A New Look at Animals

A NEW LOOK AT ANIMALS
10
15
20
If youve always thought of kangaroos as being adorable and koala bears as cute, you
may be in for a shock. New fossil discoveries are changing the way some of the worlds animals
are being perceived today.
Fifty million years ago, some familiar animals existed, but in almost unrecognisable
forms. For example, whales, which today live in the water, had legs and lived on land, and probably
looked like large dogs. During a period of fifteen million years, they gradually moved to living in the
sea full-time. Their bodies became sleeker, enabling them to swim more efficiently, and their front
legs evolved into flippers. The back legs finally disappeared completely, although this probably did
not occur until well after they had moved into the sea. Scientists are uncertain why this transition
occurred; maybe whales were trying to escape from predators, or perhaps they needed more food
or more space than was available on land.
More recently, it appears, some whales were ferocious killers. Twenty-five million years
ago, ancestors of todays peaceful blue whale had razor-sharp teeth, earning it the nickname T-rex
of the ocean. Some even more unusual animals also lived in Australia: for example, 20 million
years ago, there were killer kangaroos, and 12 million years ago, there were flesh-eating ducks,
nicknamed The Demon Duck of Doom. And a mere 50,000 years ago, Australia was home to
giant versions of koala bears and kangaroos, in addition to some animals that have since
disappeared, such as crocodiles that climbed trees.
So the next time you cuddle up to a fluffy stuffed animal, you may want to reconsider.
Who knows what we will discover next about bears, or mice like Mickey?
(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
a) ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE
TEXT. USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) What has happened to cause us to change our view of some of todays animals?
2) Why were ancestors of todays blue whale nicknamed T-rex of the ocean?
b) ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH
WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE
TEXT.
(0.5 points per answer)
3) Fifty million years ago, some of todays animals existed in different forms.
4) In the past, large dogs may have resembled modern whales.
5) Whales immediately lost their back legs when they began to live in the sea.
6) There used to be ducks that ate meat.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
7) Give one synonym for ADORABLE (adjective, line 1)
(0.25
points)
8) Give one opposite for GRADUALLY (adverb, line 6)
(0.25
points)
9) Find in the text the word which has the following definition:
dont know for sure (adjective)
(0.25 points)
10) Complete the series with another word of the same semantic group:
RIVER, SEA, LAKE,
(0.25 points)
11) Join the following sentences using an appropriate linker (do not use
AND or BUT). Make changes if necessary.
Their bodies became sleeker. They were able to swim
more efficiently.
(0.5 points)
12) Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Fifty million years ago, whales may (look) like dogs.
(0.5
points)
13) Rewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. Begin as indicated.
Who knows what we will discover next about bears?
Who knows what will
(0.5 points)
14) Give a question for the underlined words.
Some very unusual animals lived in Australia.
(0.5 points)
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
15) WRITE A COMPOSITION (80-100 WORDS). CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
OPTIONS. SPECIFY YOUR OPTION.
a) Endangered animals should be protected in zoos.
b) Describe your favourite kind of animal and what you think should be done to
protect it.
KEY
1) What has happened to cause us to change our view of some of todays animals?
New fossil discoveries have been made.
2) Why were ancestors of todays blue whale nicknamed T-rex of the ocean?
Because they had very sharp teeth like the T-rex dinosaur.
TEXT.
3) Fifty million years ago, some of todays animals existed in different forms.
True (line 4) some familiar animals existed, but in almost unrecognisable
forms
4) In the past, large dogs may have resembled modern whales.
False (lines 5-6) whales had legs and lived on land, and probably looked like
large dogs
5) Whales immediately lost their back legs when they began to live in the sea.
False (lines 8-9) the back legs finally disappeared completely, although this
probably did not occur until well after they had moved into the sea.
6) There used to be ducks that ate meat.
True (line 15) there were flesh-eating ducks

7) Give one synonym for ADORABLE (adjective, line 1)
(0.25
points)
lovable
8) Give one opposite for GRADUALLY (adverb, line 6)
(0.25
points)
quickly
dont know for sure (adjective)
(0.25 points)
uncertain (line 9)
10) Complete the series with another word of the same semantic group:
RIVER, SEA, LAKE, OCEAN
(0.25 points)
11) Join the following sentences using an appropriate linker (do not use
AND or BUT). Make changes if necessary.
Their bodies became sleeker. They were able to swim
more efficiently.
(0.5 points)
Their bodies became sleeker, so / therefore they were able to
swim more efficiently.
Fifty million years ago, whales may have looked (look) like dogs. (0.5
points)
Who knows what we will discover next about bears?
Who knows what will be discovered next about bears?
(0.5 points)
Some very unusual animals lived in Australia.
(0.5 points)
Where did some very unusual animals live?
ITS ALL ABOUT WINNING
10
15
20
Whether they score an additional goal in football or win another set in tennis, sports
people everywhere like to win. So it is not surprising that athletes have always been willing to use
technology to enhance their performance. But the use of some new technologies raises troubling
questions.
Today, there are new advances in almost every field of sport. The poles used by polevaulters are no longer made of flexible wood; instead, they consist of lightweight aluminium and
fibreglass. The surface of the track used by runners has changed from coal, used in the 1930s, to
plastic, latex and rubber. And swimmers today wear swimsuits made of a new fabric called
Fastskin.
Partly as a result of these changes, new records have been set. But does this mean that
athletes are no longer competing against each other, that the technologies are competing instead?
Already, it is hard to measure the performances of sports people today against those of times gone
by. Is there any point in comparing the achievements of past baseball players, who used bats of
white ash wood, with those of todays players, who use bats made of stronger, lighter maple wood?
Many people believe that the use of some advanced technologies takes the sporting
element out of certain activities. They wonder if it is fair to use heat-seeking missiles to shoot birds,
or darts that are electronically guided. And what about the cost of new equipment? Competitions
that allow expensive technology automatically favour competitors who can afford it. In order to keep
competitions fair, sports committees have sometimes banned expensive innovations.
How important is it to win? Is winning at all costs worth it? What should the goal of
sporting competitions be? There are no easy answers, only questions.

