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Assignment Principle Of Manager

1.

2. Organizational culture defines a jointly shared description of an organization


from within. Bruce Perron . A system of shared meanings and common beliefs

held by organizational members that determines, in a large degree, how they act
towards each other. Organizational culture is a system of shared assumptions,
values, and beliefs, which governs how people behave in organizations. These
shared values have a strong influence on the people in the organization and dictate
how they dress, act, and perform their jobs. The customs, rituals, and values shared
by the members of an organization that have to be accepted by new members.
Three primary implication of organizatonal culture is Innovation and risk taking.
The degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take
risks.Attention to detail. The degree to which employees are expected to exhibit
precision, analysis, and attention to detail.Outcome orientation. The degree to
which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on technique and
process.People orientation. The degree to which management decisions take into
consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.Team
orientation. The degree to which work activities are organized around teams
rather than individuals.Aggressiveness. The degree to which people are
aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing.Stability. The degree to which
organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to
growth.

3. Factor that influence the strength of organizational culture is

4. Demographic charateristic is of a population expressed statistically, such as age,


sex, education level, income level, marital status, occupation, religion, birth rate,

death rate, average size of a family, average age at marriage. A census is a


collection of the demographic factors associated with every member of a
population. The demographic characteristics that we tend to think of when we think
of diversityage, race, gender, ethnicity, etc.are just the tip of the iceberg. These
demographic differences reflect surface-level diversity, which are easily perceived
differences that may trigger certain stereotypes, but that do not necessarily reflect
the ways people think or feel. Such surface-level differences in characteristics can
affect the way people perceive others, especially when it comes to assumptions or
stereotyping. However, as people get to know one another, these surface-level
differences become less important and deep-level diversitydifferences in values,
personality, and work preferencesbecomes more important. These deep-level
differences can affect the way people view organizational work rewards,
communicate, react to leaders, negotiate, and generally behave at work.

5. Many individual factors affect a person's ethical behavior at work, such as


knowledge, values, personal goals, morals and personality. The more information
that you have about a subject, the better chance you will make an informed, ethical
decision.For example, what if you had to decide whether to approve building a new
company store? What if you did not have the knowledge that the store would
disturb an endangered species nest? Without the appropriate knowledge, you could
be choosing an unethical path.Values are an individual's judgment or standard of
behavior. They are another individual factor that affects ethical behavior. To some
people, acting in an improper way is just a part of doing business. Would you feel
that it is ethical to make up lies about your competitor just to win a contract? Some
people's standard of behavior will feel that lying for a business financial win is not
unethical.Morals are another individual characteristic that can affect an individual's
ethics. Morals are the rules people develop as a result of cultural norms and values
and are, traditionally, what employees learn from their childhood, culture,
education, religion, etc. They are usually described as good or bad behavior. Would
you have good morals if you pushed a product on a customer that you knew was
not going to help solve a problem?Many ethical work situations will also be affected
by a person's goals. Which characteristics do you feel are worthy to aspire to? Is
financial gain ranked ahead of good character or integrity? If your personal goals
are about acquiring wealth no matter what the consequence, then you might act
unethical in the future.Lastly, an employee's personality plays an important factor in
determining ethical behavior. Do you enjoy risk or do you prefer the safe route?
Individuals who prefer to take risks tend to have a higher chance of unethical
conduct at work. For example, if you are willing to risk dumping chemicals into a
nearby water supply to launch a profitable drug, then your riskiness could end up
creating health issues in local citizens for the sake of financial gain.

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