Female Education Thesis

Chapter # 1
INTRODUCTION
It is the architect of Almighty Allah that no two persons are alike in their measurable
characteristics e.g. weight, height and colour etc. In the same way, psychological
characteristics such as intelligence aptitude, behaviour and attitude are also different from
each other. Psychologists believe that each individual is unique and unlike others, Due to
individual differences. There are differences in different aspects of life, apart from physical,
emotional, intellectual and social differences, sex differences are there in childrens
(Shahid.S.M, 2010). There are different kinds of individuals in our society and everyone has
his own attitude about different things.
According to prophet Muhammad (SAW) seeking of knowledge is obligatory for
every Muslim men and women. In the early days of Islam HazaratHafsa, Umm-e-Kalsoom,
Ayesha Bint Saad and many others women had better command over reading and writing and
of course they were literate. We are Muslims and leaving in an Islamic country. Islam gives
equal rights and rights of education of men and women. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) greatly
emphasized over the education of women.
Our country is one of the populous country of the world having about 120 million
people out of which 50% are female, but their characteristics in the achievement of society is
low. Developed countries have a hundred percent literacy rate while the literacy rate in
Pakistan is about 49.9% which is very low.
The complexity of modern age has changed the whole pattern of human life. No
country can make progress and prosperity of all the developing countries. A network of
educational institutions is needed in this respect. It is not possible without positive of the
people in general.
The fact of discrimination against women is a worldwide phenomenon depending
upon the number of factors. Women do not enjoy educational opportunities. Everywhere in
the world they are given less opportunity of education. Even today, millions of woman lives
in a state of illiteracy.
Education is considered to be the essential instrument of development and self
fulfilment for women but most of them never got a chance to become educated.
The literacy rate in Pakistan in 1982-83 was 23.5% while that of male was 32%. In
rural area the literacy rates of female 5.7%. The literacy rate in 1992 has been estimated as
32%. In this % age only 13.7 women are educated which is very low rate of literacy. The
literacy rate in rural areas was 14.8%.out of which the rate of female literacy was 5.5%. The
literacy situation is not satisfactory in Pakistan, especially in the Pakhtunkhwa.
In Pakistan the participation rate is at primary level of both sex in 1982-83 was 48%
in which boys were 68% and girls were 32%. The participation of rural girls was 20% and
the target of 75 & for boys and girls. The enrolment ratio of the female at the secondary level
is 13% and at the university level is 0.5%. This situation justifies special arrangements to be
made especially at the higher level, in rode to enhance the participation rate of female in
education. In EFA Primary education has been assigned top priority. Universalization of
primary education in terms of universal enrolment latest by 2010 I case of boys and 2015 in
case of girls is the vowed goal and target of national, provincial and district EFA plans
( Iqbal, 2010).
2
In some of the countries the problem of female education has been solved up to a
great extent with the help of co-education, however where there are some institutes of coeducation there may be negative attitudes of parents.
A very little is being done to improve the extinct of attitudes towards education
among the Pakistani families. In this study the researcher has investigated the attitude of
parents towards the education of girls in District Dera Ismail Khan.
Main purpose of the study was to investigate the kind of attitude parents have towards
educati on of their daughters. These areas are not provided the educational facilities special in
the field of female education. Main thing to discover that what kind of attitude parents have
towards the education of girls, what are the reasons of positive or negative attitude into
positive attitude so that education of girls can be promoted in District Dera Ismail Khan.
In this study the researcher has tried to determine the attitude of educated and
uneducated parents towards females education in District Dera Ismail Khan.
1.1
Statement of the problem
The problem under study was A Comparative Study of Educated and Uneducated Parents
towards Female Education in rural and urban areas of District Dera Ismail Khan
1.2
Objectives of the Study
Following were the main objectives of the study:

1)
To find out the extent of views of educated parents and Uneducated Parents towards
Female Education in rural and urban areas of District Dera Ismail Khan.
2)
To find out the significant difference between the views of educated parents who are
resident of rural and urban areas of District Dera Ismail Khan.
3)
To find out the significant difference between the views of uneducated parents who
are resident of rural and urban areas of District Dera Ismail Khan.
1.3
Research Questions
1)
What is view of educated parents of rural and urban areas about females education?
2)
What is view of uneducated parents of rural and urban areas about females
education?
1.4
Significance of the Study
1)
The study may be significant because the results of this study may provide a guide
line to make efforts for the promotion of the education of girls.
2)
The study may be helpful in determining the view of parent towards the education of
girls.
3)
This study may become a baseline for others researchers regarding promotion of
views of parents towards the education of girls.
4)
This study may be helpful in changing the negative views of parents towards the
education of girls.
1.5
Limitations of the Study
Due to unavailability of standardised questionnaire, teacher made validated and reliable

