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PART 1

Numerous articles dealing with the theory and practice of SCM have been
published over the reviewed period of last 18 years,
but the topic is still under
considerable development and debate. Richard Lamming (1996) has given a
general review on lean supply chain in which Lean supply has been
characterized as beyond partnership. Lean supply is the system of
purchasing and supply chain management required to underpin lean production. .
Ben-Daya et al. (2008) explored the topic in a particular context, i.e. The
industrial district (ID), that constitutes a specific production model where
complex SC networks can be identified.
SC cooperation may take on
several forms in IDs and may produce several benefits (e. g.
Upgrading
quality and reducing costs). Vaart and Pieter (2003) drawn conclusions on the need
for an inter-disciplinary approach,
combining the technical and relational
aspects from the respective fields of system dynamics and collaboration in
order to deliver superior order replenishment performance. Gunasekaran and
Ngai (2005) indicated that E-Business,
product, and service-quality, all have
a significant direct effect on customer behavioral intentions to purchase
again. Balakrishnan and Cheng (2005) reviewed and update the methodology
based on spreadsheet that provided enhanced solutions in complex
environments with multiple products and bottleneck situations. Nagarajan and
Sosic (2004) reviewed literature dealing with buyer vendor coordination
models that have used quantity discount as coordination mechanism under
deterministic environment and classified the various models. Based on this
conceptualization of SCM, the existing literature was examined, in an effort
to identify the extent to which these underlying elements were present in
SCMacademic research to date. A review of previous literature studies, as
highlighted in Table 3 (Appendix A), provides the basis for how this review extends
our understanding of SCM research. Burgess et.al. (2006) reviewed 100
randomly selected articles from 614 usable articles found in the ABI/Inform
Database across a 19 year (1985 to 2003) period.. Their sample addressed
manufacturing and consumer goods industries, and the research articles
reviewed by them focused on a more narrowly defined operations management
approach to Supply Chain Management.
They classified the articles into four
groups, namely (1) Descriptive features of SCM, (2) Definition issues, (3)
Theoretical concerns and (4) Research methodological issues. They found
SCM to be a relatively young field with exponential growth in interest
from researchers in the recent past.
The importance of this research in
contrast to Burgess et al. (2006) is that instead of sampling 100 articles from a
pool of 614 over a 5-year period, we examined 588 articles over 18 years.
This not only makes for a more in-depth review, but provides a larger base from
which to chart the maturation of the SCM field. It also helps to assess gaps in
the literature and project future trends, thereby underscoring the importance
and robustness of this study.
Finally, Burgess et al., include books,

manuscripts and conference proceedings while this research focuses solely on


published articles in peer reviewed SCM journals. Carter and Ellram (2003)
surveyed the articles published in the Journal of Supply Chain Management for
the total period of 35 years since its launching i.e. for 1965 to 1999. Their
objective was to offer a greater understanding of the evolution of
purchasing and supply research over the first 35 years of the Journal of Supply
Chains existence, and to provide guidance and prescriptions for future
supply management research. They observed that nearly 90% of the journal
articles under study consisted of normative literature, methodology reviews, and
exploratory studies. They further noted that the use of hypothesis testing
had increased significantly over the past 10 years of their review (19891999), yet they consider that a greater use of hypothesis testing and the
scientific method is recommended as the Supply Management discipline
continued to mature. Carter & Ellram (2003) further recommended more
literaturereviews leading to the introduction of theoretical frameworks of supply
management, and the use of more sophisticated research
modeling
techniques
such
as
MANOVA/ discriminant analysis and inferential
statistical techniques. They classified the articles based on a modification of
the categories used by ISM, and proposed 32 categories for clear and unambiguous
classification, which has proved to be a milestone and has been used in
subsequent literature reviews by several researchers. The authors conclude that
purchasing and supply management, as a scientific discipline, is maturing.
It is interesting to note that the authors have consistently used the terms
purchasing and supply management,
which speaks a lot about the
stage of development of the discipline of Supply Chain Management till 1999.
Croom et al. (2000) analyze 84 studies on SCM in terms of level of analysis
and research methodologies, but the time period for their data collection is
ambiguous. Their study represents an early attempt to categorize the SCM
literature. Significant growth has taken place both in the practice and theory
of Supply chain Management since this attempt, making it necessary for
reviews of current knowledge and literature. Finally they describe and
categorize the research methods into two dimensions: theoretical and empirical
and do not provide the number of articles associated with each level of
analysis. Rungtusanatham et.al. (2003) carried out a comprehensive review of
285 SCM articles published in 6 operations management journals during a
period of 21 years from 1980-2000. They noticed the occurrence of major
changes in the last 5 years of their sampling period, and that two topics
stood out as showing fastest ascendancy to prominence-operations strategy
and supply chain management. They observed that the SCM related articles
increased significantly after the first half of 1990s, thereby implying the
increased interest of researchers in this field and accelerated growth of this
discipline. It shows that SCM is a booming and growing field, and offers plenty
opportunities in research.Giunipero et.al. (2008) in a recent literature review
of a decade of SCM literature note that the literature, in reality, is still very
fragmented and although several studies purport to discuss supply chain issues,
most of the existing research only examines one link of the chain, or more
importantly only focuses on one ingredient in the supply chain

