Prior to prescribe

Prescriber must have

P- drug (refers to lecturing material of
individual drug )

Route of drug administration (refers

to lecturing material of management

of medication)

Dosage form that appropriate for

individual patient (refers to lecturing

material of drug dosage form)

Prior to prescribe
Prescriber must have
Calculation of regimen dose (refers to
lecturing material of drug dose)

Time,frequency and duration of

medication (refers to lecturing
material of management of
medication)

Writing prescription order (refers to

lecturing material of prescription)

Prior to prescribe
Prescriber must have

Adverse drug interaction and

contraindication (refers to lecturing

material of drug interaction)

Prior to prescribe
Prescriber must have
P- drug (refers to lecturing material of
individual drug )

Route of drug administration (refers

to lecturing material of management

of medication)

Dosage form that appropriate for

individual patient (refers to lecturing

material of drug dosage form)

Drugs Admnistration
Dental Faculty - University of Padjadjaran
Dani R Firman, drg

Drugs Admnistration
The administration of drugs
medication, monitoring of
therapeutic response, &
reporting of adverse reactions

Drugs

Nomenclature (Name)
Chemical name
Preparation
Generic name
Classification
Trade Name

Drugs

Nomenclature (Name)
Chemical name
Preparation
Generic name
2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)monohydro
chloride
(C14H22N2O.HCL.H2O)
Classification
Trade
Name

Drugs

Nomenclature (Name)
Chemical name
Preparation
Generic name
Classification
lidocaine hydrochloride

Drugs

Chemical name
Generic name
(Name)
Nomenclature
lidocaine hydrochloride
Chemical name
Preparation
Trade name
Classification
Xylonor

Xylonor

Xylonor
Local or nerve block injections
Lancing of submucous abscesses
Extraction of mobile, deciduous or
permanent teeth

Adjustment and fitting of crowns and bridges

or bands in orthodontic treatments

Scaling

Six Rights of Drug

Administration
Right patient

Right route

Right drug

Right time

Right dose

Right Documentation

Drugs Admnistration
Route of Administration
Interval of Administration
Time of Administration
Duration of Therapy
Technique of Administration

Drugs Admnistration
Route of Administration
The route of
of Administration
administration (ROA)
Interval

that is chosen may have a profound

of Administration
Time
effect upon
the speed and efficiency
with which the drug acts

Duration of Therapy

Technique of Administration

The reasons :

Most Convenience (oral)

To maximize concentration at the site
of action

Minimize it else where (topical)

To prolong the duration of drug
absorption

Avoid the firstpasseffect

 Alternative routes of administration

like suppository, intravenous,

intramuscular, and sublingual avoid
the first-pass effect because they allow
drugs to be absorbed directly into the
systemic circulation.

The reasons :

Most Convenience (oral)

To maximize concentration at the site
of action

Minimize it else where (topical)

To prolong the duration of drug
absorption

Avoid the firstpasseffect

First - pass - effect

is a phenomenon of drug metabolism
whereby the concentration of a drug
is greatly reduced before it reaches
the systemic circulation. It is the
fraction of lost drug during the
process of absorption which is
generally related to the liver and gut
wall.

Possible Route Entry

Enteral
Parenteral

Enteral Routes
Enteral : GT
sublingual - placed under the tongue
oral - swallowing
rectum - Absorption through the
rectum

Parenteral Route
Intravascular (IV, IA)- placing a drug
directly into the blood stream

Intramuscular (IM) - drug injected

into skeletal muscle

Subcutaneous - Absorption of drugs

from the subcutaneous tissues

Inhalation - Absorption through the

lungs

Intravena
Absorption phase is bypassed
(100% bioavailability)
1.precise, accurate and almost
immediate onset of action,

2. large quantities can be given, fairly

pain free

Bioavailability
The fraction of unchanged drug

reaching the systemic circulation in

following administration by any route

Measure of both rate and extent of

drug that reaches the general
circulation from an administered
dosage form.

Factor affecting
Bioavailability :
Patient variable
Pharmaceutical variable
Route of administration
Time of administration

How to calculate
Bioavailability of drug :
Comparing :
Drug blood concentration or urinary
drug excretion

From

Any dosage form

With

IV administration

Bioavailaability is expressed on scala 1 100 %

 RODA-Bioavailability (%)
Oral

: 5 to < 100

Rectal : 30 to < 10
I.V. : 100
I.M. : 75 to < 100
S.C. : 75 to < 100

 RODA-Bioavailability (%)

Topical

:-

Inhalation

: 5 to < 100

Transdermal : 80 - 100

Sedasi N20

 The ROA is determined by the

physical characteristics of the drug,

the speed which the drug is absorbed
and/ or released, as well as the need to
bypass hepatic metabolism and
achieve high conc. at particular sites

 No single method of drug

administration is ideal for all drugs in

all circumstances

dentaldrugs.co.cc