INTRODUCTION

A. Background
English is the international language. By mastering the English language
well, then we will be able to communicate with other nations in the world.
In addition, we will be able to add insight and knowledge for the progress
of our nation and our country, because we will be able to read English
literature, listening to radio broadcasts abroad, as well as films menontong
the other sciences. Thus, in the end we can master the knowledgeknowledge in all fields.
Each language must have rules or we often refer to as the grammar of
each, as well as in English, there are many rules that must be considered in
their use, especially in the field of writingnya. Therefore, the author tries
to present the four principles of the many rules of English, in addition to
fulfilling the coursework also aims hopefully this short article we can add
knowledge of the English language. One of them That preposition.
Pembahasanya which will be presented in the next chapter
B. The problem formulation
1. What Is a preposition?
2. Whether the function of the preposition?
3. How do I put a preposition in a sentence?
C. Destination
From the identification of the problems mentioned above, the authors
certainly aimed to clarify or explain these points, according to the
knowledge we have obtained, either from books or from the source of our
teachers. Hopefully all provide benefits for us. If there is an error writing
or words in this paper, the authors apologize profusely.

DISCUSSION

A. Definition
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The
word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the
preposition.
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its
object to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:
The book is on the table.
The book is beneath the table.
The book is leaning against the table.The book is beside the table.
She held the book over the table.
She read the book during class.
In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space
or in time.
A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any associated
adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective,
or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across,"
"after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below,"
"beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down,"
"during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off,"
"on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout,"
"till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with,"
"within," and "without."
Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a preposition:
The children climbed the mountain without fear.
In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear." The
prepositional phrase "without fear" functions as an adverb describing how the
children climbed.

There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.
Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land." The
prepositional phrase acts as an adverb describing the location of the rejoicing.
The spider crawled slowly along the banister.
The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the
prepositional phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the
spider crawled.
The dog is hiding under the porch because it knows it will be punished for
chewing up a new pair of shoes.
Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the
porch," which acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding."
The screenwriter searched for the manuscript he was certain was somewhere in
his office.
Similarly in this sentence, the preposition "in" introduces a prepositional phrase
"in his office," which acts as an adverb describing the location of the missing
papers.Below is the complete list prepostions
about
above
according to
across
after
against
along
along with
among
apart from
around
as
as for
at
because of
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but*
by

concerning
despite
down
during
except
except for
excepting
for
from
in
in addition to
in back of
in case of
in front of
in place of
inside
in spite of
instead of
into
like
near
next
of
off

onto
on top of
out
out of
outside
over
past
regarding
round
since
through
throughout
till
to
toward
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
up to
with
within

by means of

on

without

B. Kind of preposition
1. Simple prepositions.
Simple prepositions are words like in, on, at, about, over, under, off, of, for, to etc.
Example :
In In the house
On On the desk
At At school
2. Compound preposition
A preposition that is composed of more than one word is called a compound
preposition. The last word of a compound preposition is always one of the simple
prepositions, so compound prepositions are easy to recognize. You will notice that
many of the following compound prepositions are formed with a directional word
and the simple preposition de. Remember that if a directional word is used
without de, it is no longer considered a preposition.
Compound preposition are words like
1. According to
2. Affection for
3. Affectionate to
4. Along with
5. Alternate with
6. Alternative to
7. Ambition to
8. Ambition to
9. Ambitious of
10. As for
11. As of
12. As to
13. Aside from
14. Away from
15. Because of
16. But for
17. By dint of
18. By means of
19. By reason of
20. By virtue of
21. By way of
22. Capable of
23. Capacity for
24. Confidence in
25. Confident of
26. Contrast to
27. Derogate from
28. Derogatory to

29. Descendant of
30. Descended from
31. Desires of
32. Desirous of
33. Dislike to
34. Disqualified from
35. Due to
36. Equal to
37. Equally with
38. Except for
39. Exception to
40. Fond of
41. Fondness
42. For the sake of
43. Forward of
44. Foundation in
45. Founded on
46. Hindered from
47. Hindrance to
48. In accordance to
49. In addition to
50. In behalf of
51. In case of
52. In comparison to
53. In compliance with
54. In consequence of
55. In course of
56. In front of
57. In lieu of
58. In memoriam
59. In order to
60. In place of
61. In quest of
62. In reference to
63. In regard to
64. In search to
65. In side of
66. In spite of
67. In the event of
68. In the light of
69. In view of
70. Infatuated with
71. Infatuation for
72. Insensible to
73. Instead of
74. Liking for
75. Neglectful of
76. Negligent in

