RFID based security System

Introduction
Most educational institutions' administrators are concerned about student
security. The conventional method allowing access to students inside a
college/educational campus is by showing photo I-cards to security guard is very
time consuming and insecure, hence inefficient. Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) based security system is one of the solutions to address this problem. This
system can be used to allow access for student in school, college, and university.
It also can be used to take attendance for workers in working places. Its ability to
uniquely identify each person based on their RFID tag type of ID card make the
process of allowing security access easier, faster and secure as compared to
conventional method. Students or workers only need to place their ID card on the
reader and they will be allowed to enter the campus. And if any invalid card is
shown then the buzzer is turned on. Various applications of RFID include:
Transportation and logistics, manufacturing and processing, security, animal
tagging, waste management, time and attendance, postal tracking, airline
baggage

reconciliation,

road

toll

management,

etc.

This

technique

uses

electromagnetic fields to exchange data from a tag (like a smartcard) to an object

(a reader) for the purpose of authentication, identification or tracking.

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RFID based security System

Flow Chart
Start

RFID tag code read by RFID reader

RFID reader reads the code and send to the Arduino

Matches the database

Unauthorized entry plays buzzer doors remain

Authorized
closed
entry doors open and information displays on LCD

Figure:-1

Figure 1 show the flow chart of the proposed system in this first RFID tag code
read by the reader and decrypts it and send its information to the controller. When
the code matched with the stored information then only gate will open and display
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RFID based security System

the employee information on the LCD. If the code not matched then door remain
closed and alerts the security person through buzzer by playing sound.

Block Diagram

Figure2:-

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RFID based security System

Circuit Diagram

Arduino
It is a high performance Atmel Pico power 8-bit AVR RISC based microcontroller. It
consists of 32KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1KB
EEPROM, 2KB RAM and 23 general purpose input output lines, 32 general
purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes,
serial programmable USART, SPI serial port and 6-channel 10 bit A/D convertor.
This controller operates between 1.8V-5.5 volts. This controller interfaced with
LCD and buzzer, micro SD card using various ports.
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RFID based security System

RFID Reader
RFID Reader also known as a Proximity Coupling device (PCD) and it read a data
through the tag antenna at a certain frequency. In case of passive tag then
reader generate a radio signal so that passive tag can energized and transmit a
signal that can read by the reader. The reader translates the received information
and passed to the forwarded system through wired or wireless. A single reader
can read the data from multiple frequency based tags.

RFID Tag
RFID tag known as a proximity integrated circuit card and it can be powered by
actively or passively. RFID tags also known as transponder and one transponder
consist of antenna, microchip and battery (for active tag only). The size of the
chip generally depends on the antenna size. Antenna size and form is dependent
on the frequency that used by the tag. Active tag contain on board power source
where passive tag are inductively powered via Radio signal that generated by
RFID reader. Active tag can work in absence of reader and records the sensor
reading or perform their calculation. Passive tags can operate in presence of
reader only. In addition to the microchip, some tags contain rewritable memory
which size can varies according to the application requirement. The purpose of
microchip is to store the Unique Identification (ID) of each object. This ID act as a
serial number stored in the RFID memory. The range of RFID tags depends on
their frequency. These frequency ranges are Low Frequency (30-500 KHz), High
Frequency

(10-15MHz)

and

Ultra

High
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Frequency

(2.4-

2.5GHz).

Other

RFID based security System

performance attribute and resistance to interference determined by this
frequency range.

Liquid Crystal Display

A LCD is used as a display device. Verities of LCDs are available in market. 16*2
is a very common LCD, which has 2 rows for display. Each row can display 16
letters. It needs +5V DC as power supply. 16*2 is 16 pin LCD. 8 pins are used as
data pin and 3 pins are used as the control pin of LCDs.

Buzzer
A Buzzer is an audio output device. This buzzer interfaced with controller pins so
that when RFID tag code does not match with the stored tag data then it will play
the

sound

which

tells the person is unauthorized.

is

mechanical device which uses

Motor
A

motor

electrical power to

work

application. Here in

this project a DC motor has been

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according

to

the

RFID based security System

used to open the gate when the tag code matches with the saved code in the
software. DC motor takes very less voltage to operate and takes very less time to
open the gate.
Working
When RFID tag placed on the RFID reader then it read and through reader its code
send to the controller and then controller match this received code with stored
code if code match with the stored code then the information of the person shows
on the LCD and the door opens for authorized entry, but for unmatched entry the
gate remain closed and alerts the security person through buzzer by playing the
sound.

Material Used:1. Transformer (9V)

2. Diodes (IN4007)
3. Capacitor (470uF,1000uf)
4. Voltage Regulator (7805)
5. Resistors
6. LED
7. Arduino
8. RFID Reader
9. RFID tag
10.
LCD
11.
Opto-couplers
12.
Transistors
13.
IC bases
14.
Ribbon wire
15.
Jumper wire
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RFID based security System

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

Soldering Iron
Soldering Wire
Multimeter
PCB
Cutter
Screw & Nuts

Future Scope
If we talk about future scopes then it depends upon how innovative one could be
to enhance the use of this project. But for us this project is very useful for future
uses e.g. 1) For tagging animals.
2) Uses in ATM machines.
3) To save students by tracking their attendance.
4) Use in car lock keys and engine start by placing the card in front of reader.
5) Make things environment friendly.

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