(iii) What can you say about the gradient of every solution curve as x ?
(iv) Sketch, on a single diagram, the graph of the solution found in part (ii), together
with 2 other members of the family of solution curves.
2.
(N2008/P1/4)
dy 1 + x + y
=
.
dx 1 x y
du
2
, and solve this
=
dx 1 u
differential equation.
Deduce that (x + y)2 + 2(x y) = A, where A is an arbitrary constant.
3.
TJC/Promo/9
(a)
Use the substitution y = u cos x to find the general solution of the differential
equation
dy
+ y tan x = 1 . Hence, find y in terms of x, given that y = 1 when
dx
x = 0.
(b)
[6]
Page 1 of 4
Assignment
1. (i)
dy
3x
= 2
dx x + 1
3x
y= 2
dx
x +1
3 2x
=
dx
2 x2 + 1
3
= ln ( x 2 + 1) + C
2
(iii)
dy
=
dx
y=
3
ln ( x 2 + 1) + 2 .
2
3
x
1
x2
As x , gradient of every solution will tend to zero.
1+
(iii)
c=2
c=0
c = 1
O
2.
dy 1 + x + y
=
dx 1 x y
u = x + y
du
dy
= 1+
dx
dx
1+ u
= 1+
1 u
2
=
(shown)
1 u
Page 2 of 4
(1 u )
du
2
=
dx 1 u
d u = 2 dx
1
u u2 = 2x + C
2
1
2
= 2x + C
2
2
( x + y ) 2 ( x + y ) + 4 x = A, where A = 2C
( x + y) ( x + y)
( x + y)
+ 2( x y) = A
15. TJC/Promo/9
dy
+ y tan x = 1
dx
(a)
Given
y = u cos x
dy
du
= u sin x + cos x
dx
dx
Therefore,
dy
+ y tan x = 1
dx
becomes
u sin x +
du
cos x + u cos x tan x = 1
dx
du
cos x = 1
dx
1 du = sec x dx
u = ln sec x + tan x + c
General Solution:
Hence,
Page 3 of 4
(b) x is the number of infected patients after the vaccination was introduced for t days.
Therefore the d.e. is defined as
dx
= c kx ,
dt
where k is the constant of proportionality.
Given that the number of infected patients remains constant when x = 4c,
dx
= 0 when x = 4c.
dt
Therefore
0 = c k ( 4c )
k=
Hence, the d.e. relating x, t and c is
1
4
dx
1
= x+c.
dt
4
An assumption needed is that the total number of patients after the vaccination remains
constant throughout. (i.e. no additional patients are introduced to the hospital)
Other Possible Assumptions:
Option 1 (if the patients are only infected in the hospital)
1. All infected patients caught the virus in the hospital, not from any other external
sources.
2. No patients enter or leave the hospital.
3. The virus can only be cured by the vaccination.
Option 2 (if the patients are warded after being infected outside the hospital)
4. All infected patients are given the vaccine.
The virus can be cured only be the vaccination.
Page 4 of 4