questionnaire was used for data collection.D.I.Khan.
1.6
Delimitations of the Study
The study was delimited to rural and urban areas of District D.I.Khan.
Only 80 parents were selected for the data collection.
Chapter # 2
REVIWE OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1
Definition of Attitude
The concept of attitude in the wider sense is expressed in definition given by different
persons.
JohnC.Ruch (1984) has defined attitude as Enduring general evaluation are feeling
about something often, closeting related to cognitive beliefs about and behavior towards the
person or object.
Philosopher L. Harriman defines in his book, Handbook of psychological term on
page 17.
A readiness to respond in certain way, when in a certain way the appropriate
situation occurs a mental set.
According to C. V. Good: Attitude is the predisposition or tendency to react specially
towards object, situation our value usually accompanied by feelings and action. An attitude is
a highly complex phenomenon may be broadly define as A relatively stable system or an
organization of behaviour displayed by an individual towards a particular object, person,
event, issue or symbol, and this mental organization usually has effective , cognitive and
action components which may interact and influence an individuals behaviour.
2.2
Female Education in Pakistan

Ahmad Anis (1984) Education of women is the most effective channel for the
inequalities between men and women and ensuring the maximum participation of women, in
the development process. Literacy rate is the first indicator of development in education in
6
any society. Educational statistics indicate wide differences in male and female literacy rate
in all areas of Pakistan, both among urban and rural population, rural female literate, literacy
figures of other provinces are also not encouraging but the most deprived of the population in
this respect, remains the rural females.
Bennett L &Pye J (2003) female education in Pakistan faced a fundamental dilemma.
Traditional social values do not allow for the full integration a participation of women in
social and economic activities. This situation makes it very difficult and perhaps impossible
in many cases for education to overcome the barriers of isolation proposal to create separate
womens facilities add enormously to cost. But there is a more fundamental problem. This is
the philosophical issues of determining the nature and purpose of womens education. Is
womens education to be basically limited to domestic skills like sewing and cooking? The
vocational dimension of women education is a key part of most proposals and plans. But
what is the point of such an undertaking? Is it the intention for the government to change the
nation diet? One might conceive of such a thing with a fair measure of imagination, should
there be the need for the different cropping system. But that is not the cause for formal
schooling is not required to teach people what they already learned quite well from their
parents. While vocational programs are an important element in tootle educational
endeavour, limiting women to Home economics and related subjects falls short of meeting
the needs of society.
Berson M (1996) female is the vital and central element of society. Without her
participation the society will be unbalanced. a good society is the one which is cleared from
all society eviler. For this purpose education is must. Therefore we cannot think about a good
and balanced society without female education. This education is very necessary for women.
7
Now the idea about female education has changed. Today the education girls are almost as
common phenomena as the education boys. The condition of girls is now recognized due to
the reason, that when a mother is educated. So her children will also be educated. There for
university education is becoming increasingly popular among women, in Pakistan the
university education is a co-educational system. This system of education has created new
problems. This is a crying need for opening separate institution for women.
Bolick C et al (2003) Female education in Pakistan is still at its stage. It is because of
the following reason.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Due to old sayings and culture norms.

Due to religion obstruction.
Due to less attention of parents.
Due to less attention of government.
We should realize the importance of female education and give full attention to its
improvement.
Braun J (1997) the academic fields of study available in girls collage the situation is
slowly improving. Increasing female enrolments in professional colleges and universities
required that they have broad educational background. Home economics collages heavily
oriented in the direction of domestic science. Female education driven to much greater extent
than for males by cultural and religious dictates. One the other hand girls collages are largely
free of the political intrigue that affectmans collages and all universities. Rarely do the girls
even protest school issues although out breaks of ill health traced to poor food or water
provoke them the assert themselves. Girls education is less jobs market oriented that it is the
product of a finishing school philosophy. Most girls marry at an early age and many
withdraw from school before completing a degree. Few ever return once they have
8
established the family of their own. Often these dropouts have succumbed to family pressure.
One frequently hears from female students at university level those relatives continually ask
them why they want more education. It is time to get married and have a family. The
numbers of woman gaining employment, however, is increasing they have benefited
especially from the expansion of education almost all the staff at girls, school in woman. The
numbers of woman to be found in other areas of government services, including and police
and security service, is also growing.
Britton (1986) there are an increasing number of job opening for woman in select fields
such as medicine, dentistry, architecture and computer and some of these opportunities
ironically, derive from the social isolation of women. Most traditional people would never
allow male physician to examine women. The same is true with dentistry. Thus at least half
of the medical profession must be female if the service is to reach that part of the population.
Architecture appeals to women, because of its hominoid interior design elements. Modern
technology has opened up many possibilities for female employment. One of these is
computer science, which attract May females students at the university level. Because of its
newness, the computer field is not perceived as an exclusively male job category. Text books
and other teaching materials, and approaches pose special problems for female education.
Many of the books used at the upper secondary and collage levels are produced in the United
States and England. The cultural milieu from which these books have come on occasion does
not harmonize with local needs and cultural idiosyncrasies. One is a greater degree of
freedom from bureaucratic control and meddling. Another is the general absence of the
disruptive of political parties and the politicization of students.
2.3
Problems of Female Education in Pakistan