1) Why is it difficult to compare the performances of past and present athletes?
2) How can new technologies take the sporting element out of certain activities?
TEXT.
3) The use of technology to enhance performance is new.
4) The surface of tracks used by runners is now made of coal from the 1930s.
5) Technological advances have helped set new records in many sports.
6) Sporting committees sometimes forbid the use of expensive equipment.
7) Find in the text a synonym for IMPROVE (verb)
(0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for FAIR (adjective, line 15)
(0.25 points)
to be able to pay for (verb)
(0.25 points)
10) Give an adjective with the same root as COMPETITIONS (noun, line 16) (0.25
points)
11) Turn the following sentence into the passive voice.
The use of some new technologies raises troubling questions.
(0.5 points)
12) Join the following sentences using a relative pronoun. Make changes
if necessary.
A new fabric called Fastskin is worn by many swimmers today. It is
believed to enhance performance.
(0.5 points)
But does this mean that athletes are no longer competing against
each other?
But does this mean that there is no longer
(0.5 points)
Expensive innovations are sometimes banned in order to keep
competitions fair.
(0.5 points)
a) The advantages and disadvantages of technological devices to enhance
performance.
b) Describe your favourite sport and how you try to enhance your performance.
KEY
1) Why is it difficult to compare the performances of past and present athletes?
Because they use different sorts of sports equipment.
2) How can new technologies take the sporting element out of certain activities?
They can reduce the level of skill required and give richer competitors an
advantage over the others.
TEXT.
3) The use of technology to enhance performance is new.
False (lines 2-3) athletes have always been willing to use technology to
enhance their performance.
4) The surface of tracks used by runners is now made of coal from the 1930s.
False (lines 7-8) The surface of the track used by runners has changed from
coal, used in the 1930s, to plastic, latex and rubber.
5) Technological advances have helped set new records in many sports.
True (line 9) Partly as a result of these changes, new records have been
set.
6) Sporting committees sometimes forbid the use of expensive equipment.
True (line 18) sports committees have sometimes banned expensive
innovations.

7) Find in the text a synonym for IMPROVE (verb)
(0.25
points)
enhance (line 3)
8) Give one opposite for FAIR (adjective, line 15)
(0.25
points)
unfair
to be able to pay for (verb)
(0.25
points)
afford (line 17)
10) Give an adjective with the same root as COMPETITIONS (noun, line 16)
(0.25
points)
competitive
The use of some new technologies raises troubling questions.
(0.5
points)
Troubling questions are raised by the use of some new technologies.
if necessary.
A new fabric called Fastskin is worn by many swimmers today. It is
believed to enhance performance.
(0.5
points)
A new fabric called Fastskin, which is believed to enhance performance, is
worn by many swimmers today. / A new fabric called Fastskin, which is worn
by many swimmers today, is believed to enhance performance.
But does this mean that athletes are no longer competing against
each other?
But does this mean that there is no longer competition
between athletes?
(0.5 points)
Expensive innovations are sometimes banned in order to keep
competitions fair.
(0.5
points)
Why are expensive innovations sometimes banned?
ANIMAL EMOTIONS
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You may love your pet, but does your pet love you? Most animal lovers claim that animals
definitely experience emotions. Many stories are told of older dogs who become jealous when a
new dog (or a baby) arrives home. For many years, however, scientists did not agree that animals
experienced emotions; these behaviours, they said, were simply physiological reactions to external
stimuli. But now new research is beginning to confirm that animals may have feelings much like
ours.
Recent studies have shown that many animals, including chimpanzees, dogs, horses,
rats and birds, experience emotions similar to human jealousy, grief and love. Fear has also been
widely observed by scientists, perhaps unsurprisingly, since this emotion helps in survival. Biologist
Samuel Gosling claims that dogs exhibit four dimensions of personality: affection, sociability,
emotional stability and competence, a combination of intelligence and obedience. These are
similar to the categories of human personality generally found in basic psychological tests.
Other studies have shown that when a recording of dogs laughter is played to other
dogs, they start to play with each other, and rats who laugh frequently seem to be popular among
other rats, offering further proof of emotions among animals. In addition, animals respond to anti-
20
depressant drugs and this proves that their brain chemistry, which is affected by the drug, must be
similar to ours. Experts believe that their emotions must therefore be similar, too.
However, if animals really do have human-like emotions, there are some serious issues
to consider: how fair is it, for example, for humans to keep animals in cages, or use them for
pharmaceutical testing?
1) Why are scientists not surprised that animals experience fear?
2) Under what circumstances does the writer suggest it may be unfair to keep animals
in cages?
TEXT.
3) Animal lovers believe that dogs can be jealous.
4) Scientists are beginning to believe that animals have got feelings.
5) Only humans experience both positive and negative emotions.
6) Dogs often laugh when they see other dogs playing.
7) Find in the text a synonym for SADNESS (noun).
(0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for FREQUENTLY (adjective, line 14).
(0.25 points)
being able to live or exist in spite of great danger
or difficulty (noun)
(0.25 points)
10) Give a noun with the same root as OBSERVED (verb, line 9).
(0.25 points)
In the tests that Gosling performed, dogs exhibited four dimensions
of personality.
(0.5 points)
It seems that many animals can experience human-like emotions.
It seems that many animals are
(0.5 points)
13) Fill in the gap with a correct preposition.
We are the owners three dogs.
(0.5 points)
14) Use the words in boxes to make a meaningful sentence. Use all the words
and only the words in the boxes without changing their form.
(0.5 points)
TO
HUMANS
DRUGS
REACT
DO
JUST
ANIMALS
ANTI-DEPRESSANT
AS

a) Using animals in testing pharmaceutical products is entirely justified.
b) Animals are incapable of experiencing human-like emotions.
KEY
1) Why are scientists not surprised that animals experience fear?
Because fear helps in survival.
2) Under what circumstances does the writer suggest it may be unfair to keep animals
in cages?
If animals feel the same emotions that humans do.
TEXT.
3) Animal lovers believe that dogs can be jealous.
True (line 2) Many stories are told of older dogs who become jealous
4) Scientists are beginning to believe that animals have got feelings.
True (line 5) But now new research is beginning to confirm that animals may
have feelings
5) Only humans experience both positive and negative emotions.
False (lines 7-8) many animals experience emotions similar to human
jealousy, grief and love
6) Dogs often laugh when they see other dogs playing.
False (lines 13-14) when a recording of dogs laughter is played to other
dogs, they start to play with each other

