius angular displacement
s r.

s
r

Angular Velocity: It is defined as the change in angular displacement with respect to time. It is

denoted by ' '.

It is measured in rad / sec.

Angular acceleration: It is defined as the change in angular velocity with respect to time. It is

denoted by ' '. Its S.I. unit is rad/ sec2.

Q.2 Derive relation between linear velocity and angular velocity.
Ans.

We know that,

Angular displacement,

s
r

And angular displacement,

Put equation (1) in (2), we get,

s
r.t
s
r.
t
s
But , v linear velocity
t
v r.

linear velocity = radiusangular velocity

Equation (3) gives relation between linear velocity and angular velocity.
Q.3 Derive relation between linear acceleration and angular acceleration.
0

Ans. Let,
be the initial angular velocity of a body and let it changes to
in timet sec.
Then,

0
t
0

Let, initial and final linear velocities corresponding to

Then,

and

be v and v0 respectively.

But,

v v0

r
r

t
v v0

rt
v v0
a linear acceleration
t
a

r
a r.

linear acceleration = radius angular acceleration.

This gives the relation between linear acceleration and angular acceleration.
Q.4 Obtain an expression for angular distance traveled by particle in n th second.

Ans. We know that

1
0t .t 2
2

1
Let

be the angular displacement after n seconds then,

1
1 0n a.n 2
...... 1
2