9
Ema E and Ajayi D T (2004) a numbers of problems are responsible for the low
participation of girls children particularly at lower level. Some of the impotent problem
given as follows.
1. The non-availability of local teachers.
2. The dearth of trained qualified teachers.
3. The unwillingness of females teachers to serve in the rural areas.
4. Lake of absence of transport facilities.
5. Non-availability of suitable residence.
6. Insecurity that lives in isolated areas.
7. Lake of accountability.
8. Centralization of powers curtailing initiative at lower level.
9. Inadequacy of supervisory staff.
10. Insufficient arrangement for in service training.
11. Irrelevant curricula.
12. Poverty of parents.
13. Other culture, social and religious considerations inhibiting girlseducation.
14. Lake of school community and relationship.
15. Lake of absence of commitment on the part of public.
16. Financial constraints of the governments, a fair excess according low priority to
lower education.
2.4
Problem of Female in Co-Education

Descy D (1992) some of the most important problem faced by in co-education are:
1. Male dominated administration.
2. Culture and religious hindrance.
3. Misbehaviour of male (student/teacher).
4. Problem of adequate utilization of school facilities.
5. Immoral affairs.
6. Adequate participation in co-curricular activities.
7. Insecurity.
8. Biased treatment in examination.
9. Transportation.
10. Lack of expression of feelings.
11. Low participation on discussion.
12. Discrimination on the part of teachers.
13. Wrong information from the teachers.
14. Discrimination on the part of male staff.
10
2.5
Changing Status of Woman

Diem R (2000) the human beings have been divided into two categories of man
women. Upton the 19th century women were looked upon as a soulless doll whose main
profession was to obey and entertain her husband. As Ruskin has put it. A true wife in her
husbands house is his servant; it is in his heart that she is queen Much water has flown under
the bridge science man had this attitude towards women. Today women claims as well as
enjoy almost equal rights with men. They openly soft at the old theories about women status
education more than any things else was the root cause of the emancipation of women, with
education came the realization that she could do what man had done. England granted
suffrage to women immediately after the First World War at present a number of women are
members of the parliament in almost all countries of the world. Some of the even hold
important offices. In Pakistan, too women are working as typist in offices, as doctors in
hospital, teachers in schools and colleges and members in the parliament. In certain
countries, notably, in Russia and Japan, they were trained as soldiers to serve in the 2 nd World
War. The 1st person to swim across the English channels was also a woman.
All this can be said of women and the fact remains those they still from a number of
legal disabilities. There are still many persons, who strongly disapprove of womens rights
they believe that man is for the field and women for the home, man for the sword and
workman for the needle, man to command and women to obey, they feed offended, when
they find women rushing cars cycling lovely on the roads. Tennyson discovered long age, the
womens because is mans the rise and sink together. On the whole, the status of women is
Pakistan has considerably improved in the recent decades. Causes of the backwardness of the
female in education
11
Hobbs M (1996) a number of cause are responsible for the non-enrolment of female
in education is:1. Poverty and diseases.
2. Social and Religions factor.
3. Geographical dispersal.
4. Rigidity of formal system.
5. In adequate physical facilities.
6. Out mode curricula and textbooks.
7. Apathetic attitude of parent towards girls education.
8. Early marriages.
9. Lack of trained female teachers particularly in rural areas.
10. Shortage of female teachers at lower level.
11. Absence of vocation and its relevance.
12. Low status of teachers.
13. Felling of insecurity of female teachers.
14. Inadequate training facilities for female teachers.
15. Unattractive schools environment absence of female teachers
16. Inefficient system of suspension.
17. Lack of competent supervisory.
18. Inadequate provision of in-service training.
19. The language of the book is different of mother tongue of children.
2.6
Woman Status In Pakistan