performance mix. They pointed out that the SCM literature reviewed by them
revealed several gaps identified by them as (1) Small sample sizes (2) One-tier
investigations (3) Limited methodological analysis (4)Lack of longitudinal studies,
and (5) Limited global supply chain analysis. In view of this discussion, the authors
conclude that a broader view of SCM is needed in order to develop a wider
consensus and
resolve
the
present
conceptual
and
research
methodological confusion.
In contrast to single journal review, or limited
random review, this research surveys thirteen academic journals and reviews
588 research-based articles published during an 18-year period from 1991 to mid
2008, thereby covering the entire significant period of SCM emergence to its
evolution as a strong discipline. The authors these articles in terms of research
method, and data analysis techniques to discover the extent of research trend.
In summary, this research extends the previous literature reviews by:

Specifically focusing on multi facet SCM work in scholarly journals,


Reviewing the current 18 years period during which SCM grew as a
discipline and academic research in this field gained importance
and increased significantly.
Providing an investigation of the research methods and data analysis,
using an
established subject categorization scheme and reviewing
publication and providing insight in to the research methods and data
analysis method used in current literature.

PART 2
Supply Chain Management is a network of facilities that produce raw materials,
transform them into intermediate goods and then final products, and deliver the
products to customers through a distribution system. It spans procurement,
manufacturing and distribution (Lee & Billington 1995) the basic objective of
supply chain management is to optimize performance of the chain to add as
much value as possible for the least cost possible. In other words, it aims to link
all the supply chain agents to jointly cooperate within the firm as a way to
maximize productivity in the supply chain and deliver the most benefits to all
related parties (Finch 2006). Adoption of Supply chain management practices in
industries has steadily increased since the 1980s. A number of definitions are
proposed and the concept is discussed from many perspectives. However
Cousins et al. (2006); Sachan and Datta (2005); Storey et al. (2006) provided
excellent review on supply chain management literature. These papers define
the concept, principals, nature, and development of SCM and indicate that there
is an intense research being conducted around the world in this field they
critically assessed developments in the theory and practice of supply
management.
Gunasekaran and McGaughey (2003) extended the scope of SCM beyond
material management, partnership, information technology to the Total Quality
Management areas like management commitment, organizational structure,

training and behavioural issues. As firms' survival lies on integration, a good


understanding of the integration process is a key aspect in SCM. Mouritsen et al.
(2003) discussed that basic hypothesis the more integration (wider the scope)
the better the management of the chain" is not always true and proved that it
depends very much on the environment" of the supply chain and the power
relations between the participants in the supply chain. Authors proposed a set of
management techniques and tools to analyze successful SCM strategies. It is
also observed that research is not limited to hypothesis testing and data
analysis, but more advanced techniques like simulation, Artificial Neural
Network, and Fuzzy logic are also used for optimization and decision making in
SCM. Koh and Tan (2006) used the principles of fuzzy logic for analyzing and
monitoring performance of suppliers based on the criteria of product quality and
delivery time where as Chiu and Lin (2004) showed how the concepts of
collaborative agents and artificial neural networks (ANNs) can work together to
enable collaborative supply chain planning (SCP). It appears from literature
review that researchers have studied supply chain management from a system
perspective, or the systemic natures of interactions between the participants of
supply chain are observed. Although numerous studies views SCM from different
perspectives, this paper gives the better understanding of supply chain
activities.

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