Plants

Instructions: Follow all guidelines listed for how to complete the packet. The packet
will require drawing, coloring and answering questions. There will be a test covering
this material so do it yourself and dont copy other people.
1. In the space below, design and diagram a hypothetical plan phylogeny
showing the four main groups of extant plant phyla: Brophytes,
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. Include characteristics that
are unique to each group.

2. What are some adaptations that distinguish land plants from charophycean
algae? Be sure to include at least one sentence about each difference so you
know what they mean.

3. Label the diagram below outlining the alternation of generations. Include:

Mitosis, Meiosis, Fertilization, Haploid side, Diploid side, Spores, gametes,
diploid saprophyte, n, 2n. This diagram shows the basic idea behind the
alternation of generations. Each type of plant follows the basic outline below
with modifications and differences.

Plants

What is the only thing

Meiosis is used for?
Remember: Mitosis and
Meiosis are NOT THE
SAME THING!

Plants must move materials without a circulatory system. Water and

minerals must be moved from the roots to the leaves. Carbohydrates
produced by photosynthesis must be moved to the rest of the plant and to
the stems / roots for storage.
4. Label the diagram below showing how water moves from the roots, up the
stem, to the leaves and then out into the surrounding air. Include water
potential numbers to show understanding that water moves from higher to
lower water potential areas. Label where adhesion and cohesion occur (they
play a role in moving water up a tree against gravity.

Plants

What is cohesion?

What is
adhesion?

Compare root hairs

to microvilli in terms
of surface area

5. Sugar produced in the leaves by photosynthesis must be transported to other

parts of the plant. Label the picture below to show how sucrose
manufactured in mesophyll cells can travel. Label the picture that shows how
active transport is responsible for moving sucrose into companion cells and
sieve-tube members. *Translocation is a word that gets used more than once
in this course. Here, translocation means sugar moving from source to sink.

How does this pump

compare to the ATP
Synthase of the lightdependent reaction?

Plants
Label the second picture which outlines pressure flow in a sieve tube.

What does source to

sink even mean?

6. Plants must exchange gases in the leaves for photosynthesis. Label the
picture below to show the mechanisms and structural components involved in
gas exchange.

Plants

What is the roll of the

guard cell in gas
exchange?

7. Plants require a variety of nutrients in order to grow, develop, function and

reproduce. Some plants form symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
Label the diagram of the relationships between the soybean plant and the
Rhizobium bacteria.

What type of symbiosis

is displayed in this
relationship?

8. Terrestrial plants reproduce using a variety of different mechanisms. We are

primarily concerned with the reproduction of the angiosperm (flowering

Plants
plants.) Label the picture of the flower with all important reproductive
components.

What is the significance

in the height differences
in the stigma and anther
on the flowers above?

9. In the space below, draw a detailed picture outlining the reproductive cycle of
angiosperm plants. Include: how the pollen gets to the egg, what happens
after fertilization, the development of the seed, the diploid cells, the haploid
cells, mitosis, meiosis, and all other necessary labels.

Plants respond to their environment as all living things do. Plants use several
different types of hormones to perform cell communication so that response
can occur.
10.Fill in the chart below that discusses the various plant hormones and their
role.

Plants

Hormone

Major functions in plants. Examples.

Auxin (IAA)

Cytokinins

Gibberellins

Abscisic Acid

Ethylene

Brassinostero
ids

11.What is an example of a negative feedback mechanism that plants use in

response to a shortage of water? How is this negative feedback system
similar to that found in humans in regards to blood glucose regulation?

Plants

12.How is fruit ripening an example of positive feedback in plants? What

hormone is responsible for the ripening of fruit?

13.How do plants use apoptosis after flowers have completed their role in
reproduction?

14.Plants respond to light in a variety of ways. What is a photoperiod? What is

photoperiodism in plants? How does photoperiodism control flowering?

Plants

In the space below, draw pictures showing how a plant can move in response
to light. Make sure you include the cells and what happens to them during
the response.

15.Plants have a variety of other response that are not due to light. What is the
plant response to gravity? What part of cells allows them to distinguish up
from down? Draw a series of three pictures that demonstrate what would
happen to plant growth if a plant was allowed to grow, rotated clockwise 90
degrees, allowed to grow, then rotated counterclockwise 90 degrees.

Plants
16.A plant response to mechanical stimuli is known as what?

17.How does a plant respond to various stresses like flooding, salt and heat?

18.Plants have defensive systems that protect them from herbivores, bacteria,
fungi and viruses. In the space below, draw a diagram that shows how a corn
plant can recruit invertebrates to protect it from herbivores.

19.Discuss the multiple line defense mechanisms that many plants employ.
Include information on Gene-for-Gene Recognition and Systemic Acquired
Resistance. How do plants initialize an immune response that will localize an
infection by destroying the infected and adjacent cells to protect the rest of
the plant?