7) Find in the text a synonym for SADNESS (noun).
(0.25
points)
grief (line 8)
8) Give one opposite for FREQUENTLY (adjective, line 14).
(0.25
points)
rarely, seldom, infrequently
being able to live or exist in spite of great danger
or difficulty (noun)
(0.25
points)
survival (line 9)
10) Give a noun with the same root as OBSERVED (verb, line 9).
(0.25
points)
observation
In the tests that Gosling performed, dogs exhibited four dimensions
of personality.
(0.5 points)
In the tests that were performed by Gosling, four dimensions of personality
were exhibited by dogs.
It seems that many animals can experience human-like emotions.
It seems that many animals are able to experience
human-like emotions.
(0.5
points)
We are the owners of three dogs.
(0.5
points)
(0.5
points)
TO
HUMANS
DRUGS
REACT
DO
JUST
ANIMALS
ANTI-DEPRESSANT
AS
Animals react to anti-depressant drugs just as humans do.
BOOK TREATMENT
10
Many people like to lose themselves in a good book if they feel depressed, or turn to
great literature for inspiration and insight. But a new technique called bibliotherapy consciously
tries to use literature as a way of helping individuals deal with emotional problems.
Usually, the therapist starts by recommending reading material, usually fiction, which is
thought to be relevant to the clients situation. At the most passive level, the book can provide an
escape from a difficult reality. Readers may also identify with a novels protagonist, and learn that
they are not alone in having a specific problem. A books plot may also suggest ways of
approaching a situation that may not have occurred to the reader.
However, the novel is also often used as a springboard for more active communication
between clients and bibliotherapists, who may be mental health professionals, teachers or
librarians. Clients are able to discuss the characters situations if revealing their own problems is
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20
too painful. They may also produce a drawing or painting in response to the book, or write
something themselves. Although used on its own, bibliotherapy has been rated most successful
when used in conjunction with other forms of therapy.
The technique may be used to enhance self-awareness in people with no specific
problems, but it is commonly used in a therapeutic setting. In one government-funded project in
England, doctors direct depressed or anxious patients to the library for a course of bibliotherapy.
Some practitioners use this therapy to help rape victims and drug addicts, among others.
So if you feel a bit low, why not try a spoonful of Shakespeare with a drop of Dickens? It
may help, and certainly cant hurt.
1) How can reading help a person with emotional problems?
2) How do bibliotherapists use this treatment for more active communication?
TEXT.
3) Readers usually recommend books to other readers as part of bibliotherapy.
4) Bibliotherapy helps people forget about their problems.
5) Through bibliotherapy, people may learn that their situation is not unique.
6) The writer believes that bibilotherapy can sometimes be harmful.
7) Give one synonym for RELEVANT (adjective, line 5)
(0.25 points)
8) Find in the text an opposite for GENERAL (adjective)
(0.25 points)
talk about (verb)
(0.25 points)
10) Give a noun with the same root as ANXIOUS (adjective, line 17)
(0.25 points)
Doctors direct depressed or anxious patients to the library.
(0.5 points)
12) Turn the following sentence into reported speech.
In this session, we will discuss a Shakespeare play,
announced the bibliotherapist.
(0.5 points)

Clients often discuss the book with the therapist.
(0.5 points)
(0.5 points)
A SOMETI BO
MES
OK
A CLIE
NTS
PICT
URE
DRA ABO
W
UT
15) WRITE A COMPOSITION (80-100 WORDS). CHOOSE ONE OF THE

FOLLOWING OPTIONS. SPECIFY YOUR OPTION.
a) What kind of books do you prefer reading? Explain why.
b) Can watching TV provide the same benefits as reading a book?
KEY
1) How can reading help a person with emotional problems?
It can help a person forget about a difficult situation, or realise that other
people share their problems. Reading can also give a person an idea of how
to solve a problem.
2) How do bibliotherapists use this treatment for more active communication?
They can discuss a characters situation with a client in order to reveal the
clients own problem.
TEXT.
3) Readers usually recommend books to other readers as part of bibliotherapy.
False (line 4) the therapist starts by recommending reading material
4) Bibliotherapy helps people forget about their problems.
True (lines 5-6) the book can provide an escape from a difficult reality.
5) Through bibliotherapy, people may learn that their situation is not unique.
True (lines 6-7) and learn that they are not alone in having a specific
problem.
6) The writer believes that bibilotherapy can sometimes be harmful.
False (lines 19-20) It may help, and certainly cant hurt.

7) Give one synonym for RELEVANT (adjective, line 5)
(0.25
points)
appropriate
8) Find in the text an opposite for GENERAL (adjective)
(0.25
points)
specific (line 7)
talk about (verb)
(0.25
points)
discuss (line 11)
10) Give a noun with the same root as ANXIOUS (adjective, line 17)
(0.25
points)
anxiety
Doctors direct depressed or anxious patients to the library.
(0.5
points)
Depressed or anxious patients are directed to the library by doctors.
In this session, we will discuss a Shakespeare play,
announced the bibliotherapist.
(0.5
points)
The bibliotherapist announced that in that session, we / they would discuss a
Shakespeare play.
Clients often discuss the book with the therapist.
(0.5
points)
Who do clients often discuss the book with?
(0.5
points)
A SOMETI BO
MES
OK
A CLIE
NTS
PICT
URE
DRA ABO
W
UT
Clients sometimes draw a picture about a book. / Sometimes, clients draw a