A Lockhead M E (1993)woman in Pakistan has begun to take an active part in smooth
conduction of the life process. In part the job opportunities for women were scanty. Now
women work as a lady doctor, nurses, health visitors and teachers. It means that spheres from
females now are greater than ever before. They complete successfully in the central superior
services examination. They are holding responsible position in administration, custom,
income tax, railway, Forgein service and police and portal department. Some of them are
members of National and Provincial Assemblies.
2.7
Women as Girl Guides
12
JoffK (1995)Girls guide in British organization of girls. Baden-Powell and his sister
Lady Agnes established it in 1910. The main objective of this movement is to make teen-age
girls conscious of their status in society. A member of girls guide is given a variety of
programs that shape her character. She learns, in association with other girls guides, how to
keep herself clean and healthy. She is instructed in building her moral and social character.
She learns acts about courtesy and etiquette. Furthermore, a girl guide is taught how to
develop a house making ability. Her barns a house hold skills like cooking, knitting,
stitching, planning and maintenance. In Pakistan, the status of women is not like that of men
in any walks of life. Their position is based upon the local tradition and culture. In some parts
of our country the women are treated very cruelly.
The worldwide data indicates that a large percentage of female (women) are illiterate.
The literacy rate in Pakistan in 1982-83 was 23.5% while that of male was 32%. In rural are
the literacy rate of female 4.7%. The literacy rate in 1992 has been estimated as 32%. In this
%age only 13.7% women are educated which is very low rate of literacy was 5.5%. The
literacy situation is not satisfactory in Pakistan, especially in the K.P.K.
In Pakistan the participation rate at primary level of both sex. In 1982-83 was 48% in
which boy were 63% and girls were 32%. The participation of rural girls was 20% and the
target of 75% for boys and girls. The enro;;ment ratio of the female at each secondary level is
13% and at the University level is higher level, in rode to enhance the participation rate of
female in education.
The conclusion of a book entitled with the education and advancement of women by
Jacqueline Chabaud(1974) reveals. Experience in the forty-seven countries, which have
13
chosen co-education, proves, on the contrary, that co-education increases educational

opportunity for girls both qualitatively. An international survey covering 54000 school in
eleven countries(Australia, Belgium, Finland, France,, Federal, Republic of Germany, Israel,
Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, United states) emphasize the advantages of coeducation for girls: 133000 pupils of both sexes, divided into two age groups (13-and 18old), were asked to reply to 155 questions aimed at determining the reason why pupils
succeed or fail in mathematics.
JoffK (1995) the analysis of result, proceed electronically. Refutes many established
ideas. The results by country place Japan at head, for the United Kingdome. The result of sex
are however, of particular interest. In separate schools, boy abstains better results than girls.
In mixed schools, girls are better at mathematics than boys. Why? No doubt because of
healthy competition, and above all for psychological reason; teacher at a mixed school expect
as much form girls as from boys, Whereas teachers in girls school often show no enthusiasm
for mathematics an following tradition, do not encourage their pupils to peruse their study of
this subject.
Such results should promote the development of co-education. Where they are not the
prisoners of sociological circumstances, girls are in fact as gifted for mathematics as boys.
Another boo entitles, Muslim women and Higher Education. A case for separate institution
for women by Ahmad (1948) concluded that,: That co-education in the west as well as in past
35 years of our secular educational experiment has not been able to deliver the goods,
appears a passed. There cannot be two opinion about ineptness of co-education in a
framework based on the Quran, Sunnah and the practice of the Shaba. An Islamic society,
economy, political system and family is based on clearly defined roles of men and women.
14
The underlying principle is that equity and justice and not blind equality should determine
the equation between man and women. Each one has a dignified, honourable, respectable and
specialized role to pay in different level of social stratification of roles.
Therefore to think that a Ph.D. in Engineering, Chemistry or Philosophy is a
professional while one who specializes in home engineering or personality development or
child psychology is just a housewife (a derogatory economically un-quantifiable and
unproductive person) is indicative of professional colour blindness and male chauvinism.
Even in a secular capitalist society of the U.S, sociologists are raising the issue in an
intelligent way. As an economist unit, the household is a small business enterprise in which
husband and frequently, wives invest cast(their earnings) and labour (mostly female) in order
to generate a predictable flow of males, clean both ingot repair, comfortable and attractive
surroundings, transportation, and entertainment, not to mention minor medical treatment,
instruction and pastoral service of advice, comfort and re-assurance. Consequently from an
economic point of view, when a home is view as only a bedroom, a sitting room and a dining
room where services are hired from outside and not generated in the home, it become a
mechanical lifeless entity. Islamic vision presumes creation of a home not merely a house. A
home provides for material as well as emotional and interpersonal satisfaction. This cannot
be achieved when the primary roles of men and women are confused.
According to the research study of Z.M.Ishan on the topic of the problems of female
teacher in District Tank in 1990 of female teacher of co-education schools indicates that,
20% of female teachers were threatened immorally as well as their due salaries were not
paid to them accordingly, never in their in teaching period extended from five to twelve
years.
15
QaisarShaheen (1992) (unpublished research thesis) shows some crucial problems

faced by female students in co-educational institutions including, most of the females have
insecurity problems in co-operative environment. Education is a modern idea. According to
the Websters Dictionary education is the Educational system in which students of both sexes
are free to attend classes together.
According to Oxford Dictionary female education of boys and girls together.
According to Websters II riverside university dictionary the system of education in which
men and women attend the same institution or class.
2.8
Co-Education as a Problem for Girls Students

