ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II APRIL/ MAY 2015

PART A
1. What are the impacts of nutrients on water bodies?
Increased phosphorus in water bodies through the agricultural use or
through domestic and industrial waste water will cause eutrophication and
algal blooming.
2. How do you estimate storm water runoff?
Rational formula Q= (1/36)k*Pc*A
3. Where are manholes provided in the sewerage system?
Man holes are provided in sewerage system at every bend, junction,
change of gradient or change of sewer diameter.
4. Differentiate storm sewer from sanitary sewer.
Sanitary sewers are mostly circular, laid below ground level and designed
to carry maximum quantity of sanitary sewage. Storm sewers are
rectangular, covered or open, laid with suitable gradients and designed to
carry storm water runoff.
5. What are the objectives of grit removal?
To remove the inorganic particles such as sand, gravel, grit, egg shells,
bones etc. by the process of sedimentation.
6. What is the significance of WLR in sedimentation tank design?
The WLR ensures the weir length of the sedimentation tank. If the weir
length is more,more amount of particles will settle in the settling tank.
7. Explain HRT and SRT.
HRT decides the loading rate at which the sewage is applied to the
aeration tank.
SRT = mass of biological solids/ rate of biological solids escaping from the
reactor
8. Define oxidation pond and lagoon.
Oxidation pond is defined as the stabilization pond, which receives
partially treated sewage.
Lagoon is defined as the stabilization pond which receives the raw
sewage.
9. What is the significance of Ph in anaerobic digestion?
During the digestion process, lot of organic acids are formed. These acids
are converted into methane gas by anaerobic bacteria.
10.What are the various methods of sludge disposal?
Sludge drying beds
Dumping into sea
Burial into trenches
Incineration
PART B
What are the
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II APRIL/ MAY 2011
PART A
1. What do you mean by time of concentration?
Time of concentration = Time of inlet + Time of flow

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

In the design of sewer, the storm whose duration is equal to the time of
concentration produces the maximum flow in sewer.
State the pollution control norms for effluent discharge into streams.
Under the provision of this act, no establishment can discharge waste
water into the environment without obtaining any approval from the
concerned SPCBs. A concerned or approved letter prescribes the volume
and quantity of waste water in terms of concentration of various pollutants
which is permitted for discharge into environment.
Define Design period.
The future period for which the provisions are made in the designing
capacities of the various components of the sewerage scheme is known as
design period.
Distinguish between self cleansing velocity and non scouring velocity.
Self cleansing velocity flow, the velocity of sewage is minimum and the
settling of particles avoided. In non scouring velocity, the flow velocity of
sewage is maximum and avoids the scouring action of particles on the
sewer pipes.
What is grey water harvesting and grey water?
Grey water is the water generated from wash basins, showers and bath.
Grey water harvesting is recycling this water to be used in flushing,
landscape irrigation and constructed wet lands.
Define detection time.
The length of time a particle remains in the reactor.

7. State the objectives of secondary treatment unit.

To remove and coagulate both organic and inorganic non settle able
colloidal particles which do not get removed in primary treatment plant
and to stabilize the organic matter that comes from the primary
treatment.
8. State the advantages of a UASB reactor.
Space required less, capital cost less, system requires less and simple
electronic parts and sludge produced low with less water content.
9. Define the treatment sludge conditioning.
Process of reducing water content in sludge is called sludge conditioning.
DONE TO REDUCE VOLUME OF SLUDGE OR INCREASE SOLID
CONCENTRATION
10.List out the methods of minimizing sewage sickness.
Primary treatment of sewage, depth of sewage application, drainage of
soil, period of application, rotation of crops, treatment to land
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PART A
1. What are the factors affecting the quantity of storm water?
2. Define BOD/COD ratio and state its significance.

The quantity of BOD5 to the COD is referred as BOD/COD ratio and it is

always less than 1. This ratio is very important for deciding the quantity and the
type of treatment given to waste water for the safe disposal.

3. Define sewerage system and list out the components of it.

A sewerage system consists of a net work of sewers for carrying the sewage
from individual units to the sewage treatment plant. This system consists of
house sewers, lateral sewers, branch sewers, main sewers, trunk sewers, man
holes and catch basins.
4. What are the situations where the pumping of sewage becomes essential in
sewage management?
a) The place where the basement level of the houses are lower than the invert
level of the sewer.
b) To lift the sewage from low lying area
5. What do you mean by onsite sanitation?
Onsite sanitation is the treatment process and disposal of domestic waste that
cannot be carried away by an offsite sanitation system of low density of
population. Example: septic tank
6. State the objectives of grey water harvesting.
To reduce the fresh water usage from rivers and aquifiers, to minimize the impact
from septic tank and treatment plant infrastructure.
7. When will you opt for anaerobic treatment of sewage over an aerobic process?
When there is lack of atmospheric oxygen, anaerobic treatment of sewage is
preferred over an aerobic process.
8. Waste stabilization ponds are applicable for sewage management in rural
areas only. Comment on this statement.
Waste stabilization ponds are applicable for sewage management in rural areas
only, because they may give out objectionable odours and cause the nuisance of
mosquitoes. This may be eliminated by locating the pond at a distance from the
locality.
9. What do you mean by sewage sickness?
If sewage is continuously applied to particular land the soil pores get clogged
and free circulation of free air is prevented. Anaerobic conditions develop with
decomposition of organic matter and foul smelling gases.
10.Name the feed material sources for bio gas recovery in a sewage treatment
plant.

Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria of bio

degradable materials such as manure, plant materials and crops.
CE2071- REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF STRUCTURES- MAY/JUNE 2013
PART A
1. Define defect in structures.
When a structure or a member is subjected permanently to some
unforeseen stresses exceeding its load bearing capacity, the structure
may be said to be having a defect.
2. What are weekly and monthly maintenance.
3. Weekly maintenance are checking electrical accessories, flushing sewer
line and checking leakage of water line. Monthly maintenance is checking
doors, windows, latches, checking septic tanks and cleaning of overhead
tanks.
4. List any four durability factors.
Durability factors are having enough strength, resistance to undesirable
chemical reactions, resistance to corrosion and resistance to weathering
5.Discuss the effect of temperature on concrete.
Removal of evaporable water, removal of combined water and alteration of
cement paste.
6.What are admixtures? Give examples.
Admixtures are the materials other than cement, water and aggregate
which are added in the preparation of concrete before or during mixture.
They are workability factors, accelerators and retarders.
7.What do you mean by aspect ratio?
Consider aspect ratio of 75. Any increase in the aspect ratio increases the
ultimate strength of the concrete linearly. Beyond 75, relative strength and
toughness gets reduced.
5. What is a dry pack?
Dry pack is the hand replacement of a very dry mortar and subsequent
tamping or ramming of the mortar into place producing an intimate contact
between the old and the new concrete work.
6. Explain the mechanism of cathodic protection.
7. Cathodic protection is a technique by which the electrical potential of the
steel is increased to a level at which corrosion cannot take place. It is
widely used for both steel and concrete offshore structures while on land it
has been used for the protection of pipe lines and similar structures.
8. What are the disadvantages of FRP?
Disadvantages are high cost, low shear strength, low ductility and
susceptibility to stress.
9. How do you determine the temperature attained by concrete during fire?
Fire on concrete building damages the concrete as well as steel