picture about a book.
LIKE ON MARS
Would you agree to be locked into a small, confined space for 520 days, with virtually no
access to the outside world? Most people would consider this to be a punishment, but at least 70
people have volunteered to undergo this experience.
As part of the preparations for a manned space flight to Mars, Russian scientists have
outfitted a special spaceship in Moscow. They want to study how human beings will react
physically and psychologically when living in conditions that mimic those of a mission to Mars.
During the experiment, volunteers will live in the same conditions as astronauts. Air will
be recycled, food will be rationed, and no tobacco or alcohol will be available. Contact with the
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15
outside world will also be limited by the scientists; although the astronauts will have radios and email, communication will be artificially routed to simulate the delay expected with a real Mars
mission.
The Mars-500 project will have a multi-national crew of six. Volunteers must be between
25 and 50, speak English and Russian, and have a university degree, preferably in medicine,
biology, engineering or computer science. They must also be in good physical and mental health,
and be able to get along well with other people. So far, 70 applications have been received from
men and women in 17 different countries.
So, if you know someone who qualifies for the experiment, and doesnt mind the gruelling
conditions, he or she should move fast. The experiment should be completed by the end of the
decade, and a real manned mission to Mars could, scientists believe, take place within the next 20
years.
1) What is the purpose of the Mars-500 project?
2) How will the conditions during the experiment be similar to a real mission?
TEXT.
3) The experiment will be conducted by Russian scientists in Moscow.
4) Participants will be unable to receive e-mails while in the spaceship.
5) Scientists have not set age limits for project volunteers.
6) The crew must include volunteers from England and Russia.
7) Find in the text a synonym for TEAM (noun).
(0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for SMALL (adjective, line 1).
(0.25 points)
talk (verb).
(0.25 points)
10) Give an adjective with the same root as BELIEVE (verb, line 18).
(0.25 points)
Scientists will carry out more detailed projects in the future.
(0.5 points)
12) Complete the following conditional sentence.
If I had the opportunity to travel to space,
(0.5 points)
Most people consider this to be a punishment.
Most people think
(0.5 points)
The fear travelling to space is greater than the danger.
(0.5 points)
a) Should countries be investing a lot of money in space exploration programmes?
b) Are stories of UFOs and alien landings fabrications? Explain your reasons.
KEY
1) What is the purpose of the Mars-500 project?
To study how human beings will cope with living in conditions that are
similar to a mission to Mars.
2) How will the conditions during the experiment be similar to a real mission?
The air will be recycled, food will be rationed and tobacco and alcohol wont
be available. There will also be limited contact with the outside world.
TEXT.
3) The experiment will be conducted by Russian scientists in Moscow.
True (lines 4-5) Russian scientists have outfitted a special spaceship in
Moscow
4) Participants will be unable to receive e-mails while in the spaceship.
False (line 9) the astronauts will have radios and e-mail
5) Scientists have not set age limits for project volunteers.
False (lines 11-12) Volunteers must be between 25 and 50
6) The crew must include volunteers from England and Russia.
False (line 12) must speak English and Russian

7) Find in the text a synonym for TEAM (noun).
(0.25 points)
crew (line 11)
8) Give one opposite for SMALL (adjective, line 1).
(0.25 points)
large / big
talk (verb).
(0.25 points)
speak (line 12)
10) Give an adjective with the same root as BELIEVE (verb, line 18).
(0.25 points)
believable
Scientists will carry out more detailed projects in the future.
(0.5 points)
More detailed projects will be carried out by scientists in the future.
If I had the opportunity to travel to space, I would visit /
would go to / would travel to Mars.
(0.5 points)
Most people consider this to be a punishment.
Most people think (that) this is a punishment.
(0.5 points)
The fear of travelling to space is greater than the danger.
(0.5 points)
PLASTIC SURGERY: BEAUTY OR BEAST

Some psychologists are worried about the psychological impact on those who undergo drastic
cosmetic surgeryand also on those who don't and, consequently, may feel inadequate.
Although radical transformations are rare, somepsychologists plan to investigate the surge in
cosmetic procedures and whether these surgeries have any lastingpsychological
consequences. The number of cosmetic operations increased by 44 percent from 2003 to
2004, according5 to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Plastic surgeons
conducted a record 11.9 million procedures lastyear, both non-surgical (like Botox) and
surgical (like breast augmentation or liposuction).
How do such practices affect patients psychologically? Social workers have made a recent
analysis of 37 studies onpatients' psychological and psychosocial functioning before and after
cosmetic surgery. It suggests positive outcomes in patients, including improvements in body
image and possibly a quality-of-life increase too. But the same research10 published in
April 2005also found several elements of poor outcomes, especially for those who hold
unrealisticexpectations or have a history of depression and anxiety. The researchers found
that patients who are dissatisfied with surgery may request repeat procedures or experience
depression and adjustment problems, social isolation, familyproblems, self-destructive
behaviours and anger toward the surgeon and his or her staff.
a) ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT. USE
YOUR OWNWORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) How may plastic surgery affect patients?
2) Are all patients psychologically prepared for plastic surgery?
b) ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE
3) Radical transformations are frequent after cosmetic surgery.
4) Botox is a cosmetic technique used by surgeons