77. Next to
78. On account of
79. On behalf of
80. Out of
81. Outside of
82. Owing to
83. Partiality
84. Prejudicial for
85. Prejudicial to
86. Preparatory
87. Prepared for
88. Prior to
89. Qualified for
90. Respect for
91. Respectful to
92. Result of
93. Resulted from
94. Seized upon
95. Seizure of
96. Sensible of
97. Subsequent to
98. Subsequent to
99. Together with
100. Vis-a-vis
101. With a view to
102. With an eye to
103. With reference to
104. With regard to
105. With respect to
Example :
Suddenly he emerged from behind the curtain.
He walked out of the compound
3. Participle prepositions.
Participle prepositions are words like :
1. Barring
2. Considering
3. During
4. Following
5. Given
6. Gone
7. Including
8. Notwithstanding
9. Pending
10. Regarding
11. Accepting
12. Concerning
13. Counting

14. Excepting
15. Excluding
16. Failing
17. Respecting
18. Saving
19. Touching
Example :
There was little chance of success, notwithstanding they decided to go ahead.
You did the job well, considering your age and inexperience.
4. Phrase prepositions
Phrase prepositions are phrases like because of, by means of, with regard to, on
behalf of, instead of, on account of, in opposition to, for the sake of etc.
Example :
I am standing here on behalf of my friends and colleagues.
The match was cancelled because of the rain.
He succeeded by means of perseverance.
5. Prepositions and adverbs
There are some words which can be used both as prepositions and as adverbs. If a
word is used as a preposition it will have a noun or pronoun as its object. Adverbs,
on the other hand, do not have objects. They are used to modify a verb, adjective
or another adverb.
Compare:
She sat in the armchair. (In preposition; armchair object)
Please come in. (In adverb; no object)
He stood before me. (Before preposition; object me)
I have seen him before. (Before adverb; no object)
She put the book on the table. (On preposition; object the table)
Lets move on. (On adverb; no object)
He will return after a month. (After preposition; object a month)
He came soon after. (After adverb; no object)
a.Preposition of Place
Is a preposition which shows the relationship between two or more objects. For
example: "The lamp is on the table" containing the preposition "on". This word
shows the relationship between the lamp and table space.
The most common prepositions are: in, on, under, next to, in front of, behind, at.
in, on, under, in front of, and behind clearly visible. Examples of the sentence is:
* The dog is in the box
* The cat is under the table
* The man is next to the building
However, at a more abstract concept - the preposition is used to refer to a point in
space, usually a point on a line. See below for a more detailed explanation.
In is used to indicate something that surrounds or surround us. Example:
* I sleep in my bedroom
* The desk in the room
In is also used for geographic areas such as cities and countries. For example: "I

live in London" or "I live in England".

On is used to indicate something that is on top of a surface. For example:
* I sleep on my bed
* The paper is on the desk
On also used for street names, for example: "I live on Orchard roard".
At is used to indicate something that is at a certain point, often as part of a line.
For example:
* Marzuqi is at the bus stop
* Amir is at the post office
At is also used to complete addresses, for example:
* "I live at 98 Kadudampit Road, Sukabumi, West Java."
For sure when we can use in, on or at? It depends on the perspective of the
speaker, and what is considered acceptable in English.
b Preposition of Time
Preposition of time is also used as adverbs of time. That is a word that can
provide information about when, how, where, or in a situation that is expected by
something. Words that show the time, such as: at, in, on, for, since, during,
from .... to / till / until. Before and after.
1) At is used to:
- Hours: at 5 o'clock
- Time to eat: at lunchtime, at breakfast
- Religious Event: at Rajaban, at Muludan
- Specific time: at morning, at week-end
2) In use on:
- Part of the day: in the night, in the evening
- Month: in July, in May
- Season: in autumns, in the spring
- Year: in 2010, in 2012
- Age: in seventh century
3) On used on:
- Today: on Monday, onTuesday
- Some days: on his wedding day
- Date: on (the) 30th (of) May
4) For use to say how long something is going on.
Example: Amirul Mu'minin was in Sukabumi for fiveteen years.
5) Since used to say when an event was taking place.
Example: Ahmad Marzuqi has gone since 13 o'clock.
6) During the period of time used to denote where the event occurred. Example: I
will do that during the holiday next week
7) From. . . to / till / untill and between. . . and is used to indicate how much time
is spent between starting a job until the job was finished.
Example: I will be off from the beginning until the end of Juny. - You can see her
between 1th and 10th October.
8) Before and after is used to state what will be done after the work of others or
what has been done before doing anything else.
Example: - after dinner, I will watch TV. - She arrived before five o'clock

c.Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs.

