AS Physics Unit 1 Mark Scheme

1a)K+=US bar(sorry cant do bar symbol) because strangeness=1 therefore anti strange
quark and charge is 1 so ups charge of 2/3 is required to add with 1/3 charge of antistrange to make 1 full charge.(not required) (1)
1b)Baryon Number=0 because its not a baryon or baryon number=1/3-1/3=0(not
required) (1)
1c)K- because charge is opposite for antiparticle(not required).(1)
1d)K- to anti muon + muon neutrino
K- is a hadron,meson and is charged.
Anti muon is charged, isnt a meson or hadron.
Muon Neutrino isnt charged, isnt a meson or a hadron.(3)
1e)Particle X is a neutral pion so that baryon number,lepton number and charge are
conserved(not required).(1)
1f)Either baryon number, charge or lepton number conserved.(1)
2a)Q has the least protons(5) compared to 6,6 and 8.(1)
2b)P and R are isotopes due to having same number of protons.(2)
2c)atom with lowest proportion of charged particles(protons) to mass(protons and
neutrons)(nucleon number).P I think cant remember.(2)
2d)strong nuclear force is repulsive up to 0.5-1.0 femtometres then it becomes an
attractive force decreasing with distance separated between proton and neutron up to 0
at the range of strong nuclear force(3-4 femtometres).Graph would be good idea straight
line down at 0.5-1.0 from repulsion to attraction and then it curves up to 3-4fm.(3)
2e) Electronmagnetic is the right answer with Virtual Photon as the exchange particle.(I
put Weak Interaction exchange particle(Weak Boson W+ or W- or Z0):mad) (2)
3a) Interference with Double Slits has been observed with electrons.(1)
3b) wavelength=h/mv=6.63*10^-34/(9.11*10^-31*2.5*10^5)=2.9*10^-9 m(2sf)(3)
3c) velocity=h/(wavelength*mass)=1.2*10^3 ms^-1 (2)
3d) C=fwavelength frequency=3*10^8/(254*10^-9)=1.2*10^15 Hz(2)
3e) E=hf=6.63*10^-34*1.2*10^15=7.9*10^-19J =7.8*10^-19j=7.8*10^-19/(1.6*10^19)ev=4.9ev(2)
4a)Ultraviolet Photons are emitted by mercury atoms(1).
4b) excited is where electrons in the mercury atom receive enough energy to move up
energy levels.(2)
4c)electrons flow from either end of metal plates and collide with mercury atoms
transferring their energy givi ng electrons enough energy to move to the next energy
level.(2)
4d)The Excited electrons can then lose a varying amount of energy and drop different
amounts of energy levels as they dexcite and because the difference between energy
levels refers to the energy of the photomn released then different energy photons can be
released and because photon energy is dependent on its frequency e=hf then differing
frequencies can be produced.(3)
4e) Ultraviolet photons are incident on the fluorescent tube exciting the electrons in the
flourscent tube as they receive enough energy to move to the next energy level and then
they lose energy dropping energy levels as the dexcite and the difference between
energy levels is the energy of visible light so visible light is emitted(2)
5a)Resistivity is the constant of proportionality of the directly proportional relationship of
resistance and the ratio of length and cross sectional area for a specific material
providing temperature remains constant.Resitivity is the product of resistance and the
ratio of cross sectional area and length.Resistivity is the resistance of a material with
cross section 1m^2 and length 1m or basically cube with sides of 1m.(All of these
definitions should be correct).(2)
5b)The Critical Temperature is the temperature at which below this a material becomes a

superconductor and has zero resistance and it is significant because of this and that a
material with a higher critical temeperature would be more useful.(2)
5c) P=RA/L=0.80*(0.5*10^-3)^2*pi/4.8=1.3*10^-7ohmmetre(unit required)-Im not sure if it
was 0.80 ohm resistance though.(2)
6a)The power is directly proportional at first(straight line) increasing as resistance
increasing between 0.5-3 ohm up to a maximum of 3.0 watts but after this it has an
inversely proportional relationship decreasing as resistance increases.(use figures)(2)
6b) at resistance 0.8 ohm power=1.9 p=i^2 sqrt(p/r)=i=sqrt(1.9/0.8)=1.5 amps (2)
Current=1.5 amps
6c) voltage=1.2 volts v=ir=1.5*0.8=1.2 volts (2)
6d) internal resistance=3.2 ohm emf=v+Ir (emf-v)/I=r=(6-1.2)/1.5=3.2 ohm (2)
6e) without internal resistance then the terminal voltage=emf and thus the equation
P=V^2/R would work for the whole circuit therefore power would have an inverse
relationship with resistance decreasing as resistance increased.(2)
7a) you would measure voltage/pd with a voltmeter and temperature with a thermometer.
Heat thermistor with water bath(7 different readings between 0 and 100).R is required
because otherwise voltmeter reading would equal emf and not change due to r as
temperature increases and the resistance of the thermistor drops it will receive less
potential difference due to having a resistance lower in proportion to R therefore the
voltmeter reading will drop.Set up the experiment again and measure the potential
difference across thermistor in room and compare with graph(I drew curved falling curve
of voltmeter reading against temperature and indicated lines drawn to find out the
temperature if you know the voltmeter reading.(6)
7b) If the voltmeter is connected across R then as the resistance of the thermistor
decreases due to temperature increasing its resistance will be greater in proportion to the
resistance of the thermistor so the reading on the voltmeter would increase.(3)