5) Plastic surgeons conducted the analysis of 37 studies on patients psychological reactions
6) People suffering from depression usually react well after surgery
7) Find in the text one word meaning: "a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations
(noun) (0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for AUGMENTATION (noun) (line 6) (0.25 points)
9) Find in the text a synonym for RESULT (noun) (0.25 points)
10) Complete the series with another word of the same semantic group: (0.25 points)
REQUEST, SOLICIT, IMPLORE, BEG
11) Join the following sentences using a relative pronoun. Make changes if necessary.
Martins mother is Spanish. She speaks both Spanish and English fluently
12) Fill in the gap with a correct form of the verb in brackets: (0.5 points)
Someone (hit) _________ me as I came into the room.
13) Give a question for the underlined words: (0.5 points)
The Members of Parliament met the Prime Minister last Friday.
14) Use the words in the boxes to make a meaningful sentence. Use all and only the words in
the boxes without changing their form. (0.5 points)
whole with infected the her she enthusiasm class
15) WRITE A COMPOSITION
a) What is your opinion about changes in physical appearance?
b) The importance of being beautiful. Discuss
KEY
1) How may plastic surgery affect patients?
SOME MAY HAVE POSITIVE OUTCOMES, WHILE OTHERS MAY NOT.
2) Are all patients psychologically prepared for plastic surgery?
NO, SOME EXPECT TOO MUCH AND LATER SUFFER DISAPPOINTMENT AND OTHERS HAD A
MEDICAL HISTORY OF DEPRESSION.
b) ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE?
3) Radical transformations are frequent after cosmetic surgery.
FALSE: WHILE RADICAL TRANSFORMATIONS ARE RARE,... (lines 2-3)
4) Botox is a cosmetic technique used by surgeons.
TRUE: PLASTIC SURGEONS CONDUCTED PROCEDURES BOTH NON-SURGICAL (LIKE
BOTOX)
(lines 5-6)
FALSE: IT IS NON-SURGICAL, BUT IT IS NOT STRICTLY COSMETIC EITHER:
...NONSURGICAL
PROCEDURES LIKE BOTOX,... (line 6 )
5) Plastic surgeons conducted the analysis of 37 studies on patients psychological reactions.
FALSE: SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE MADE A RECENT ANALYSIS OF 37 STUDIES ... (lines 7-8)
6) People suffering from depression usually react well after surgery.
FALSE: BUT THE SAME RESEARCH ...ALSO FOUND POOR OUTCOMES OF DEPRESSION
AND ANXIETY (lines 9-11)
7) Find in the text one word meaning: "a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations
(noun)
SURGEON (line 5) (0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for AUGMENTATION (noun) (line 6) DECREASE, REDUCTION,

DIMINUTION. (0.25 points)
9) Find in the text a synonym for RESULT (noun) OUTCOME (line 10) (0.25 points)
10) Complete the series with another word of the same semantic group: (0.25 points)
REQUEST, SOLICIT, IMPLORE, BEG,
ASK FOR, DEMAND,....
11) Join the following sentences using a relative pronoun. Make changes if necessary.
Martins mother is Spanish. She speaks both Spanish and English fluently.
MARTINS MOTHER, WHO SPEAKS BOTH SPANISH AND ENGLISH FLUENTLY, IS SPANISH.
MARTINS MOTHER, WHO IS SPANISH, SPEAKS BOTH ENGLISH AND SPANISH FLUENTLY.
(0.5 points)
12) Fill in the gap with a correct form of the verb in brackets: (0.5 points)
Someone (hit) HIT me when I came into the room.
13) Give a question for the underlined words. (0.5 points)
The Members of Parliament met the Prime Minister last Friday.
WHO DID THE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT MEET (LAST FRIDAY)?
14) Use the words in the boxes to make a meaningful sentence. Use all and only the words
in the boxes without
changing their form. (0.5 points)
whole with infected the her she enthusiasm class
SHE INFECTED THE WHOLE CLASS WITH HER ENTHUSIASM
POINTING AT FINGERPRINTS
10
15
20
For many years, criminals have been identified and brought to justice because of a
fingerprint that they left behind. Details of the technique of fingerprinting were published by British
scientist Sir Francis Galton in 1892, and it became widely used as a reliable method of
identification. In fact, a fingerprint was first used as evidence to convict a criminal that same year.
However, the use of fingerprints as evidence is not entirely foolproof. Many fingerprints
are latent; that is, they must be treated with powdered chemicals before they can be seen, which
may be inconvenient at the scene of a crime. Other fingerprints are incomplete, difficult to make a
positive identification from, and so not very helpful to police. Because of these problems, DNA
identification, or genetic fingerprinting, became popular in the 1980s. But now new methods of
recovering and analysing fingerprints are causing a revival in the use of traditional fingerprinting.
Fingerprints are formed when fingertips, coated with fatty acids produced by the glands,
make contact with most surfaces. Researchers are now examining these fat deposits to learn more
than just the identity of the person leaving the prints. Scientists are already able to determine
approximate age, as well as the use of certain drugs like tobacco. These new insights may have
consequences in areas beyond crime detection. Analysing a fingerprint may eventually yield as
much information about an individuals health as a blood sample and it will certainly be less painful
to produce!
So, with both traditional and DNA fingerprinting seemingly here to stay, will there be
anything new for 21st-century detectives? Police may soon be able to make positive identifications
using earprints. It seems that many burglars press their ear to a door or window before attempting
a break-in, leaving a clear and unique print for police to trace.
1) Why did DNA fingerprinting become popular?
2) Why may fingerprints one day be used instead of blood tests?

TEXT.
3) The fingerprint was first used as evidence in 1892.
4) The deposits left by fingertips are produced by fatty acids in the glands.
5) The fatty acids in fingerprints can reveal the exact age of the depositor.
6) Police may one day use earprints to trace and identify criminals.
7) Give one synonym for FOOLPROOF (adjective, line 5)
8) Give one opposite for PAINFUL (adjective, line 16)
look for and find (verb)
10) Give a verb with the same root as RELIABLE (adjective, line 3)
Researchers are now examining these deposits.
The burglar didnt realise that he (leave) his earprint
on the door of the museum.
(0.25 points)
(0.25 points)
(0.25 points)
(0.25 points)
(0.5 points)
(0.5 points)
New discoveries may help in crime detection.
New discoveries may help to
(0.5 points)
Fingerprints were first used to convict a criminal in 1892.
(0.5 points)
a) Storing tissue for DNA identification is an invasion of personal privacy.
b) Should more money be spent on crime prevention or on crime detection?
Explain your reasons.
KEY
1) Why did DNA fingerprinting become popular?
Because it was often difficult to get enough evidence from fingerprints.
2) Why may fingerprints one day be used instead of blood tests?
They may provide as much information about our health as our blood does.
TEXT.
3) The fingerprint was first used as evidence in 1892.
True (line 4) a fingerprint was first used as evidence that same year [1892]
4) The deposits left by fingertips are produced by fatty acids in the glands.
True (lines 11-12) fingertips, coated with fatty acids produced by the glands,
make contact with most surfaces.
5) The fatty acids in fingerprints can reveal the exact age of the depositor.
False (lines 13-14) Scientists are already able to determine approximate
age
6) Police may one day use earprints to trace and identify criminals.
True (lines 19-20) Police may soon be able to make positive identifications
using earprints

