Unit-2

Vapour compression Refrigeration

1. Explain a simple vapour compression cycle giving clearly its flow diagram?
Vapor-compression cycle
The vapor-compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators as well as in many large
commercial and industrial refrigeration systems. Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the
components of a typical vapor-compression refrigeration system.

Figure 1: Vapor compression refrigeration

Figure 2: TemperatureEntropy diagram

The thermodynamics of the cycle can be analyzed on a diagram as shown in Figure 2. In

this cycle, a circulating refrigerant such as Freon enters the compressor as a vapor. From point 1
to point 2, the vapor is compressed at constant entropy and exits the compressor as a vapor at a
higher temperature, but still below the vapor pressure at that temperature. From point 2 to point 3
and on to point 4, the vapor travels through the condenser which cools the vapor until it starts
condensing, and then condenses the vapor into a liquid by removing additional heat at constant
pressure and temperature. Between points 4 and 5, the liquid refrigerant goes through the
expansion valve (also called a throttle valve) where its pressure abruptly decreases, causing flash
evaporation and auto-refrigeration of, typically, less than half of the liquid.
That results in a mixture of liquid and vapor at a lower temperature and pressure as shown at
point 5. The cold liquid-vapor mixture then travels through the evaporator coil or tubes and is
completely vaporized by cooling the warm air (from the space being refrigerated) being blown

by a fan across the evaporator coil or tubes. The resulting refrigerant vapor returns to the
compressor inlet at point 1 to complete the thermodynamic cycle.

1. Why a throttle valve is used in vapour compressor refrigeration rather than an

expansion cylinder to reduce the pressure between the condenser and evaporator?
2. What are the merits demerits of vapour compression refrigeration system over vapour
absorption system?
4.Distinguish between wet and drycompression by clearly mentioning the advantages of each
over the other .
5.Explain the actual vapour compression system on p-h chart clearly showing the difical
variation from the theorytical system.
6.Draw the refrigeration cycle on T-s diagram.When the refrigerant is a dry and saturated at
the end of the compression and find an expression for the C.O.P.interms of.
(1)Temperature and entropies.
(2)Enthalpy.
7.Explain the the construction of T-S and P-h diagrams and state wht P-h diagram is more
suitable for calculations over T-S diagram..
8.Derive an expression for C.O.P of vapour compression cycle from T-S chart when the
refrigerant is dry sarturated before compression.
9.A food storage refrigerator of 15ton capacity is maintained at 10c and condenser
temperature is 25c.The refrigerant ammonia is superheated by 7c before entering
compressor.Saturated liquid enters the throttle valve.Find the cop and the power required to
run the plant.Neglect all losses
Tempc Enthalpy kj/kg Entropy kj/kg-k specificheat
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour

Liquid Vapour

25

298.9 1465.8

1.124 5.03

4.6

-10

135.37 1433.0

0.544 5.47

2.8
-

10.A vapour compression refrigeration works with R-12.

The temp of refrigerant in the evaporator is -20c.Dry and saturated vapour enters the
compressor.The condensing temp is 30c.Determine.
(1)Condition of vapour at the enters to condesor.
(2)The cop of the machine.
TempC

Enthalpykj/kg

Entropy kj/kg-k

Liquid Vapour

Liquid Vapour

-20

17.82 178.73

0.0731 0.7087

30

64.59

0.2400

199.62

0.6853

11.A refrigerant R-12 vapour compression system operating at acondesor temperature of 40c
and Determine temp of -5c,develops 15 tons of refrigeration.Determine,
(1)The mass flow rate of refrigerant
(2)The piston displacement per ton of refrigeration
(3)The theoretical power of the compressor and power per ton of the refrigeration
(4)Actual C.O.P of the cycle.
12.A refrigerator using Freon-12 operates between saturation temp of -10c and 60c,at which
temp the latents heats are 156.32kj/kg and 113.52 kj/kg respectively.The refrigerant is dry
saturated at entry to the compressor and the liquid is not undercooled in the condenser.The
specific heat of liquid Freon is compressed isentropically in the compressor. using no
informationthan that given,calculate the temperature at the compressor delivary,and the
refrigerating effect per kg of Freon.
13.discuss the use of superheated cucle in vapour compression refrigeration.
14discussthe use of subcooled cycle in vapor compression refrigeration system.
15what is the sub-cooling and super heating? Explain with the help of diagram. Why
issuperheating considered to be good in certain cases?
16.Under what circumstances super heating of refrigerant vapour before compression is
objectionable?
17.In avapour compression refrigerator,the working fluid is super heated at the end of
compression and is under cooled in the condenser before throttling.Sketch a working cycle on
temperature entropy diagram and show how theoretical C.O.P may be calculated from this
diagram.

18.A refrigeration circuit is to cool a romm at 0c Using outside air at 30c to reject the
heat.The refrigerant is R134a.The temperature difference at the evaporator and the condenser
is 5k.Find the carnot C.O.P for the refrigeration cycle and the ideal vapour compression cycle
C.O.P when using R134a.
19.A refrigerating unit is working between 40c and -10c.The load on the unit is 5 tons.Find,
(1)COP of the system
(2)power required to run system
Assume that the refrigerant is dry and saturated vapour leaving the evaporator and
compression is isentropic.The refrigerant used is NH.If the temperature of the refrigerant
required in the evaporator is -20c then,find the change in C.O.P of the system and the power
required
20.A vapour compression refrigerator works between the pressure limits of 60bar and
25bar.The working fluid is just dry at the end of the compression and there is no under
cooling of the liquid before the expansion valve.Determine,
(1)C.O.P of the cycle and
(2)Capacity of the refrigerator if the fluid is at the rate of 5kg/min.
Data:
Pressure Saturation temp Enthalpy(kj/kg) Entropy( )
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vap
60

295

151.96 293.29 0.554 1.033

25

261

56.32

322.58 0.226 1.246

21.A simple vapour compression plant produces 5 tons of refrigeration.The enthalpy values at
inlet to compressor,at exit from the compressor,and at exit from the condenser are
183.19,209.41 and 74.59kj/kg respectively.Estimate,
(1)The refrigerant flow rate
(2)The cop
(3)The power required to drive the compressor and.
(4)The rate of heat rejection to the condenser

22.A15TR feron22 vapour compression system operates between a condenser temperature of

40c and an evaporator temperature of 5c.