INDTRODUCTION CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING LABORATORIUM
MODULE 7
Esterification Reaction
Name

: Steven Valensius

NRP

: 6214072

Partners Name

: Byon Lee

Partners NRP

: 6214036

Practicum Date

: February 18th 2016

Tanggal Pengumpulan

: February 23rd 2016

Assistant s Name

: Clara

Shift

: Friday

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MAJORING

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING FACULTY
PARAHYANGAN CHATOLIC UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG
2016

CHAPTER I
PURPOSE

1. To understand principle of esterification rate for the production of methyl salicylate

2. To understand the procedure for the production of well gandapura oil
3. To get gandapura oil from the reaction of salicylic acid and methanol

CHAPTER II
DATA OBSERVATIONS

Methanol
Salicylic acid
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Saturated NaHCO3
MgSO4 anhydrate
Salicylic Acid + Methanol
Salicylic Acid + Methanol +

: Colorless Liquid
: White Powder
: Colorless Liquid
: Colorless Liquid
: White Powder
: Colorless Liquid (followed by precipitate)

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

After being refluxed
After being distilled
Residue + water
Residue + NaHCO3
Mass Salicylic Acid
Mass of Empty Beaker Glass
Mass of Beaker Glass +
Methyl Salicylate
Mass of Methyl Salicylate
Boiling Point

: Colorless Liquid (followed by precipitate)

: Colorless Liquid (followed by precipitate)
: Methanol content decreases
: formation of 2 phase
: formation of 2 phase
: 28 gram
: 46,1932 gram
: 50,346 gram
: 4,1528 gram
: 61 oC

CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSION

In this experiment, the production of methyl salicylate is made from salicylic acid
and methanol,and the reaction is :
C7H6O3 + CH3OH

C8H8O3 + H2O

The mixture of 28grams salicylate acid plus 81 ml methanol is added by 8 drops of

concentrated sulfuric acid, the purpose of adding 8 drops of sulfuric acid is that
concentrated sulfuric acid act as a catalyst for the reaction. The solution in the Erlenmeyer
flask is refluxed, but before the reflux is started, a boiling stone is added into the flask so
that the solution can boiling perfectly, and this solution is heated for 2.5 hour so that the
reaction rate can be increased. After 2.5 hour, turn off the heater and wait till the solution in

the flask is not produce any bubble or showing boiling indication and the solution is still
being refluxed so that the solution will not be volatilized.
After that, the solution that in the Erlenmeyer flask is moved to distilled flask and
the boiling stone too is moved to the distilled flask. The solution is boiled and distilled
until the methanol on the solution is volatilized until 10 ml, after that the heater is turned
off and then wait till no more methanol is dropping to the beaker glass, and when the
solution is boiling, the temperature is noted, from this experiment the boiling point for
methanol based on this experiment is 61oC. after all the methanol is dropped then the
distillate is moved into separating funnel and 25ml water is added into the separating
funnel, and then the separating funnel is whipped with the right procedure and occasionally
the gas that formed in the separating funnel because of the reaction is removed carefully.
After all the gas is removed then wait till the solution is forming 2 phase, and after 2
phased is formed removed the non-polar phase to a beaker glass which is in this
experiment, methyl salicylate is a non-polar phase and water is polar phase. Throw away
the polar phase or in this case the water and the methyl salicylate that in the beaker glass is
poured again into the separating funnel and this time 25ml Natrium Hypochlorite is added
into the separating funnel, the reaction for this step is :

H2SO4(aq) + 2NaHCO3(aq)

Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2CO2(g)

In this case, the gas that formed from this reaction is bigger than with water, so it takes
more time to whipped and removed the gas, after all the gas wait until the solution is form
2 phase and the Natrium Hypochlorite is a polar phase so methyl salicylate can be united
with Natrium Hypochlorite. Removed the non-polar phase into the beaker glass again and
throw away the polar phase, after that pour again the solution that in the beaker glass into
the separating funnel then 25ml water is added again into the separating funnel, and
removed again the non-polar phase into the beaker glass then throw away the polar phase.
Check pH of the non-polar phase, and based in this experiment the pH from the first wash
is 5. Because the solution is still acid, then do the second wash.
The solution in the beaker glass is poured again into the separating funnel and 10
ml Natrium Hypochlorite is added into the separating funnel and whipped the solution the
removed the gas again carefully and wait till the solution formed 2 phase. Natrium
Hypochlorite which is added into the separating funnel was only 10 ml because the acidity