7) Give one synonym for FOOLPROOF (adjective, line 5)
(0.25
points)
accurate
8) Give one opposite for PAINFUL (adjective, line 16)
(0.25
points)
painless
look for and find (verb)
(0.25
points)
trace (line 21)
10) Give a verb with the same root as RELIABLE (adjective, line 3)
(0.25
points)
rely
Researchers are now examining these deposits.
(0.5
points)
These deposits are now being examined (by researchers).
The burglar didnt realise that he had left (leave) his earprint
on the door of the museum.
(0.5
points)
New discoveries may help in crime detection.
New discoveries may help to detect crime.
(0.5
points)
Fingerprints were first used to convict a criminal in 1892.
(0.5
points)
When were fingerprints first used to convict a criminal?
ROB THE RUBBISH
10
Most mountaineers will probably tell you that they climb mountains because of the
challenge. But Rob the Rubbish climbs mountains to collect the rubbish.
Robin Kevan, aged 63, was horrified by the litter in the streets of his hometown,
Llanwrtyd Wells in Wales. However, instead of complaining, he started to pick up the rubbish and
most days filled a large plastic sack, or bin bag, by breakfast. One day, his wife wrote Rob the
Rubbish on his jacket, and the name stuck.
In November 2005, Rob heard about the litter on Ben Nevis, the United Kingdoms
highest mountain. In a two-day visit, he filled six bin bags with rubbish. Wearing his yellow jacket
and two pairs of gloves (because, he explains, you never know what you may encounter in other
peoples rubbish), he has since climbed other mountains in the UK. He finds paper wrappers,
plastic bags, soft drinks cans and bottles. These are the worst, because glass takes a million years
to degrade.
15
Rob believes that tackling the problem of rubbish involves the re-education of a whole
generation. Until then, he wants to do what he can to help restore the purity of natural beauty
spots. In addition, his self-imposed task brings him other advantages: a healthy outdoor hobby, a
sense of purpose and a feeling of satisfaction.
As a result of the publicity he had received, in autumn 2006 Rob climbed Mt Everest to
collect rubbish from the base camp. Now he wants to visit Mt Kilimanjaro in east Africa. Rob hopes
that he is raising awareness of the litter problem with his work. So, the next time you go hiking,
make sure you dont leave your rubbish behind.
1) In what ways does Rob benefit personally by collecting rubbish?
2) Why was Rob able to go to Mt Everest in 2006?
TEXT.
3) Rob climbs mountains because its challenging.
4) Rob used to complain about the rubbish in his hometown.
5) Cans and bottles take the same amount of time to degrade.
6) Rob wants more people to understand the litter problem.
7) Find in the text a synonym for BIG (adjective).
(0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for FILLED (verb, line 5).
(0.25 points)
bring back to an original state (verb).
(0.25 points)
10) Give a noun with the same root as COLLECT (verb, line 2).
(0.25 points)
Rob finds all kinds of rubbish on mountains in the UK.
(0.5 points)
if necessary:
In 2006, Rob climbed Mt Everest. He collected rubbish from
the base camp there.
(0.5 points)
Many mountaineers climb mountains because the mountains present a
challenge.
The mountains present a challenge,
(0.5 points)
14) Give a question for the underlined word.
In a two-day visit, Rob filled six bin bags with rubbish.
(0.5 points)
a) In your opinion, what is a suitable punishment for people who litter?
b) What do you think can be done to help reduce litter in your region?
KEY
1) In what ways does Rob benefit personally by collecting rubbish?
It is a healthy hobby, it gives him something useful to do and it makes him
feel satisfied.
2) Why was Rob able to go to Mt Everest in 2006?
Because he had received a lot of publicity.
TEXT.
3) Rob climbs mountains because its challenging.
False (line 2) climbs mountains to collect the rubbish.
4) Rob used to complain about the rubbish in his hometown.
False (line 4) instead of complaining, he started to pick up the rubbish
5) Cans and bottles take the same amount of time to degrade.
False (line 11) [bottles] are the worst, because glass takes a million years to
degrade.
6) Rob wants more people to understand the litter problem.
True (lines 17-18) Rob hopes that he is raising awareness of the litter
problem with his work.

7) Find in the text a synonym for BIG (adjective).
(0.25
points)
large (line 5)
8) Give one opposite for FILLED (verb, line 5).
(0.25
points)
emptied
bring back to an original state (verb).
(0.25
points)
restore (line 13)
10) Give a noun with the same root as COLLECT (verb, line 2).
(0.25
points)
collection
Rob finds all kinds of rubbish on mountains in the UK.
(0.5
points)
All kinds of rubbish are found by Rob on mountains in the UK.
if necessary:
In 2006, Rob climbed Mt Everest. He collected rubbish from
the base camp there.
(0.5
points)
In 2006, Rob climbed Mt Everest, where he collected rubbish from the base
camp.
Many mountaineers climb mountains because the mountains present a
challenge.
The mountains present a challenge, so / therefore many
mountaineers climb them.
(0.5
points)
14) Give a question for the underlined word.
In a two-day visit, Rob filled six bin bags with rubbish.
(0.5
points)
How many bin bags did Rob fill with rubbish in a two-day visit?
THE JOKES ON YOU
10
If you have ever been fooled by a practical joke or a hoax, your first feeling was probably
anger at yourself for being misled and at others for misleading you. But dont feel bad. Hoaxes
have been around for a long time, and very clever and educated people have been deceived.
The word hoax derives from hocus, part of the Latin phrase hocus-pocus, meaning
something that fools your eyes. It was first used around 1800, but pranks and hoaxes have
existed at least since the time of the Ancient Greeks. The god Hermes was supposedly full of
tricks, and his first prank was directed against his brother, the god Apollo. By the Middle Ages,
court jesters were actually expected to play tricks on the king and courtiers to amuse them.
However, most hoaxes are perpetrated on unknowing subjects, many of them educated
and rational. For example, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes, was a physician,
yet he was tricked into believing in the existence of fairies after being shown photographs of them.
Decades later, the girls who had taken the pictures, who were by then old women, admitted that
15
the fairies were paper cut-outs.

