RETENTIONS OF ENERGY

By :
Name
Student ID
Entourage
Group
Assistant

: Fatahalani Rizkika
: B1K014017
: VII
:2
: Lucky Pratama Suharto

PRACTICUM REPORT OF ANIMAL PHISIOLOGY I

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER

EDUCATION
JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2015

I.

INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background
Energy capacity is to do job and is very needed in all our metabolism
activities. Feed that given to fish cultivation is a source of energy, the majority of
which is used to such metabolism on energy for life, move or swimming, such
digestion and growth. Most of the energy food must be kept internally to use in
the future of the energy that is more and more stored (with the limits) connected
with needs, animal that longer can survive without food. If energy that are stored,
the more that can be used for the process expenses such as growth, reproduction
energy, migration, hibernation, or the expenses that promotes the temperature
changes environment. Almost all enzymes are proteins (Djajasewaka, 1990).
Protein is most important essential constituent assembly which is used for
growth. Growth in the fish can be seen from the increase in the components make
up the body of fish that covers protein, fat, carbohydrate and protein, fat
vitamins., carbohydrates and vitamins in feed when consumed by fish, after
undergoing digestion process and absorbed will be used as source of energy for
financing such voluntari, replace damaged tissue and growth. Growth can be
measured from the increasing weight fish. The increase means the weight gains in
the components building blocks this body can be considered in the unit energy or
calories dikandungnnya. So the gains weight can also be considered as much
energy body (Yuwono, 2001).
Measuring the importance retention practicum energy in this time to know
how much of the energy consumed fish feeds that will be stored in the
body. During this time using patin fish (Pangasius sp,). The reason the fish Lele is
because it easy to get, can easily to kept, and make them affordable.
1.2. Purpose
The purpose of retention practicum energy is to see how much of the
energy nutrient that is consumed by fish can be stored in the body (retention
energy), and also learn the difference quality livestock feed also produce the
differences retention energy.

II. MATERIAL AND METHOD

2.1. Materials
The tools that used in practical class this time are aquarium, weight
analytic, oven, mortar, pastle, pellets printing and bomb calorimeter.
The materials used in practicum is is patin fish (Pangasius sp.), pellets,
aquades, alumunium foil.

2.2.

Methods

1. Two aquarium prepared and contents of the aquarium with water as high as 25
cm, then placed heater between the two aquarium.
2. Fish weighed and sown with its population density 3-4 fish in each aquarium.
3. Fish with the size of taken then weighed out to be known weight.
4. Fish are stored in alumunium foil and then ovened for 7 days, after dried fish
weighed to know the weight dried fish, then thresed with mortar and pastle for
2 minutes until smooth and printed to form of pellet.
5. Done measurement calory fish samples by using bomb calorimeter.
6. Counted the Retention Energy by using equations ANER
ANER = [body energy - energy body home / number of livestock feed that is
consumed by x 100%.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Result
Diket : Bobot wet fish early

: 2 Gr

The wet fish end : 7 gr

The weight dried fish early : 0.28 g
The weight dried fish end : 1.8076 gr
Energy fish bombs early : 416.3622/gr
Energy bomb fish end : 3575.8825 Kal
Energy feeds tragedy : 3983.67 Kal/gr
Asked : Retention energy big fish?
Including :
1. E. fish Early = weight Dried fish Early x Energy fish bombing Early
= 0.28 X 4,164.3622
= 2,090.0214 Kal
2. E. Fish end = dry weight End x Energy fish bombing Early of fish
= 1.8076 X 3,575.8825
= 6,463.7652 Kal
3. nutrient that is consumed by = 2.5 percent x 14 x weight wet fish
Early
= 2.5 PERCENT x 14 x 14
= 0.7 Grams
4. E. Livestock Feed = Nutrient that is consumed by x Energy Feeds
bomb
= 0.7 x 3983.67
= 2,788.541 Kal
5. ANER = Energy fish End - Energy fish Early x 100 percent.
Energy fish feeds

= 6,463.7652 Kal/g - 2,090.0214 kal/gr x 100 percent.

2788.541 Kal
= 156.84703

3.1.

Discussion
During this time used patin fish (Pangasius sp.) as an object or retention

energy. Aquarium function to place the fish will be tested retention energy, filter
fish work to make life easier for illegal fishing fish, digital scales to weigh the
weight fish, oven function to drain fish in a short time of 1 weeks,
alumunium foil to wrap fish that will plugged into oven to use, mortar and pestel
used to sublimate fish that will be made pelet, mold pelet function to score a
pelet that have been crushed by mortar and pestel and bomb calorimeter to
measure the calories livestock feed, fish samples beginning and finished make is
patin fish pellet form (Susnto, 1992).
Based on the results of experiments that have been conducted showed
energy retention of large fish by 102,37%. The proportion of energy allocated to
the various components of the energy budget changes with increasing body size of
fish. Fish fed with different compositions show different energy retention. The
greater the weight of the feed, the greater the energy retention. The amount of
food eaten fish only 10% is used for growth, while the other is used for power or
simply can not be digested. The energy obtained from food, mostly used for
metabolic activity and partly lost in the form of feces and trash metabolic secreted
(Elliot, 1997).
According to Lagler et al,. (1972) said that energy retention normal is 60-68
percent, while from the result practicum produced by percentage is slightly
different, this happens is possible because energy produced by many issued by the
body metabolism, activities for reproduction, biosynthesis and lost in the form a
dip heat energy seprerti intak, as well as the proportion energy lost through feces,
as well as energy expatriates who lost through urine, as well as energy that was
used to produce heat, as well as the energy relative the fish which are larger or due
to all the combined factors.
Retention

