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Thermal Energy
7
The word "thermal" derives from the Greek word for heat, so thermal energy is
technically heat. When engineers talk about thermal energy it is usually a bad thing -- How to Make Your
Own Passive Heat
waste. For example, an incandescent light bulb puts out light, but it actually puts out
Solar Panel Using
more heat than light. When your laptop computer warms your lap, that does nothing to Aluminum Cans
help you do calculations -- it is wasted energy. This wasted energy is almost
1.1k
everywhere -- car engines, cellphones, televisions. This form of thermal energy has
nothing to do with the sun. List of Renewable
Energy Resources
A lot of the time, thermal energy refers to energy wasted as heat -- like
burning money.
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Heat from miles below the surface of the Earth can do more than make
impressive sights; it can create electricity.
Solar Energy
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Solar Energy
There are two general approaches to extracting energy from sunlight. The first
approach is called photovoltaic. In the photovoltaic approach, sunlight is captured in a
semiconductor material and the semiconductor puts that energy right into its electrons.
When the electrons are pulled out and sent through a circuit, they directly provide
electrical energy. As long as the sun shines, the electricity comes out. Most solar panels
work better when they are cooler -- so when they collect too much of the sun's
thermal energy, it is a problem. This is solar energy that is not thermal energy.
Solar Thermal
The other approach to extracting energy from sunlight is solar thermal. With solar
thermal, sunlight is used to heat up a liquid. This is done either by running pipes
centered above long rows of parabolic trough mirrors that focus sunlight on the pipes,
or by pointing an entire field of mirrors at a big tank. In this approach the whole idea is
to use as much of the sun's energy as possible, converting it to heat. In both
approaches, the liquid within the containers heats up and is then used to directly or
indirectly drive a turbine to produce electricity. With careful design, a solar thermal
plant will keep the liquid hot enough to produce electricity for several hours after the
sun goes down. This is a case where the thermal energy is all produced by the sun --
meaning that thermal energy and solar energy, in this case, are exactly the same thing.
This field of mirrors concentrates solar energy on a tank, heating the liquid
to drive a turbine.
References
National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Geothermal Technologies
National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Concentrating Solar Power Research
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