In 1971, many anthropologists were led to believe that a peaceful Stone Age tribe, the
Tasaday, had been discovered in the Philippines. However, in 1986, tribe members confessed
that they were really farmers; in fact they had been paid by a government official to impersonate
cave-dwellers.
The best practical jokes are those where no one is hurt. As long as we stick to this
guideline, perhaps a little embarrassment is worth the fun especially when you know you are in
good company.
20

1) How did the girls deceive Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?
2) Why did anthropologists believe that they had discovered a Stone Age tribe?
TEXT.
3) The word hoax was coined by the Ancient Greeks.
4) Practical jokes were first invented during the Middle Ages.
5) Apollo was deceived by a god called Hermes.
6) According to the writer, practical jokes are never a good idea.
7) Find in the text one synonym for ENJOYMENT (noun)
points)
8) Give one opposite for CLEVER (adjective, line 3)
points)
agricultural workers (noun)
points)
10) Give an adjective with the same root as FOOLS (verb, line 5)
points)
If I play a joke on my friends,
points)
We found a primitive tribe, announced the anthropologists.
points)
(0.25
(0.25
(0.25
(0.25
(0.5
(0.5
Your first feeling was probably anger.
You probably
(0.5
points)
The tribe members exposed the hoax in 1986.
(0.5
points)
a) A little embarrassment is worth the fun of a practical joke.
b) Photographic evidence cannot be trusted, especially in todays electronic age.
KEY
1) How did the girls deceive Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?
They showed him photographs of fairies that were really cut out of paper.
2) Why did anthropologists believe that they had discovered a Stone Age tribe?
Because they saw cave-dwellers.
TEXT.
3) The word hoax was coined by the Ancient Greeks.
False (line 4) The word hoax derives from hocus, part of the Latin phrase
hocus-pocus
4) Practical jokes were first invented during the Middle Ages.
False (lines 5-6) hoaxes have existed at least since the time of the Ancient
Greeks.
5) Apollo was deceived by a god called Hermes.
True (lines 6-7) [The god Hermes] first prank was directed against his
brother, the god Apollo.
6) According to the writer, practical jokes are never a good idea.
False (line 18) The best practical jokes are those where no one is hurt.

7) Find in the text one synonym for ENJOYMENT (noun)
(0.25 points)
fun (line 19)
8) Give one opposite for CLEVER (adjective, line 3)
(0.25 points)
stupid / unintelligent
agricultural workers (noun)
(0.25 points)
farmers (line 16)
10) Give an adjective with the same root as FOOLS (verb, line 5)
(0.25 points)
foolish
If I play a joke on my friends, they will usually laugh.
(possible answer)
(0.5 points)
We found a primitive tribe, announced the anthropologists.
(0.5 points)
The anthropologists announced that they had found a primitive tribe.
Your first feeling was probably anger.
You probably felt anger/angry (at) first. / first felt anger/angry (0.5 points)
The tribe members exposed the hoax in 1986.
(0.5 points)
When did the tribe members expose the hoax?
TIME BANKS
10
15
20
We all know about banks for money, and banks for blood, but now it seems there are
banks for time.
Time Banks, an American concept which first started in 1980, operate today throughout
the United States, England, Spain and elsewhere. The idea is simple. First, participants must enrol
in the scheme. Then, every hour they spend performing services for other participants is registered
as credit. That means that they are entitled to receive an equal number of hours of service from
others in the plan. All services have equal value, so that people who donate, for example, an hour
of dog-walking can, in return, receive an hour of legal advice. Transactions are recorded by the
banks organisers, who match members with each other.
Unlike traditional barter systems, Time Banks enable members to receive from one
person and donate to another. One elderly lady spent time visiting a disabled neighbour, and in
exchange, her kitchen was redecorated. Another woman accumulated time so that she could buy
luxuries, such as massages. Services offered range from music and language instruction to
wardrobe reorganisation, eyebrow plucking and plant watering.
One obvious advantage of Time Banks is that they allow people access to services that
might otherwise be too costly. However, there are also other benefits. These schemes build
community spirit, which is hard to create today because the population is so mobile. They also help
people who may feel that they have little to offer to realise that they are valuable contributors. Many
people never use the hours they accumulate, while others donate their time to people in need.
There is an old saying in English that time is money. With Time Banks, this is truer than
ever!

1) Why are Time Banks especially important in modern communities?
2) How do Time Bank schemes work?
TEXT.
3) Time Banks were first started in Spain in 1980.
4) Members can only receive services from people theyve donated to.
5) Its possible to give people your hours.
6) People must withdraw the time they deposit in time banks.
7) Give one synonym for INSTRUCTION (noun, line 13)
(0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for COSTLY (adjective, line 16)
(0.25 points)
to enable something to happen (verb)
(0.25 points)
10) Give a noun with the same root as TRUER (adverb, line 20)
(0.25 points)
A Time Bank member will perform an hour of service.
(0.5 points)
12) Join the following sentences using an appropriate linker. (Do not use
AND or BUT.) Make changes if necessary.
One woman accumulated over 100 hours. She doesnt want
to receive any services.
(0.5 points)

One elderly lady visited her disabled neighbour.
(0.5 points)
(0.5 points)
RECORD
THE
EVERY
OCCURS
TRANSACTION
THAT
ORGANISERS

a) Time Banks benefit society and its members.
b) Community service should be required of every citizen.
KEY
1) Why are Time Banks especially important in modern communities?
They help build a sense of community, which is difficult these days because
people move a lot.
2) How do Time Bank schemes work?
People donate a certain amount of their time to do some work and in
exchange someone else does work for them for the same amount of time.
TEXT.
3) Time Banks were first started in Spain in 1980.
False (line 3) Time Banks, an American concept which first started in 1980
4) Members can only receive services from people theyve donated to.
False (lines 10-11) Time Banks enable members to receive from one person
and donate to another.
5) Its possible to give people your hours.
True (line 19) others donate their time to people in need
6) People must withdraw the time they deposit in time banks.
False (lines18-19) Many people never use the hours they accumulate