energy is

the

large

energy nutrient that

is

consumed

by fish that can be stored in the body . Energy Retention shows the extent the
energy nutrient that is consumed by energy to increase the body of fish. Energy is
retention maximum feeds energy that is consumed by living creature can be stored
in the body. Retention or high energy efficiency can increase the amount is

reflected from the ratio energy body to feeds amount of energy consumed by fish.
The great energy that feeds contributes gains in energy body energy body also
described the retention energy. Retention energy in the fish only a small allocated
for the growth and a half-total energy that is taken from nutrient to waste in the
form feces and excretion. Energy that converted from nutrient consumed, a
majority of them will be lost in the form heat, and only about 1/5 of the total
energy that, in the form growth. Retention Role energy plays an important role in
determining amount of energy that is absorbed by the body in the
fish (Zonneveld et al,. 1991).
Factors that affect retention energy is body size. The proportion energy that
is allocated on various components energy budget change as well as body size
fish. Retention energy was also affected by several factors, such as weaker energy
intake, increasing proportion energy lost through feces, urine tests, as well as
energy that was used to production summer, increasing energy of the body, is
relatively energy the fish which are larger. Energy Retention
influenced temperature. When temperature rises, so the process of
metabolism also will rise and more stored energy . At high temperatures 3040o C will increase metabolism so rapidly that will increase energy retention. But
in high temperature will happened denaturation of protein, protein
denaturation occurs at high temperature 45o C or more precisely on the
temperature 60o C where more than the temperature and biological functions
of proteins could be lost, so graphic that produced from the relationship between
retention energy with temperature is curve dish (Susanto, 1992). According to
Djarijah (1995), factors that determine needs daily feeds in the fish is the measure
weight and age, the difference environmental resulted from water
temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and agresifitas fish to get protein.
Tool that used to measure the amount of calories that are released in burning
compounds (in O2 excessive) compound, food, fuel is bomb calorimeter.
component bomb calorimeter namely thermometer function to measure the
temperature, stirring spoon or rod function to stir up water cooler, oxygen to
include oxygen from tanks, the cup of to put material/sample that will be burned,
wire firesticks to burn, the bom is a place of the occurrence of burning, jacket

water for the laying a bomb. Oven to drain fish so that it can become pounded so
that it would be powder, mortar and pastle function to strike a fish collage
understands that can be set up in a bomb with a bomb calorimeter, weight
technical work to know the weight fish before in oven and after ovened, medical
equipment maker pelet used to make pelet with fish material suggests that
eventually will be easier for the bomb. Materials used in during this time is patin
fish (Oreochromis deleticus) to know retention energy in the animal tests
(Marwan Effendi, 1979).
Retention is metabolic rate in energy also influenced by body size. Feed
their roles in fish cultivation because major factors in the nutrient that affect the
speed growth rate that is ration daily, protein concentration, and the energy warp
(Suhenda, 2004). According to Babalola and Adebaya (2007), protein is an
important factor that affects growth and the budget feeds. In general, protein
levels increase could add to the productivity fish. Excess energy in food
mengakinatkan can increase the accumulation of fat in the body and experienced
growth in the fish.
Feed is matter after swallowed up by animals can be digested, absorbed and
should be used for survival. Feed containing nutrition in which consists of protein,
fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, water, the level of water and energy. Nutritional
Needs for the cattle varied, but in animals that live in the waters, for example, fish
protein in feed colonies are generally higher than if it is compared with the kinds
of birds and mammals that live on land. Most of the energy food must be kept
internally to use in the future of the energy that is more and more closely
associated with the needs are stored. More and more more energy that are stored,
the more that can be used for the process expenses such as growth, reproduction
energy, migration, hibernasi value that promotes the temperature changes
environment (Mantau, 2005).
Fish that were given nutrient composition with different shows retention
energy that is different from others. Nutrient is one of the factors that can support
in the development conducting of freshwater, brackish water or sea water. Main
function is to feeds survival and growth (Djajasewaka, 1990).

Efficiency feed, from comparison between body weight gains and the total
of feed consumed. Although growth rate is relatively different between treatment,
but not followed by efficiency fodder for growing each body weight treatment
also compensated by the number of livestock feed which is equivalent to the gains
weight difference body of the fish (Mokoginta, 2004)

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on observation that has been done can be concluded that:

1. The value retention of energy at the beginning of catfish weighing 2 grams
fed with a total of 3983.67 cal energy is equal to 102.37%.
2. Factors that affect retention energy is protein in livestock feed, body size,
the number of energy that was issued , temperature, and quality feeds.

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