Membrane

Table 1.
Input Parameters
Simulation Study of CO2 Separation Process by Using

Hollow Fiber Membrane
Dae-Hwan Lee, Hyung-Taek Kim
Dept. of Energy Studies, Ajou University
Wonchon-dong Yeongtong-gu
Suwon, Korea 443-749
Introduction
In accordance with the Kyoto Protocol and consecutive several
international agreements, Korea must prepare for the duty of the
reduction of CO2 emission. Most of the CO2 absorption/separation
processes are energyconsuming so that optimum arrangement of
CO2 absorption system should be acquired through the simulation. In
the present investigation, membrane separation process with hollow
fiber is simulated to find an optimum design/operation parameter for
low energy-consuming one.
The membrane separation of CO2 requires relative low energy
consumption comparing to absorption or distillation type. It can be
operated easily and inexpensively since its physical separation
mechanism. Also it is suitable to apply in a small-to-medium scale of
CO2 separation process. Therefore, system models for the CO2
separation process is set up by using the membrane separator then the
CO2 separation process is simulated with changing the parameter of
operation condition, separation characteristics by changing the shape
of mixed membrane, and etc. The optimum conditions for the CO2
separation process are obtained by analyzing the design and
operation parameters when energy requirement is the lowest.
Methods
Simulation of 1 membrane module is initially made by using the
FORTRAN program. After that using these results, 4 bundles of
membrane module connected with cascade type is also simulated.
During the simulation, operation/design parameters are calculated
such as required membrane area, number of modules, permeated CO2
concentration and the amount of permeated gas with no recycle
streams. Finally, recycle mode of membrane simulation is proceeded
by using the FORTRAN.
Simulation for 1 module. Simulation of 1 membrane module
is conducted with the overall material balance equation is below:
1 x( 1)
x
( 1) yi2 + 1
=0
yi +
R
R
R
(Vy )out
(Vy )out
A=
=
( J A )out QA ( P1 x P2 yi ) ave
(Vy )out
=
Permeate flux ( x Ryi ) ave
parameter
amount
P1
6 atm
P2
Selectivity
Permeabilit
y
0.1 atm
20
parameter
No of HF per
module
Feed rate
Length of HF
20
Pressure ratio
amount
5000
1000 m3/day
50 cm
P2/ P1
Figure 1. Overall Flow diagram

Simulation for 4 bundles of membrane without recycles.
Flow diagram of 4 bundles of membrane module is composed like a
cascade in Figure. 2. From the simulation, calculated results are
illustrated as required membrane area, number of required modules
for each bundles, total required membrane area, flow rate and CO2
concentration of permeate with no recycle streams.
L (1)
Figure 2. 4 bundles of membrane
L (2)
: selectivity
x : Feed composition
yi : Permeate composition
P1: Feed Pressure
P2 : Permeate Pressure
R : Pressure ratio( P2 P1 )
V : Permeate rate
Flow diagram of 1 membrane module simulation is illustrated in

Figure.1. Several parameters such as operating pressure are varied
during the simulation as in Table. 1. Different methods of simulation
are utilized in the current study. One method is fixing xt for 0.01, in
which xt represents the retentate composition of CO2. Then it is
calculated that required membrane area, number of required modules,
flow rate, and CO2 concentration of permeate. Another method is
fixing number of total modules as 50, then flow rate, CO2
concentration of permeate, and xt are calculated.
Simulation for 4 bundles of membrane with recycles.

Simulation with recycle streams is conducted as below. Since the
simulation is 4 bundles of membrane module with recycles,
calculation is iterated 10 times. It is calculated that required
membrane area, number of required modules for each bundle, total
required membrane area, number of total required module, flow rate,
and CO2 concentration of permeate.
Results and Discussion
Simulation for 1 module
1. Fixing xt for 0.01
The result is below in Table. 2:
Table 2. Result at fixing xt for 0.01
parameter
amount
Required membrane area
241.016 m2
No of required modules
76.72 77
Flow rate of permeate
10.144 m3/hr
CO2 concentration of permeate
37.967 %
It is simulated during changing the pressure.
Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 2004, 49(2), 829
Flow rate & concentration change
Required membrane area & No of

required modules
No of module
membrane
area(m2)
Flow rate(m3/hr)
Conc(%)
39.5
39
38.5
38
37.5
37
36.5
36
5
10
11
12
13
14
Pressure(atm)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
350
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.1
10
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.6
9.5
9.4
40
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
5
15
ya
10
11
12
Pressure(atm)
Figure 3. Flow rate & CO2

