KUHAN A/L MANOHARAN 178212

LANDING GEAR SYSTEM

Aircraft landing gear are attached to the wing spars or other structural members.
Retractable gear must be engineered in such a way as to provide strong
attachment to the aircraft and still be able to move into a recess or well when
stowed. The trunnion is a fixed structural extension of the upper strut cylinder
with bearing surfaces that allow the entire gear assembly to move.

RETRACTION SYSTEMS
The simplest contains a lever in the flight deck mechanically linked to the
gear. Through mechanical advantage, the pilot extends and retracts the
landing gear by operating the lever.To decerease the required force we
use of a roller chain, sprockets, and a hand crank to decrease the required
force.
To decrease drag in flight some undercarriages retract into the wings
and/or fuselage with wheels flush against the surface or concealed behind
doors; this is called retractable gear.
If the wheels rest protruding and partially exposed to the air stream after
being retracted, the system is called semi-retractable.
Most retraction systems are hydraulically-operated, though some are
electrically-operated or even manually-operated

KUHAN A/L MANOHARAN 178212

Retraction Process of Landing Gear

Extension System
Operation
i.

events take place.

To lower the landing

gear, the pilot
moves the landing
gear handle to the
GEAR-DOWN
position and these

KUHAN A/L MANOHARAN 178212

ii.

The landing gear handle actuates a

switch that turns on the hydraulic pump
motor in the power pack so that it turns
in the direction shown by the arrows in
figure A.

iii.

Fluid flow through the passage and

check valve on the right side of the
pump and around the outside of the
gears.

iv.

The output from the pump moves the

gear-up check valve piston to the right
an unseat the gear-up check valve.

v.

Fluid flow into the down side of the

three actuating cylinder and forces the
pistons out. The nose gear is much
easier to move than the main gears, so
the fluid flows into and out of the nose
gear actuating cylinder through
restrictor.

Retraction System Operation

i.

When the aircraft is in the air, the pilot

can retract the landing gear by moving
the landing gear handle to the GEAR-UP.

Figure
A

KUHAN A/L MANOHARAN 178212

ii.

The landing gear handle actuates a switch that

on the hydraulic pump motor in the power pack
it turns in the direction shown in Figure B .

turns
so that

iii.

Fluid flow through the filter and the check

on the left side of the pump, around the gears
and out the right side, down to the gear-up
check valve.

valve

iv.

The fluid from the pump moves the

up check valve piston to the left,
the fluid unseat the ball and flow to the
gear-up side of each of the gear actuating
cylinders. The first movement of the piston
releases the mechanical down locks and allows
gear to retract.

gearand

v.

the

Fluid return from the gear-down side of the

actuator past the shuttle valve, which the
spring has forced to the right, back into the
reservoir.
Figure
B

Emergency Extension System

Some aircraft have an emergency release handle in
the flight deck that is connected through a
mechanical linkage to the gear up locks.
When the handle is operated, it releases the up locks and allows the gear
to free-fall to the extended position under the force created by gravity
acting upon the gear.
Other aircraft use a non-mechanical back-up, as pneumatic power, to
unlatch the gear.

KUHAN A/L MANOHARAN 178212

Landing Gear Positioning Indicator

i.

GREEN light is to indicate that the LG is DOWN and in LOCKED

position.

iv.

RED light indicates the unsafe condition such as the LG is NOT

DOWN and still in UNLOCKED or indicates that the LG is still in
transition from UP to DOWN position or vice-versa.

v.

NO LIGHT will indicate that the LG is fully UP and LOCKED.

Hydraulic system flow diagram of large aircraft nose

wheel steering system

KUHAN A/L MANOHARAN 178212

Hydraulic system flow diagram of large aircraft nose

wheel steering system.

KUHAN A/L MANOHARAN 178212