Nima Mohammadi Chem Homework Chapter 14

19. Give the conditions for a neutral solution at 25C, in terms of [H+], pH, and the
relationship between [H+] and [OH-].
[H+] and [OH-] will multiply to equal 1.0*10^14
pH will equal 7, and [H+] and [OH-] concentrations will be equal.

Consider thereaction of acetic acidwater :

25.

K a=1.810

where

+
(aq)+ H 3 O
CH 3 CO 2 H ( aq ) + H 2 O(l) CH 3 CO2

a. Which two bases are competing for the proton: water and acetate.
b. Which is the stronger base: acetate because equilibrium lies to the left.
c. Its equilibrium lies to the left.
34. Which beaker best illustrates what happens when the following acids are
dissolved in water.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Right
Left
Left
Right
Right

35. Nitric, hypochlorous, ammonium, water

39. Calculate the [OH-] of each of the following solutions at 25 degrees Celsius.
Identify each solution as neutral, acidic, or basic.
[OH-][H+]=1*10^-14
a.
b.
c.
d.

1*10^-7, neutral
[OH -] = 1.6 X 10^-11M, acidic
[OH -] = 8.3 X 10^-4M, basic,
[OH -] = 3.8 X 10^-15 M, basic

41.
a. Endothermic
b. 2.3388*10^-7
42.
a. 1.7*10^-7
b. 7
c. log((2.92*10^-14)/(.1))=12.5

47. What are the major species present in a 0.250 M solution of HClO4? HNO3?
What is the pH for each?
a.
[H+]= [ClO4-]= 0.250 M
pH = 0.602
b.
The same, because it dissociates completely.
49. A solution is prepared by adding 50.0ml of 0.050m HBr to 150.0ml of 0.10m HI.
Calculate the concentration of all species present.
moles HBr = 0.050 L x 0.050 M=0.0025
moles HI = 0.150 L x 0.10 M = 0.0150

moles H+ = 0.0025 + 0.0150 =0.0175

moles Br- = 0.0025
moles I- = 0.0150

total volume = 50.0 + 150.0 = 200.0 mL = 0.200 L

[H+]= 0.0175/ 0.200=0.0875 M

[Br-]= 0.0025/ 0.200 =0.0125 M
[I-]= 0.0150/ 0.200=0.0750 M
53. What are the major species present in 0.250 M solutions of each of the following
acids? Calculate the pH of each of these solutions. a. HNO2 b. CH3CO2H
( HC2H3O2)
a.
Molarity . . . .HNO2 + H2O <==> H3O+ + NO2Initial . . . . . .0.250 . . . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . .0
Change . . . . .-x . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x . . . . .x
At. Equ. . . .0.250 - x . . . . . . . . . . x . . . . .x

Ka for HNO2 = 4.5 x 10^-4 = (x)(x) / (0.250 - x)

x will be small compared to 0.250, so drop it from the 0.250 - x term
(Rule of thumb: if ([HNO2]initial / Ka) is greater then 100, drop the x. (0.250 / 4.5 x
10^-4 = 555)
4.5 x 10^-4 = x^2 / 0.250
1.1 x 10^-4 = x^2
1.1 x 10^-2 = x = [H3O+]
pH = -log [H3O+] = -log (1.1 x 10^-2) = 1.97
b.
Ka = 1.7 x 10^-5 = x^2 / (0.250 - x) . . .again you can ignore the x.
1.7 x 10^-5 = x^2 / 0.25
4.3 x 10^-6 = x^2
2.1 x 10^-3 = x = [H3O+]

pH = -log (2.1 x 10^-3) = 2.69

61. Calculate the pH of each of the following
a.
HCl is a strong acid, so it will dissociate in solution completely. In a 0.1 M solution of
HCl, the H3O+ concentration will be 0.1 M, so pH = -log(0.1) = 1.
b. HNO3 is stronger than acetic acid
pH = -log(0.05) = 1.3
67.
The pH of 1.00x10^-2 M solution of cyanic acid HOCN is 2.77 at 25 C calculate Ka
for HOCN from this result.
73. Use table 14.3 to help order the following acids from strongest to weakest:
NO3(1-) H20 NH3 C5H5N
Nitric, Ammonia, C5H5, N
75. Use table 14.3 to help answer the following questions:
a. Nitric

b. Ammonia
c. Hydroxide
d. Ammonia
81. Calculate the concentration of an aqueous KOH solution that has pH 10.5
3.16*10^10
85. Calculate OH- H+ and the pH of .2 M solutions of each of the following amines
Triethylamine: .0089, 00000158, 5.8
Hydroxylamine: .0000469, .00013416,3.87
91. Codeine (C18H21NO3) is a derivative of morphine that is used as an analgesic,
narcotic, or antitussive. It was once commonly used in cough syrups but is now
available only by prescription because of its addictive properties. If the pH of a 1.7 x
10-3 M solution of codeine is 9.59, calculate Kb.
Kb = [C18H21O3H+][OH-]/[C18H21O3]
C18H21O3 + H2O C18H21O3H+ + OHInitial 1.7 x 10-3 M 0

~0

Equil. 1.7 x 10-3 - x x x

[H+] = 10^-9.59 = 2.57 x 10^-10
Kb = [H+]/[C18H21O3]0 = (x)(x) / 1.7 x 10^-3 - x ~ x^2 / 1.7 x 10^-3
2.57 x 10^-10 ~ x2 / 1.7 x 10^-3; (2.57 x 10^-10)(1.7 x 10^-3) ~ x^2
x ~ 9.2 x 10^-7
99. Arrange the following .1 M solutions in order of most acidic to most basic.
HCl, NH4Cl, KCl, KCN, KOH
101. Given that K_{a} for acetic acid is 1.8x10^-5 and that for hypochlorous acid is
3.0x10^{-8}, which is the stronger base, the acetate ion or the hypochlorite ion?
OCl103. Sodium azide(NaN3) is sometimes added to water to kill bacteria. Calculate the
concentration of all species in:
a 0.010 Msolution of NaN3. The Ka value for hydrazoicacid (HN3) is 1.9 X 10-5.

N3- + H2O <=> HN3 + OHKb = Kw/Ka = 1.0 x 10^-14 / 1.9 x 10^-5 =5.3 x 10^-10 = x^2 / 0.010-x
x = [HN3]= [OH-]= 2.3 x 10^-6 M
[N3-]= 0.010 M
105. Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions:
a. 5.78?!?!?
b.12.7
113. lace the speies in each of the following groups in order of increasing acid
strength. Explain why:
a. HBrO3 because more electronegative
b. HNO3 because more central oxygens bonded
c. HOCl because more electronegative
d. H3PO4 because more oxygens centrally bonded.
117.
Will the following oxides give acidic, basic, or neutral solutions when dissolved in
water? Write reactions to justify your answers.
CaO + H2O >> Ca(OH)2 ( basic)
SO2 + H2O >> H2SO3 ( acidic)
Cl2O + H2O >> 2 HClO ( acidic)
118. Will the following oxides give acidic, basic, or neutral solutions when dissolved
in water? Write reactions to justify your answers.
a.base: Li2O & H2O --> 2 LiOH ( a base)
b.acid: CO2 & H2O == H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
c. base SrO & H2O --> Sr(OH)2 (a base)