of the solution is not very high so 10 ml of Natrium Hypochlorite is assumed can

neutralized the solution. Same as before, removed the non-polar phase into the beaker glass
and throw away the polar phase. After that the solution in the beaker glass is added into the
separating funnel again and 25ml water is added into the separated funnel and whipped the
solution and removed the gas carefully and same as before, remove the non-polar phase
and throw away polar phase. Check the pH of methylene salicylate and based in this
experiment the pH for methylene salicylate is 7.
The final solution is added by MgSO4 anhydrate solids and stirred until all the
MgSO4 anhydrate is dissolved and the solution is being filtered by a filter paper so that the
filtrate will contained only methyl salicylate oil. The purpose of adding MgSO4 anhydrate
is for binding the water in the solution, so the filtrate will be only oil phase.
The mass of methyl salicylate in this experiment is 4,1528 gram and %yield for
methyl salicylic is 13,46% and from all the data and calculation the result for %error is
86,536% its because that when doing the reflux, the vapor from the solution is leaked out
from the reflux apparatus so it is made the methyl salicylate volatilized. And from all of
this experiment can be assumed that the factor that affecting esterification rate are :

Temperature
Catalyst
Concentration

The picture for reflux apparatus and distillation apparatus are :

Picture 3.1 Distillation Apparatus

Picture 3.2 Reflux Apparatus

CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSSION

1. Factor that affecting the reaction rate is :

a. Catalyst
b. Temperature
c. Concentration
2. The mass of methyl salicylate in this experiment is 4,1528 gram
3. When doing the reflux, make sure that the apparatus is well set so there will be no
solution that volatilized

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://dokumen.tips/documents/esterifikasi-55ab5a59697ce.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/91488223/esterifikasi#scribd
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/20501/4/Chapter%20II.pdf

http://www.geocities.ws/dcarrd2000/introduction1.html

LITERATURE A

1. Salicylic acid
Formula C7H6O3
Molar mass: 138g/mol
Boiling point: 211C
2. Methanol
Formula: CH3OH
Molar mass: 32. g/mol
Melting point: -97.6C
Boiling point: 64.7C
3. Methyl salicylate:
Formula: C8H8O3
Molar mass: 152g/mol
Melting poing: -9C
Boiling point : 220C
4. Sodium Bicarbonate
Formula: NaHCO3
Molar mass: 84 g/mol

Melting point: 50C

LITERATUR B

Methanol
Salicylic acid
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Saturated NaHCO3
MgSO4 anhydrate
Salicylic Acid + Methanol
Salicylic Acid + Methanol +
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
After being refluxed
After being distilled
Residue + water
Residue + NaHCO3
Mass Salicylic Acid
Mass of Empty Beaker Glass
Mass of Beaker Glass +
Methyl Salicylate
Mass of Methyl Salicylate
Boiling Point

: Colorless Liquid
: White Powder
: Colorless Liquid
: Colorless Liquid
: White Powder
: Colorless Liquid (followed by precipitate)
: Colorless Liquid (followed by precipitate)
: Colorless Liquid (followed by precipitate)
: Methanol content decreases
: formation of 2 phase
: formation of 2 phase
: 28 gram
: 46,1932 gram
: 50,346 gram
: 4,1528 gram
: 61 oC

LITERATURE C
CALCULATION

Methyl Salicylic mass: (beaker glass + methyl salicylic mass) Empty beaker glass mass
Methyl Salicylic mass: (50,346gram ) 46,1932gram = 4,1528gram
Methyl salicylic mol(experiment) : methyl salicylic mass/ methyl salicylic mr
Methyl salicylic mol(experiment) : 4,1528/152.1494 = 0,027294225 mol
Mol salicylic acid : salicylic acid mass/salicylic acid mr
Mol salicylic acid : 28gram/138.121 = 0.20272
%Yield methyl salicylic : (methyl salicylic mol/ mol salicylic acid) x 100%
%Yield methyl salicylic : (0,027294225/0.20272)x100% = 13,46%
mol methyl salicylic(theoretical, coefficient ratio) :1/1 x 0.20272 = 0.20272
%error = |0.20272-0,027294225|/0.20272 x 100% = 86,536%