Joff K (1995) co-education is a modern idea. For the first time it was introduced and
adopted in Switzerland, but now even the very backward countries of Asia seem to favour
this system. In western countries like U.S.A. France and England, Female education at the
college level is consider more favourable even by our leading educationists and the day is not
far away when people will be obliged to admit to as an established system. At present there is
co-education only in a few colleges of our country. The supporters of this system plead in
favour of co-education mainly on two grounds i-e. First economical and the other social. In a
poor country like ours, where the economy is already got encouraging, they say how it is
possible to maintain separate laboratories for boys and girls in almost all institution.
Moreover they plead; it is unwise and uneconomical to have two colleges, where one can
serve the purpose for both the boys and girls. As a lot a lot of money is required to set up
laboratories, libraries and work show in vocational colleges, hay think it is sheer waste of
money to maintain a double system of education. The other points the put forward with a still
16
greater force in concerning the social contests which co-education provides for the two sexes
The supporters of co-education believe that if the young boys and girls are educated together
they will develop a lot of mutual understanding which may be helpful in their future life men
and women. They also believe that nothing helps social contact between young boys and girls
more promptly that free mixing and it is be provided by the system of co-education. And
boys and girls study the same lesson under the guides of the same teacher. They come to
know their mutual problems better than they otherwise would, and in this way, they now
more about the nature and test of the opposite sex. The supporters of this system also that his
system makes boy less coarse and girls less shy as each sex against dignity in the eyes of the
opposite side. The girls get read of their shyness and boys of their natural reluctance.
Naturally this situation effects the formation of their corrector.
Thus they co-education broadens the outlook both of the boys and girls and enable
them to understand the world in a better way more this system also help the country to bring
its youth at an equal level.
2.9
Problem Created by Co-Education

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The children reach age of maturity very soon.

This system is opposite to our norms and values.
This system does not coincide to our religion.
The boys become a goat in the society of female.
The opposite sexes cannot work separately.
Both sexes waste much of their time and capital to improve their personality.
In a country like Pakistan, where the number of colleges is vey few as compared to the
number of students desirous to get higher education, our classes are already overcrowded and
17
it is quite easy to have separate full flagged colleges for boys and girls. Co-education is only
in such cases where the number of students is very small and one college can do the job for
both. Moreover, one should not forget that we (Pakistani) will have a great regards for our
religions, which prohibits such a free mixing of two sexes as co-education proposes to bring.
Therefore we should not swallow the about of sake of few chips which can, ofcourse, be
saved by universal co-education in our young people good cities of the existing society and
not rebels and not rebels against it.Therefore,co-education is not a fit system for our country
Pakistan.
The studying of boys and girls in one and the same school, college or university is
called co-education. It was first introduced in Switzerland then it gained popularity in other
countries of Europe. Now even the most backward countries of the world have adopted it to
some extent. It has been introduced at primary, professional and post-graduate level in
Pakistan.
The backwardness of a country depends mainly of the percentage of illiteracy. The
percentage of literacy is fairly large among men in the world but it reaches alarming figures
in case of women. So for the progress of a country, education for women is very essential.
Women for almost half of the population of a country are bound to lag behind.
Schwartz R and Orfield G (2001) Women play a very important role in the society. So
there are main advantages of education for women. A woman must be conversant with her
cities as citizen of a state. She should be aware the part she has to play in porgies of the
nation. She must understand her country. And to know all this she must be properly educated.
Women cannot become good citizens if they are UN-educated.An educated mother can serve
18
the country in the country in the sense that she can produce good citizens. The alarming
figure infant mortality is mostly due to the ignorance on the part of the mothers are
superstitious. They do not have elementary medical knowledge. Education can improve a lot
the unfortunate state of affairs. Education mother will give the nation healthy, enlightened
and decently brought up children.
All above description shows that education for women is very essential but the women
will be educated? Demand for universal education cannot be met without opening thousands
of new schools. It requires fabulous amount of many to achieve this objective when separate
school or colleges are to be built for boys and girls. It is unwise and uneconomical to have
two colleges where only one can serve the purpose both for the boys and girls. These
problems can be solved with the help of co-education, where the male and female students
are collectively educated within the same institution.
19
Chapter # 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Population
All the parents residing in D.I.Khan rural and urban areas comprised the population of the
study.
3.2
Sample
Convenient sampling technique was used for data collection.A representative sample of 40
parents from urban and 40 parents from rural areas of D.I.Khan. Out of these 40 parents
from urban were 20 educated and 20 uneducated parents. Similar out of these 40 parents
from rural were 20 educated and 20 were uneducated.
3.3
Sampling Technique
Convenient sampling technique used the selection of rural and urban areas form selected
population.
3.4
Instrument
The researcher used herself made questionnaire in the supervision of Supervisor. It was then
made valid and reliable before data collection.
3.5
Data Collection
The researcher personally visited different urban and rural areas for the collection of data.
20
3.5
Statistical Analysis
Mean and standard deviation of responses obtain through questionnaire of educated and
uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were calculated.
All the above computed with calculated value of 0.05, level of significance for tabulated
value 2.132 degree of freedom.
21
Chapter # 4
PRESENTATION AND ANALYIS OF DATA