7) Give one synonym for INSTRUCTION (noun, line 13)
(0.25 points)
teaching
8) Give one opposite for COSTLY (adjective, line 16)
(0.25 points)
cheap
to enable something to happen (verb)
(0.25 points)
allow (line 15)
10) Give a noun with the same root as TRUER (adverb, line 20)
(0.25 points)
truth
A Time Bank member will perform an hour of service.
(0.5 points)
An hour of service will be performed by a Time Bank member.
12) Join the following sentences using an appropriate linker. (Do not use
AND or BUT.) Make changes if necessary.
One woman accumulated over 100 hours. She doesnt want
to receive any services.
(0.5 points)
Although one woman accumulated over 100 hours, she doesnt want to
receive any services.
One elderly lady visited her disabled neighbour.
(0.5 points)
Who did one elderly lady visit?
(0.5 points)
RECORD
THE
EVERY
OCCURS
TRANSACTION
THAT
ORGANISERS
The organisers record every transaction that occurs.
VIDEO GAME TREATMENT
10
15
20
You have just killed the monster and rescued the princess, and now you are ready for the
next level of your video game. Many people play video games (also called gaming) for fun, but an
increasing number are now using these games as part of their treatment for physical or emotional
disorders.
Sometimes the content of the games is the important therapeutic factor. Gradual
exposure through video games is being used by psychiatric workers to help treat patients suffering
from phobias ranging from fear of flying to claustrophobia. Even the United States Military is now
trying gaming as treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Special programs allow war
veterans to control simulated combat situations similar to those that had caused distress.
In other cases, game content is less important than the physical manipulation of the
keyboard and mouse. Patients requiring physical rehabilitation find small, repetitive movements of
the hands less boring when these are part of a game. And the concentration of children suffering
from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) can be improved by gaming. Special helmets containing
sensors measure brain waves, which are relayed to a system that controls the game. If there is a
lapse in concentration, cars may crash or characters disappear.
As the cost of hardware such as sensors decreases, and the availability of suitable
software increases, the use of gaming as therapy will expand. Some professionals are sceptical,
claiming that there is insufficient research into the beneficial aspects of gaming, and that ignoring
traditional therapies could be harmful. Others, however, are enthusiastic about such a fun
treatment, but caution that therapy gaming sessions must be supervised by qualified professionals.
Wouldnt it be nice if, one day soon, a visit to the local doctor could produce a prescription
for a dose of computer games?

1) Why is the United States Military interested in video games?
2) How can brain waves be measured during gaming?
TEXT.
3) The use of video games to treat disorders is becoming more popular.
4) The content of the game is important when helping patients who need physical
therapy.
5) Gaming will be used more when the hardware is less expensive.
6) All health professionals believe that gaming is a useful therapy.
7) Find in the text a synonym for SAVED (verb).
(0.25 points)
8) Give one opposite for BORING (adjective, line 12).
(0.25 points)
enable (verb).
(0.25 points)
10) Give a verb with the same root as HARMFUL (adjective, line 19).
(0.25 points)
11) Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
(play) video games is a lot of fun for many people.
(0.5 points)
The psychiatrist asked, Has the treatment helped
her claustrophobia?
(0.5 points)
Gradual exposure through video games is being used by psychiatric workers.
Psychiatric workers
(0.5 points)
(0.5 points)
CAN
CHILDREN
CONCENTRATE
GAMES
HELP
BETTER
VIDEO
TO

a) Do you think playing video games is a good way to pass the time?
b) Doctors should try to find interesting ways of treating emotional disorders.
KEY
1) Why is the United States Military interested in video games?
It wants to use video games to treat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
2) How can brain waves be measured during gaming?
Sensors in special helmets measure brain waves.
TEXT.
3) The use of video games to treat disorders is becoming more popular.

True (lines 3-4) an increasing number are using these games as part of their
treatment
4) The content of the game is important when helping patients who need physical
therapy.
False (lines 10-11) game content is less important than the physical
manipulation of the keyboard and mouse.
5) Gaming will be used more when the hardware is less expensive.
True (lines 16-17) As the cost of hardware decreases, the use of gaming as
therapy will expand.
6) All health professionals believe that gaming is a useful therapy.
False (line 17) Some professionals are sceptical

7) Find in the text a synonym for SAVED (verb).
(0.25 points)
rescued (line 1)
8) Give one opposite for BORING (adjective, line 12).
(0.25 points)
interesting
enable (verb).
(0.25 points)
allow (line 8)
10) Give a verb with the same root as HARMFUL (adjective, line 19).
(0.25 points)
harm
11) Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Playing (play) video games is a lot of fun for many people.
(0.5 points)
The psychiatrist asked, Has the treatment helped
her claustrophobia?
(0.5 points)
The psychiatrist asked if / whether the treatment had helped her
claustrophobia.
Gradual exposure through video games is being used by psychiatric workers.
Psychiatric workers are using gradual exposure through
video games.
(0.5 points)
(0.5 points)
CAN
CHILDREN
CONCENTRATE
GAMES
HELP
BETTER
Video games can help children to concentrate better.
VIDEO
TO

A New Look at Animals

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A New Look at Animals

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A NEW LOOK AT ANIMALS

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

ITS ALL ABOUT WINNING

a) ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

Animals react to anti-depressant drugs just as humans do.

13) Give a question for the underlined words.

15) WRITE A COMPOSITION (80-100 WORDS). CHOOSE ONE OF THE

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

Clients sometimes draw a picture about a book. / Sometimes, clients draw a

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

PLASTIC SURGERY: BEAUTY OR BEAST

4) Botox is a cosmetic technique used by surgeons

8) Give one opposite for AUGMENTATION (noun) (line 6) DECREASE, REDUCTION,

b) ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

ROB THE RUBBISH

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

THE JOKES ON YOU

the fairies were paper cut-outs.

(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

a) ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE

13) Give a question for the underlined words.

(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

The organisers record every transaction that occurs.

VIDEO GAME TREATMENT

a) ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE

(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)

3) The use of video games to treat disorders is becoming more popular.

(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)

Video games can help children to concentrate better.

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