SSE 1792 Calculus

Summary for chapter 1 : VECTORS

Basic Concept
Magnitud

v = a 2 + b 2 + c2

Dot Product

Cross Product

Definition

Definition

u v = d, e, f a, b, c
= d (a ) + e ( b) + f (c)

Unit Vector
Angle Between 2 Vectors

v =

i j k
u v = d e f

v
v

uv
= cos 1

u v
Types of Angle

is acute angle u v > 0

is obtuse angle u v < 0
= 90 u v = 0
u and v are orthogonal
u is perpendicular to v

= i ( ec bf ) j ( dc af ) + k ( db ae )
Area of Parallelogram/Triangle
Area of parallelogram = u v
Area of triangle =

1
u v
2

Note

Nor Muhainiah Mohd Ali, Dept of Math, Fac. of Science, UTM

u and v are parallel u v = 0

SSE 1792 Calculus

Line

Equation

Plane

1. vector form

ax + by + cy = d with

< x, y, z >=< x0 , y0 , z 0 > +t < a, b, c >

Eg: < x, y , z >=< 2,5,4 > +t < 3,8,1 >

d = ax0 + by0 + cz0

2. parametric form

where:

x = x0 + at , y = y0 + bt , z = z0 + ct
Eg: x = 5 + 2t , y = 2 + 2t , z = 3 t

point on the plane = ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 )

normal vector, N =< a, b, c >

3. symmetrical form

x x0 y y 0 z z 0
=
=
a
b
c
x +1 y 3 z + 4
Eg:
=
=
3
4
2
Where:

point on the line = ( x0 , y0 , z 0 )

v =< a, b, c >

1. between 2 lines

cos =
Angle

uv
where
uv

u : vector parallel to line 1

1. between 2 planes

cos =

N1 N 2
where
N1 N 2

N1 = normal vector to plane 1

N2 = normal vector to plane 2

v : vector parallel to line 2

2. between a line and a plane

sin =

V N
where
V N

V = vector parallel to line

N = normal vector to plane

Nor Muhainiah Mohd Ali, Dept of Math, Fac. of Science, UTM

SSE 1792 Calculus

Intersection

between 2 lines

between 2 planes

l1 : x = x1 + at
y = y1 + bt

l2 : x = x2 + ds
y = y2 + es

z = z1 + ct

z = z2 + fs

v1 = a, b, c

v2 = d , e, f

1. Parallel

If NOT
v1 v2
Move to 2

2. Intersect

x1 + at = x2 + ds

The values of
s and t not
satisfy one of
the
three
equation

z1 + ct = z2 + fs

Find/get the value Move to 3

of s and t and
make sure s and t
satisfies all three
equation
Find/get the point
of intersection
( x, y,z )
3. Skew

1. a vector parallel to the line

N1 N 2
2. a point ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) on the line

If YES
v1 = v2
Stop (conclude)

y1 + bt = y2 + es

To obtain the equation of a line of the

intersection of 2 planes, we need

Stop (conclude)

Nor Muhainiah Mohd Ali, Dept of Math, Fac. of Science, UTM

can be chosen by solving the

equation of plane 1 and plane 2

SSE 1792 Calculus

1. from a point to a line

d=
Shortest
distance

v PQ
v

where

V = vector parallel to line

P = point on the line
Q = point to the line

2. between 2 skewed lines

D=

N PQ
N

1. from a point to a plane

D=

N=UxV
U = vector parallel to line 1
V = vector parallel to line 2
P = point on line 1
Q = point on line 2

Nor Muhainiah Mohd Ali, Dept of Math, Fac. of Science, UTM

a +b +c

where

< a,b,c > = normal vector to plane

(x1,y1,z1) = point to the plane

2. between 2 parallel planes

D=
where

ax1 + by1 + cz1-d

d1 d 2
a2 + b2 + c2