JILMHER R.

BERNAL
JOSHUA H. BEBERINO
DANIEL RAY FEGASON

UNIT #3
MODULE 1: COORDINATED FUNTIONS OF THE NERVOUS, ENDOCRINE
AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM:
(THE STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM)
Major Divisions and Parts of Nervous System:
1.Central Nervous System main processing center for
entire nervous system.
a. BRAIN organ inside the skull that function as organizer
and distributor of information for the body.
*Cerebrum controls activity and thought.
*Cerebellum controls posture, balance and
coordination.
*Brain Stem connects brain to the spinal cord
- controls automatic functions
(breathing, digestion, heart rate, blood
pressure)
b. SPINAL CORD serves as channel for signals between
brain and rest of the body.
- controls simple musculoskeletal reflexes w/o input from the brain.
2. Peripheral Nervous System connects central nervous system to the organs limbs.
a. Somatic Nervous System - controls voluntary movement of the body.
Spinal Nerves the nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal
cord and the body.
Cranial Nerves the nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain
stem.
b. Autonomic Nervous System this system is associated with the involuntary
control of body movements.
Sympathetic it is activated when the body is in dynamic role or stress.
Parasympathetic it maintains body functions and restores the body to normal or
relaxed mode.

The Nerve Cell

Neurons have the special ability to carry signals or impulses.
The nerve impulse is an electrochemical signal moving along a neuron.
The space between neurons is called synapse.
The stimulus is any factor in the environment that influences behaviour.
A response is a reaction to a condition or stimulus.
An organism must be able to respond to a stimulus in order to survive.
Receptor such as an organ perceives a stimulus, the impulse is sent to the
brain by the sensory neurons, which then transmit information from one nerve
cell to another.

As the message reaches the brain, it processes the information and commands
an effectors such as a muscle or an organ to respond.
Message coming from the brain sent through the motor neurons.
The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System is composed of glands that secrete different types of

hormones that affect almost every cell, organ, and function of our body. It is essential
in regulating growth and development, metabolism, as well as reproductive
processes and mood.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND THEIR HORMONES
PITUITARY
-stimulates growth, and controls the functions of the other glands
THYROID
-regulates body metabolism, and causes storage of calcium in bones
PARATHYROID

-controls the calcium levels in your body, and normalizes bone growth
THYMUS
-enables the body to produce certain antibodies
ADRENAL
-prepares the body for action, controls the heart rate and breathing in times of
emergency
PANCREAS
-regulates blood sugar levels
REPRODUCTIVE
(TESTES) controls maturation and males characteristics
(OVARIES) influence female traits, and support reproductive function

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
This system involved
in sexual reproduction
there is a striking
difference between the
male and the female
reproductive systems,
although they also share a
number of similarities.
Testis produces
sperm cells
Scrotum sac of
skin that holds the
testis.
Penis deposits
sperms into the
vagina during
mating.
Vas deferens

carries sperms from testes to urethra.

Urethra carries sperm and urine throughout the body.
Seminal vesicle secretes a fluid that makes up most of the
component of the semen.
Prostate gland secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is
discharged as part of the semen.
Bulbourethral Gland secretes a thick and clear mucus that
lubricates and neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra.

Ovary produces
egg cells.

Oviduct serves
as passageways
of eggs from the
ovary to the
uterus.

Uterus serves
as site of
implantation.

Vagina receives
the penis during
mating.

HomeostasisKeeping Body Processes Balanced

Homeostasis
is any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to
maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for
survival. If homeostasis is successful, life continues; if
unsuccessful, disaster or death ensues. The stability attained is
actually a dynamic equilibrium, in which continuous change occurs
yet relatively uniform conditions prevail.

VARIABLES NEED TO ACHIEVE

HOMEOSTASIS
Blood sugar
Blood pressure
Blood cell production
Metabolism
Thermoregulation