ROADMAP FOR PREPARATION OF RESEARCH PROJECT

Teams name:
MEQ Lego.

Research Topic:
At first, the subject researched was based on the massive discard of solid waste
stemmed of civil constructions and demolition (RCCD), posteriorly in the large amount
of high density polyethylene (HDPE) accumulation in landfills.
According to the Brazilian Association for Construction Waste Recycling and
Demolition (Abrecon) Brazil dismisses eight billion reais a year because it does not
recycle its products. To get an idea, the figures indicate that almost 60% of solid waste
from the cities, comes from construction, and 70% of this total could be reduced.
(eCycle).
As seen, much of the waste generated from the civil construction and demolition
can be reused, because the debris is usually an inert material. Therefore, the reuse
generates great benefits. The same occurs with HDPE, considering that one hundred
million plastic materials manufactured annually, are made of this material. Moreover,
the High Density Polyethylene has several positive characteristics, such as high quality
when it refers to its corrosion resistance, durability and flexibility. It is remarkable that,
it has considerable resistance to water, gas oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Among the benefits from recycling HDPE, there is the reduction of 33% in
energy consumption, 90% in water consumption, 66% in carbon dioxide emissions,
33% in sulfur dioxide emissions and 50% in nitrous oxide.
Both materials are of great benefit when reused. Despite that, when discarded
mainly improperly, can cause enormous damage as much as society as nature, this being
one of the main victims. In most cases the improper disposal is configured as
environmental assaults and even as a health issue which endangers public health. It is
emphasized that the RCCD and HDPE have as their final destination the landfills.
However, the huge accumulation of these materials decreases the useful life of the
landfills.
On the purpose of reduce the disposal of these materials and implement the 21 st
principle of the Environmental and Development statement of Rio de Janeiro (RIO/92)
which teenagers seek to achieve sustainable development based on creativity, was
obtained the idea of creating a new material which requires the use of solid wastes and
the high density polyethylene materials.

Researchs Question/Issue
The identified problem refers to the negative externalities generated by the
disposal of solid waste from civil construction. According to researches, this is one of
the most discarded wastes per day when compared to others, especially in cities such as
Belo Horizonte MG. The rubble consists in 52,9% of all the generated wastes,
followed by the household waste. Meanwhile, most of the time is illegally deposited in
vacant lots, rivers and streams, roads and sidewalks, making it suitable for venomous
insect accommodation, spread diseases, waterways siltation and pollution.
Subsequently, there is high density polyethylene packages, this one made of ethylene
gas or oil byproduct. Furthermore, it is one of the most disposed materials over the
world, whereas that approximately 100 million tons of plastic materials are made of this
specific material by year.
Therefore, aiming an appropriate and a viable solution to these problems, the
researchs question is: What is done with construction waste and plastic packaging of
high density polyethylene?

Information Sources:
1. ALVARENGA, Paulo. Proteo Jurdica do Meio Ambiente. So Paulo: Lemos e
Cruz, 2005. 230 p.
2. ASSOCIAO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TCNICAS. Resduos Slidos: NBR
10.004. 2004. 71p.
3. BIBLIOTECA VIRTUAL. Reciclagem: Entulho. Available in:
<http://www.bibliotecavirtual.sp.gov.br/temas/meio-ambiente/reciclagem.php>. Access
date: November 7th, 2015.
4. BNDES. Polietileno. Available in: <
http://www.bndes.gov.br/SiteBNDES/export/sites/default/bndes_pt/Galerias/Arquivos/c
onhecimento/set orial/gs4_05.pdf>. Access date: November 12nd, 2015.
5. BRASIL, Anna Maria; SANTOS, Ftima. Equilbrio Ambiental e Resduo na
Sociedade Moderna. 3 Ed. So Paulo: Brasil Sustentvel Editora, 2007. 255 p.
6. CANDIAN, Lvia Matheus. Estudo do polietileno de alta densidade reciclado para
uso em elementos estruturais. 2007. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de So Paulo.

7. DA SILVA SPINAC, Mrcia Aparecida; DE PAOLI, Marco Aurelio. A tecnologia da

reciclagem de polmeros. Quim. Nova, v. 28, n. 1, p. 65-72, 2005.
8. MANO, Eloisa. Polmeros como materiais de engenharia. 3 ed. So Paulo: Edgard
Blcher LTDA, 2003. 197 p.
9. MEZNCIO, Pedro. Entrevista com o Tcnico em Meio Ambiente Pedro Mezncio
na empresa Anglo American plc nibio.
ROTEIRO PARA ELABORAO DO PROJETO DE PESQUISA
10. MILES, Derek Cyril; BRISTON, John Herbert. Tecnologia dos polmeros.
Poligono/Ed. da, 1975.
11. PAIVA, Carlos; SILVA, Clio; BERNARDES, Suzana. Viabilidade econmica de
uma usina de reciclagem de entulho em Catalo-GO. Available in: <
http://www.ibeas.org.br/congresso/Trabalhos2012/III-036.pdf>. Access date: November
12nd, 2015.
12. RABELO, Dayane. Coleta e Reciclagem de resduos da construo civil. Braslia:
SEBRAE, 2012. 75p.
13. SPOSTO, Rosa. Os resduos da construo: problema ou soluo. Revista Espao
Acadmico, n 61, Junho, 2006.
14. TERA. Obra sustentvel: saiba mais sobre a reciclagem dos resduos da construo
civil. Available in: < http://www.teraambiental.com.br/blog-da-tera-ambiental/obrasustentavel-saiba-mais-sobre-a-reciclagem-dos-residuos-da-construcao-civil>. Access
date: November 11st, 2015.