concentration change
13
14
Simulation for 4 bundles of membrane with recycles. It is

calculated that required membrane area & No required of modules
for each bundle, total required membrane area & No of required
module and flow rate & CO2 concentration of permeate with recycles.
Parameter
amount
Required membrane area(1stage)
275.448 m2
No of required modules(1stage)
87.68 88
50.111 m2
15.95 16
17.660 m2
5.62 6
10.107 m2
3.22 4
Required membrane area(total)
353.326 m2
No of required modules(total)
114
No of required HF(total)
570000
Feed flow rate
41.667 m3/hr
2.8708 m3/hr
93.866 %
Table 4. Result of 4 bundles of membrane with recycles
15
Area
Module
Figure 4. Required
membrane area & No of
required modules
2. Fixing No of modules for 50

The result is below in Table. 3:
Table 3. Result at fixing No of modules for 50
parameter
xt
amount
6.202 m3/hr
48.467 %
0.0327
Calculation is iterated 10 times. The result is below in Figure. 7

& Figure. 8.
membrane
area(m2)
It is simulated during changing the No of modules.

Perm eate flow rate change
flow rate
(m3/hr)
14
Conc(%)
Concentration change at entrance and

Comc(%)
exit
70
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
9.00E+00
8.00E+00
7.00E+00
6.00E+00
5.00E+00
4.00E+00
3.00E+00
2.00E+00
1.00E+00
0.00E+00
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
No of modules
70
80
90
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
No of modules
Figure 5. Permeate flow rate

change
80
ya
No of required modules
No of module
No of module
55
90
20
45
85
15
80
10
75
35
25
15
5
1
1stage
5 6 7 8
No of iteration
2stgae
3stgae
10
11
4stage
Figure 7. Required
membrane area
XT
Simulation for 4 bundles of membrane without recycles. It is

calculated that required membrane area & No required of modules
for each bundle, total required membrane area & No of required
module and flow rate & CO2 concentration of permeate with no
recycles.
Table 3. Result of 4 bundles of membrane without recycles
amount
237.016 m2
75.49 76
53.795 m2
17.12 18
22.884 m2
7.28 8
16.018 m2
5.10 6
329.857 m2
108
540000
41.667 m3/hr
2.4718 m3/hr
93.329 %
membrane
area(m2)
70
0
1stage
4 5 6 7
No of iteration
2stage
3stage
9 10
4stage
90 100
Figure 6. Concentration
change at entrance & exit
Parameter
Required membrane area(total)
No of required modules(total)
No of required HF(total)
Feed flow rate
Required membrane area
280
275
270
265
260
255
250
245
240
235
230
Figure 8. No of modules
Conclusions
When there are recycles, flow rate & CO2 concentration of
permeate are increased about 0.4m3/hr and 0.53%. Required
membrane area & No of required modules at 1st stage are increased.
But, required membrane area & No of required modules at other
stage are decreased. Total required membrane area & total No of
required modules is increased. Total No of required modules is
increased about 6 modules.
These results indicate that we can remove more CO2 and get the
high CO2 concentration. If more bundles are attached, the separation
units by using the hollow fiber membrane remove more CO2 and get
the high CO2 concentration. Therefore, it is very useful that CO2
separation process by using the hollow fiber membrane.
References
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
James Marriott; Eva Sorensen; Chemical Engineering Science 58, 2003,

4975-4990.
R. Wang; S. L. Liu; T. T. Lin; T. S. Chung; Chemical Engineering
Science 57, 2002, 967-976.
Li Xu; Lin Zhang; Huanlin Chen; Desalination 148, 2002, 309-313.
G. C. Kapantaidakis; G. H. Koops; Journal of Membrane Science 204,
2002, 153-171.
Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 2004, 49(2), 830

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Table 1.

Simulation Study of CO2 Separation Process by Using

Figure 1. Overall Flow diagram

Figure 2. 4 bundles of membrane

Flow diagram of 1 membrane module simulation is illustrated in

Simulation for 4 bundles of membrane with recycles.

Flow rate & concentration change

Required membrane area & No of

Figure 3. Flow rate & CO2

Simulation for 4 bundles of membrane with recycles. It is

2. Fixing No of modules for 50

Calculation is iterated 10 times. The result is below in Figure. 7

It is simulated during changing the No of modules.

Concentration change at entrance and

Figure 5. Permeate flow rate

Simulation for 4 bundles of membrane without recycles. It is

Required membrane area

James Marriott; Eva Sorensen; Chemical Engineering Science 58, 2003,

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