Prepositions are sometimes so firmly wedded to other words that they have
practically become one word. (In fact, in other languages, such as German, they
would have become one word.) This occurs in three categories: nouns, adjectives,
and verbs.

NOUNS and PREPOSITIONS

approval of
awareness of
belief in
concern for
confusion about
desire for

fondness for
grasp of
hatred of
hope for
interest in
love of

need for
participation in
reason for
respect for
success in
understanding of

ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS

afraid of
angry at
aware of
capable of
careless about
familiar with

fond of
happy about
interested in
jealous of
made of
married to

proud of
similar to
sorry for
sure of
tired of
worried about

VERBS and PREPOSITIONS

apologize for
ask about
ask for
belong to
bring up
care for
find out

give up
grow up
look for
look forward to
look up
make up
pay for

prepare for
study for
talk about
think about
trust in
work for
worry about

A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal verb. The word that is
joined to the verb is then called a particle. Please refer to the brief section we have
prepared on phrasal verbs for an explanation.
d.Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions

agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle

argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition

compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes

similarities)

correspond to a thing, with a person

differ from an unlike thing, with a person

live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people

e. Unnecessary Prepositions
In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using prepositions where they
are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate these words altogether, but
we must be especially careful not to use them in formal, academic prose.

She met up with the new coach in the hallway.

The book fell off of the desk.

He threw the book out of the window.

She wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. [or use "in"]

Where did they go to?

Put the lamp in back of the couch. [use "behind" instead]

Where is your college at?

f. Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases modify nouns and verbs while indicating various
relationships between subjects and verbs. They are used to color and inform
sentences in powerful ways.
g. What are the Parts of a Prepositional Phrase?

10

In simplest terms, prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and an object of a

preposition. Prepositions are indeclinable words that introduce the object of a
prepositional phrase. Indeclinable words are words that have only one possible
form. For example, below is a preposition, but belows or belowing are not possible
forms of below.
The noun phrase or pronoun that follows the preposition is called the object of the
preposition. For example, behind the couch is a prepositional phrase where behind
is the preposition and the noun phrase the couch acts as the object of the
preposition. Sometimes adjectives are used to further modify the object of the
preposition, as in behind the big old smelly green couch.
h. Formal Functions of Prepositions
Prepositions perform three formal functions in sentences. They can act as an
adjective modifying a noun, as an adverb modifying a verb, or as a nominal when
used in conjunction with the verb form to be.
i.Prepositions Functioning as Adjectives
In the following sentences, prepositional phrases perform the function of
modifying the nouns boat, pen, and car:
Look at the boat with the blue sail. Please hand me the pen next to the telephone.
Park the car beside the fence.
j. Prepositions Functioning as Adverbs
In these examples, notice how the prepositional phrases perform adverbial
functions by modifying the verbs after, stalled, and won:
The coyote runs after the rabbit. The car stalled despite the tune-up. The team
won without the starting quarterback.
k. Prepositions Functioning as Nominals
In English, sometimes words function as nouns but aren't themselves nouns. These
words are called nominals. Prepositions sometimes perform this important
function in sentences when they are used in conjunction with the verb to be. For
example:
The park is next to the hospital. The student is between an A and a B. The fight
scene is before the second act.
l. Semantic Properties of Prepositions

11

In semantic terms, the preposition functions to illustrate a logical, temporal, or

spatial relationship between the object of the prepositional phrase and the other
components of the sentence. Consider the following examples:
The dog is asleep on his bed.
In this example, the prepositional phrase on his bed indicates a spatial relationship
between the subject dog and the object bed. If the preposition on was replaced
with under or beneath the spatial relationship would be altered.
The town hasn't been the same since the war.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase since the war indicates a temporal
relationship between the verb phrase hasn't been the same and the object war.
The family survived despite the accident.
he prepositional phrase despite the accident in this sentence indicates a logical
relationship between the survival of the family and the accident.

CLOSING

A. Conclusion:

12

Preposition are words which give information about When, How, Where, or in
what circumstances something happens.Contoh: I studying at STAI Syamsul
Ulum Sukabumi, West Java
B. Suggestion:
For all of us should know what preposition, how its placement in the sentence,
as well as the function of prepisition itself.

13