Table No 4.1
Education as the basic right of girls
Category
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educated
36.33
54.28
Uneducat
ed
21.67
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.459
2.132
10.41
This table shows that the calculate value of t=0.459 and tabulated value of t=2.132 with 4
degree of freedom. It means that educated parents from rural and urban areas were agreed
that education is the basic right of girls where as uneducated parents from rural and urban
areas were disagreed.
Table No 4.2
Our religion favor about male and females education
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educate
d
34.33
50.89
Uneduc
ated
21.67
Categor
y
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.422
t-tab
2.132
10.41
22
that oue religion favor about male and females education where as uneducated parents from
rural and urban areas were disagreed.
Table No 4.3
An educated girl is the main pillar of a good society
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educate
d
38
60.63
Uneduc
ated
31
Categor
y
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.176
2.132
32.97
that an educated girl is the main pillar of a good society where as uneducated parents from
Table No 4.4
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
34.33
48.21
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.577
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 17.67
13.20
ated
Education necessary for decisions making
23
that education necessary for decisions making where as uneducated parents from rural and
urban areas were disagreed.
24
Table No 4.5
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
36.67
56.58
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.494
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 20.33
9.07
ated
Money essential rather than education
that money essential rather than education where as uneducated parents from rural and urban
Table No 4.6
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
37.33
56.08
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.597
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 17.33
14.64
ated
Education not essential for girls
that education not essential for girls where as uneducated parents from rural and urban areas
were disagreed.
25
Table No 4.7
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
33.33
41.36
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.479
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 21
16.64
ated
Girls should be active inside the home
that girls should be active inside the home where as uneducated parents from rural and urban
Table No 4.8
Girls had better limited to only households
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educate
d
35.67
52.25
Uneduc
ated
21
Categor
y
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
t-tab
0.4717
2.132
13.07
26
that girls had better limited to only households where as uneducated parents from rural and
27
Table No 4.9
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
27
29.81
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
t-tab
0.332
2.132
Uneduc 21
9.54
ated
They should be provided with an Islamic education
that girls should be provided with an islamic education where as uneducated parents from
Table No 4.10
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
35.33
52.54
Level of
significance
t-cal
X=0.05
0.549
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 18.33
10.40
ated
Girls cannot be equal to men
that girls cannot be equal to men where as uneducated parents from rural and urban areas
were disagreed.
28
29
Table No 4.11
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
34
43.41
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.459
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 22
12.77
ated
Educated girls can assist their hubbies in their work
educated girls can assist their hubbies in their work where as uneducated parents from rural
and urban areas were disagreed.
Table No 4.12
Girls can not only facilitate her hubbies but also can do work with them shoulder to
shoulder
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educate
d
33
36.86
Uneduca
ted
19
Categor
y
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.636
2.132
9.54
that girls can not only facilitate her hubbies but also can do work with them shoulder to
shoulder where as uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.
30
Table No 4.13
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
36
54.56
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.451
2.132
Uneduc 21.67
6.80
ated
Education is the obligatory part for girls in the modern world
education is the obligatory part for girls in the modern world where as uneducated parents
from rural and urban areas were disagreed.
Table No 4.14
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
36.33
51.79
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.569
2.132
Uneduc 19
9.54
ated
Girls get married on the basis of their good education
that girls get married on the basis of their good education where as uneducated parents from
31
32
Table No 4.15
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
32
45.43
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.524
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 17.67
13.20
ated
Girls should get education till 10th class
that girls should get education till 10th class where as uneducated parents from rural and
Table No 4.16
An educated girl can support herself alone in difficult times
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educate
d
34
43.41
Uneduc
ated
26.33
Categor
y
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.273
2.132
21.73
that an educated girl can support herself alone in difficult times where as uneducated parents
33
34
Table No 4.17
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
35
50.23
Level of
significance
t-cal
X=0.05
0.467
t-tab
2.132
Uneduc 21
13.07
ated
An educated girls knows about her duties and responsibilities
that an educated girl knows about her duties and responsibilities where as uneducated parents
Table No 4.18
Education which makes girls feel proud and not only this but fashionable too
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educate
d
26.33
18.82
Uneduc
ated
20.33
Categor
y
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.497
2.132
9.07
35
that education which makes girls feel proud and not only this but fashionable too where as
uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.
36
Table No 4.19
Categor
y
Educate
d
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
25.67
15.57
Level of
significance
t-cal
t-tab
X=0.05
0.568
2.132
Uneduc 20
7.55
ated
Educated girls are not being afraid of their husbands.
that educated girls are being afraid of their husbands where as uneducated parents from rural
Table No 4.20
Educated girls are far better than illiterate girls.
Mean
X-
Standard
Deviation
Educate
d
35.33
55.25
Uneduc
ated
24.33
Categor
y
Level of
significance
X=0.05
t-cal
0.331
t-tab
2.132
16.25
that educated girls are better than illiterate girls where as uneducated parents from rural and
37
Chapter # 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1
Summary
This research was focused and concentrate on a comparative study of educated parents and
uneducated parents towards female education n rural and urban areas. The main objective of
this study was to take the opinion of educated and uneducated parents about female
education.
Our religion strongly favours education both male and female but most of the uneducated
parents disfavour female education. The purpose of this research study was to know that if
education is very necessary nowadays then why the parents do not favour and permit their
girls to get education.
The main purpose was to get the opinion of different parents, that why they not favour
female education. This research study may be helpful to highlight the different opinions of
parents about female education and play a vital role in aware ring the parents about female
education.
5.2
Findings
Table No 1 shows that the calculate value of t=0.459 and tabulated value of t=2.132
with 4 degree of freedom. It means that educated parents from rural and urban areas
were agreed that education is the basic right of girls where as uneducated parents
38
were agreed that oue religion favor about male and females education where as