Searchs Summary:
First of all, the large disposal of civil construction and demolition wastes was
studied, as well as the disposal of high density polyethylene package. These types of
materials have as final destination the landfills. Despite that they are often improperly
discarded in vacant lots, rivers, streams, streets and sidewalks. Therefore, both the
wastes besides harming nature are seen as a public health problem.
Estimates show that almost 60% of cities solid wastes come from the civil
construction. Since 70% of this total could be reused. On the one hand, there are
currently many debates about the importance of managing these wastes because
although civil construction has an important role as socioeconomic development. On the
other hand, there are major problems from an environmental point of view.

The recycling of civil constructions waste in Brazil is an incipient process,

when compared to European countries. This process started after the ECO-92, held in
Rio de Janeiro, where were established some local environmental goals, such as the
production and evaluation of buildings in order to sustainable development. Therefore,
it has been studied a greatest number of goods, with the least amount of natural
resources and less pollution.
The entailed benefits by the use of recycled waste are as much environmental as
social and economic. According to the Brazilian Association for Civil Construction and
Demolition Waste Recycling (Abrecon Associao Brasileira para Reciclagem de
Resduos de Construo Civil e Demolio, in Portuguese) Brazil dismisses eight
billion reais a years because they there is not a waste recycling.
By recycling, the pollution can be minimized, bearing in mind that it is
associated with several problems. Currently, even with a large number of guidelines,
criteria and procedures for the management of construction waste established by
Resolution No. 307/2002 there are people who insist on disposing waste incorrectly.
The construction wastes, when collected for recycling, go through two steps, the
first one named grinding, and the second named fractional separation stage. In this one,
the residues are divided into different classes, one of them named sand, which was
used in our design.
Also, were done studies on HDPE which is the raw material of approximately
100 million tons of new products. This type of plastic is obtained from the
polymerization of gaseous ethylene monomer (H2C = CH2). Therefore, it can be
classified as a thermoplastic, which melts by heat, and solidifies by cooling and can be
dissolved in solvents. Moreover, regarding its mechanical behavior, it is classified as
plastic, as it gets an elastic modulus range that fits the mold.
Among the materials from HDPE, it has packaging for detergents and
automotive oils, bags of supermarkets, crates, caps, waters drums, pots, housewares and
any material that contains the number 2, according the technical standard plastics NBR
1323: 2008.
As research, about 30% of the HDPE world consumption earmark to the
proceeding of blow molding products, wherein the most part is used in bottles for
hygiene and food products. It should be noted that the range of materials come from
high density polyethylene is also given for its high quality, durability, flexibility and
corrosion resistance.
However, it is responsible for a large part of the waste found in landfills or even
in other sites deemed inappropriate. Therefore, recycling this polyethylene could be also
successful both in the social field, as in the economic and environmental. Some of its
benefits are: reduction of 33% in energy consumption, 90% in water consumption, 66%

in carbon dioxide emissions, 33% on the sulfur dioxide and 50% in the emissions of
nitrous oxide. Moreover, the recycling of HDPE allows no accumulation of this in
landfills, given that it takes hundreds of years to decompose.
Aiming not only the reuse of high density polyethylene and civil construction
wastes, as well as extending the life of landfills and mitigation of problems caused by
the large amount of inappropriate waste disposal, was developed a new and viable way
to reuse this kind of waste. Its about creating a solid material by using HDPE and waste
construction.

Proposed Solution
The proposed solution is to create a solid material, using civil construction waste
and high density polyethylene. With de fusion of these materials, - HDPE and sand
(fraction from the recycling of the civil construction waste) - the result will be used to
replace other materials, such as wood, cement and even asphalt. With the production of
this new material, varied applications could be sought in the production of objects, such
as desks, benches, streets, sidewalks, walls, and among other possibilities.

Existing Solutions Revised

The process of recycling civil construction waste, which obtains fine aggregates,
involves the selection of recyclable materials of the rubble, the milling in suitable
equipment and the classification according to the composition and the particle size.
They are divided into classes A, B, C and D. Class A is the category of wastes such as
bricks, tiles, roof tiles, etc. Class B, contains waste such as paper, plastics, metals, glass,
and others. Class C is waste that can not be recycled or recovered, which causes the loss
of the material. Class D, is the waste which is hazardous to heath and the environment,
and can be flammable, reactive, pathogenic, etc.
In Brazil, waste recycling stills very low, because of the considerable economic
problems and the pressing social problems, that is the main theme of political
discussions, rather than an exception, the cement and steel industry, which continues
practicing this recycling.
The recycling of HDPE uses many processes. One of them is the Mechanical
Recycling, using methods of separation, grinding, washing, drying and reprocessing of
the polymeric residue. They are selected from the same types of materials, then are
melted and molded into smalls granules, subsequently used for other purposes.
The recycled polymer can be obtained through four distinct categories: primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The definition of these classes can be obtained from
ASTM D 50033-00 Standard Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to

Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics ( Guia Padro de Desenvolvimento de ASTM

normas relativas Reciclagem e uso de plsticos reciclados in portuguese). These
categories are grouped into three techniques: mechanical, chemical and energy.
The chemical recycling uses the method of depolymerization by solvolysis
(hydrolysis, alcoholysis and amylose), or also by thermal methods, using the processes
as low and high temperature pyrolysis. There is also the thermal/catalytic methods used,
as well as pyrolysis, the selective catalysts.

Sharing of Research and Solution

The project was shared with instructor and experts in various areas of our
institution, such as the area of Chemistry, Electrical, Management and Mechanical.
With Potential Beneficiaries
First, was made a visit at the Landfill of our city (Catalo Gois)