STUDENT WORKSHEET OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE & BONDING

MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY

(MOT)

Basic Competence

: Understanding chemical bonding and its use for

molecular structure determination

Indicator

: 1. To describe the formation of molecular orbital

2.
3.
4.
5.

based on the principle of LCAO

To distinguish the orbital bonding, non bonding,
and anti-bonding
To write electron configurations in the molecular
orbitals
To determine the energy level and frequency of
electronic transitions using the method of Huckel
To describe the current developments of
molecular orbital theory.

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WORKSHEET 009
1. a. Jelaskan berdasarkan teori orbital molekul, dapatkah Anda
menemukan orbital-orbital atomic dalam suatu molekul.
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Could you find too the atoms He, Ne, Ar, and other atoms of noble gases
freely on our earth? Explain the reason of your answer!
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Based on above differences, explain why atoms of non noble gases tend
to form chemical bonds.
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b. Based on the literature, the formation of chemical bonding is related to
energy stability. To further clarify, draw the potential energy curve of a
molecule. Complete the curve with notation of the distance of
separation between the two cores R, the equilibrium bond length Re,
and the bond dissociation energy De. Then explain the meaning of the
curve.

IGMA SANJAYA & DIAN NOVITA

STUDENT WORKSHEET OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE & BONDING

Fig. 1. a molecular potential energy curve.

The explanation of the curve:
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2. a.

Are you able to find the molecular ion of

2+
H 2 ? In other words, is

Hydrogen ion (proton) to form a chemical bonding with another

Hydrogen ion (proton) to form a molecular ion of

2+ ?
H 2

Explain why

this might be happening!

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Are you able to find The molecular of

H 2 . In other words, weather the

hydrogen atom tend to form a chemical bonding with another Hydrogen

atom, explain the answer.
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Based on the above, please explain what caused the attractive forces of
atoms in chemical bonding.
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Based on this, try to predict whether you can make

+
H 2 -molecular ion.

Then explain the reason you thought so.

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3. a. Draw two thick black dots describing the position of proton A and
proton B. Place a small dot of electron in any place around the two thick

IGMA SANJAYA & DIAN NOVITA

STUDENT WORKSHEET OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE & BONDING

black dots. When you drag a force line from each protons to the
electron, where the direction of motion of each proton relative to one
another.

Repeat this case by putting the electron in different locations, i.e. on the
right location, on the left location, or in location between of the two
protons.

Describe where the location of electron so that their interactions caused

both hydrogen atom cores or protons move closer with each other.
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Summarize the position of electron density distribution in chemical
bonding.
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4. a. Draw a chemical bonding model of hydrogen molecular ion with two
thick black dots mark each hydrogen nucleus A and B which is
connected by the line R. Electron positioned at the location between the
two hydrogen nuclei which connected to point A with r A line and to point
B with rB line.

IGMA SANJAYA & DIAN NOVITA

STUDENT WORKSHEET OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE & BONDING

When a force drown from point A to the electron and also from point B
towards the electron, then explain what the point A (the core of the first
hydrogen atom) and point B (the core of the second hydrogen atom) will
toward each other or away from each other.
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b. Write down in detail the Schrodinger equation to solve the case on the
model 4.a.
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c. Explain why the equation resulting in 4.b. is difficult to be solved.
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d.
Explain what Born-Oppenheimer assumed to resolve cases 4.a.
which can be formulated in the 4.b.
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e.
What is the formulation of equation developed by BornOppenheimer as a result of the simplification of the Schrodinger
equation obtained from section 4.b.
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IGMA SANJAYA & DIAN NOVITA

STUDENT WORKSHEET OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE & BONDING

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IGMA SANJAYA & DIAN NOVITA