were agreed that an educated girl is the main pillar of a good society where as

were agreed that education necessary for decisions making where as uneducated
parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

were agreed that money essential rather than education where as uneducated parents

were agreed that education not essential for girls where as uneducated parents from

were agreed that girls should be active inside the home where as uneducated parents

39
were agreed that girls had better limited to only households where as uneducated

were agreed that girls should be provided with an islamic education where as
uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagrees.

were agreed that girls cannot be equal to men where as uneducated parents from rural

were agreed educated girls can assist their hubbies in their work where as uneducated

were agreed that girls can not only facilitate her hubbies but also can do work with
them shoulder to shoulder where as uneducated parents from rural and urban areas
were disagreed.
were agreed that girls get married on the basis of their good education where as

40
were agreed that girls should get education till 10 th class where as uneducated parents

were agreed that an educated girl can support herself alone in difficult times where as

were agreed that an educated girl knows about her duties and responsibilities where
as uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

were agreed that education which makes girls feel proud and not only this but
fashionable too where as uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were
disagreed.
were agreed that educated girls are being afraid of their husbands where as

were agreed that educated girls are better than illiterate girls where as uneducated
5.3
Conclusions
41
Following are the conclusions of the study. Education is the basic right of every
muslim male and female and our religion strongly favours male and female education.
Educated girl is the main pillar of a good society.
Education widens the perception of people but those who are uneducated do not
favour female education. The researcher concluded from the study that the educated parents
of rural and urban areas favour female education. Uneducated parents of rural and urban
areas do not favour female education.
Finally, it is concluded from the study that educated parents favour female education
whereas uneducated parents disfavour female education.
42
5.4
Recommendations
It should be recommended to parents that they must favour female education because
education is the basic right of male and female.

Uneducated parents should be made aware of the importance and need of female
education.
Government should made NGOs that work in rural areas and held programs to aware
parents.
There should be proper schools in rural areas.
There should be a rule in rural areas that education is must for females and if anyone
disobey the rule there should be a punishment for them.

There should be proper check and balance on teachers in rural areas.
Teachers should honestly do their job in rural areas.
Easy access should be given to females to get education.
Teachers of rural areas should encourage parents and girls to get education because it
is necessary nowadays.
Parents should also encourage their girls to get education.
43
References
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women.
Ahmad M S (1969) A new approach to college composition and functional English
Lahore.
Bandura A(1969) The principles of behavior modification New York: Holt,Rinehart&
Winston.Pp41.
Bennet L &Pye J (2003). Usage of instructional technology in teaching middle school
social studies. Meridian: A middle school computer technologies journal,6(1).
BersonM(1996).Effectivness of computer technology in the social studies: A review of the
literature:Journal of research on computing in Education,28(4),486-499.
Bolick C et al(2003).Technology application in social studies teacher education: A survey
of social studies method faculty. Contemporary issues in technology and teacher
education;3(3)
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20008
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Barun J (1997). Past, possibilities,and potholes on the information superhighway. Social
education, 61(3),49-153
Britton(1986) Organized behavior in disaster Psychological,social and legal
perspectives.London,UK:Routledge.Pp32.
Chabaud (1974). Teaching in future education: An outline of principles and
practice.London:CASSELL
Curzon, L (1997).Teaching in future education: An outline of principles and
practice.London:CASSELL
Davidson J (1996). Information technology and the geography department. The
Geographical Association, Sheffield, United Kingdom, pp249-260
Diem R (2000).Can it make a difference? Technology and the social studies.Theory and
Research in social education,28(4),493-501
J0ff K (1995). social Theory and social structure, Illinois, the free press.(p.139)
44
Lockhead M E (1993) The condition of primary education in developing countries In

Levin and Lockhead,schools developing countries.London: Falmer press,pp.20-40.
QaiserShaheen (1992) Introducation to education for B.Edstudents.Majeed Book
Depot.22-Urdu Bazar, Lahore.Pp-181.
Schwartz R &Orfield G (2001) News Release of the Civil Right Project on dropouts
conferences at HarvardCommissioned and cosponsored with Achieve, Inc.to study
thenations dropout problem.[online], Graduate school of education.
45
Appendix A
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EDUCATED AND UNEDUCATED PARENTS
TOWARDS FEMALE EDUCATTION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF DERA
ISMAIL KHAN.
Questionnaire for parents
R/Parents,
This questionnaire is purely for the academic purposes. Therefore, your cooperation
and authentic suggestions will be highly fruitful to validate the research tool and will enable
the research to complete her work successfully for the degree of B.Ed (Hons) 4 years in
education. Furthermore it is assured that the information provided by you will be kept
highly confidential anonymously. So kindly go through each statement in the questionnaire
and tick the suitable vox at the end of each item. For the facility of your views and content
validity, the options like strongly agree, agree, undecided, strongly disagree, disagree are
already given at the end of each item.
Thank you,
Beenish
Name of Parent__________________________________________
Qualification_____________________________________________
Areas: Rural
Urban
Please tick the appropriate box.
A: stands for Agree

UN: stands forUndecided
D: stands for Disagree
46
S.No
1
Statements
Education is the basic right of girls
Our religion strongly favors male and female education

that is why females education is necessary
An educated girl is the main pillar of a good society.
It is due to education that girls can take necessary

decisions according to their own desire.
It is better to save some money for girls rainy days i.e.

at the time of furlough rather than to be extravagant for
their education
A girl will have to jump over the broomstick then it's

useless to educate her.
Girls should be active inside the home.
Girls had better limited to only households or show
They should be provided with an Islamic education.
10
Girls can't be equal to men.
11
Educated girls can assist their hubbies in their work.
12
Girls can not only facilitate them but can work with
them shoulder to shoulder
13
Education is the obligatory part for girls in the modern

world.
14
Girls get married on the basis of their good education.
15
Girls should get education till 10th class so that they

can survive and can know that how to interact and face
the circumstances.
16
An educated girl can support herself alone in difficult

times
UN
DA
47
17
An educated girl knows about her duties and

responsibilities
18
It is only education which makes them feel proud and

not only this but fashionable too.
19
Educated girls aren't being afraid of their husbands.
20
Educated girls are far better than illiterate girls.
48

Female Education Thesis

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Female Education Thesis

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Chapter # 1

Statement of the problem

Objectives of the Study

Following were the main objectives of the study:

Significance of the Study

Limitations of the Study

Due to unavailability of standardised questionnaire, teacher made validated and reliable

Delimitations of the Study

REVIWE OF RELATED LITERATURE

Female Education in Pakistan

Due to old sayings and culture norms.

Problems of Female Education in Pakistan

Problem of Female in Co-Education

Changing Status of Woman

Woman Status In Pakistan

Women as Girl Guides

chosen co-education, proves, on the contrary, that co-education increases educational

QaisarShaheen (1992) (unpublished research thesis) shows some crucial problems

Co-Education as a Problem for Girls Students

Problem Created by Co-Education

The children reach age of maturity very soon.

PRESENTATION AND ANALYIS OF DATA

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS

uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

rural and urban areas were disagreed.

from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagrees.

and urban areas were disagreed.

parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagrees.

from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagrees.

as uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

uneducated parents from rural and urban areas were disagreed.

education is the basic right of male and female.

disobey the rule there should be a punishment for them.

Lockhead M E (1993) The condition of primary education in developing countries In

Please tick the appropriate box.

A: stands for Agree

Our religion strongly favors male and female education

An educated girl is the main pillar of a good society.

It is due to education that girls can take necessary

It is better to save some money for girls rainy days i.e.

A girl will have to jump over the broomstick then it's

Girls should be active inside the home.

Girls had better limited to only households or show

They should be provided with an Islamic education.

Girls can't be equal to men.

Educated girls can assist their hubbies in their work.

Education is the obligatory part for girls in the modern

Girls get married on the basis of their good education.

Girls should get education till 10th class so that they

An educated girl can support herself alone in difficult

An educated girl knows about her duties and

It is only education which makes them feel proud and

Educated girls aren't being afraid of their husbands.

Educated girls are far better than illiterate girls.

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