Table Of Contents
Abstract 2
Harmonic Motion 23
Abstract
dimensions.
y’’ + y = 0 (eq.2)
Let us pose the question: are there 3rd order O.D.E.’s with
associated with them? Well why don’t we start our search for the
answer to that question by creating a 3rd order O.D.E by
form
C = B2
wave” equation.
When B ≠ 0 then (eq.1) may be thought of as the
part of (eq.8).
often the case that units are chosen so that both c the speed of
generality.
from
in later papers.
structure.
be defined by
i = (-1)(1/2)
as follows:
1 ↔ (1,0)
i ↔ (0,1)
i = (-1,0)(1/2)
so that
i2 = (-1,0) = -1
i1 = i
i2 = -1
i3 = -i
i4 = 1
identification.
1 <=> (1,0,0).
j = (-1,0,0)^(1/3) (equa.10a)
so that
exploited later.
j = (-1)^(1/3) (eq.10b)
and
j^3 = -1 (eq.11)
any of the three cube roots of -1 <=> (-1,0), because the three
denotes exponentiation.
j^3 = -1 (eq.12a)
j^4 = -j (eq.12b)
j^5 = -j^2 (eq.12c)
u = a + jb + (j^2)c (eq.12e)
v = x + jy + (j^2)z (eq.12f)
commutative.
(a, b, c) + (x, y, z) = (a + x, b + y, c + z)
number, then
u = v if and only if
a = x
b = y
c = z
the additive inverse is (-a, -b, -c). And it can be shown that
L = a^2 + bc (eq.14b)
M = ac – b^2 (eq.14c)
N = c^2 + ab (eq.14d)
(a, b, c) ≡ a + jb + (j^2)c
identity.
The Cubic Complex Exponential Function
y’’’ – y = 0,
y’’ + y = 0
We have
+ ...
+(1/7!)(x^7)+...]+j^2[(1/2!)(x^2)-(1/5!)(x^5)
notation + ... appears after the third term, on the right sides
the ratio test for example, that each of these infinite series
So then with the aid of equations 17a, 17b and 17c, we may
or equivalently as
ejx = ∑ j(k-1)Fk
variable theory.
independent solutions of
y’’’ + y = 0. (eq.19)
F1’ = - F3 (eq.20).
(eq.17c). We obtain
F3´= F2 (eq.22)
F1’’ = - F2 (eq.23)
respect to x results in
F2´ = F1 (eq.25)
F1’’’ = - F1 (eq.25a)
or equivalently
F1’’’ + F1 = 0 (eq.26)
y’’’ + y = 0. (eq.27)
B = -1.
y’’’ + y = 0
y’’ + y = 0.
Now we will show that the three fundamental functions, F1 ,F2 and
of
y’’’ + y = 0 (eq.28a)
y(0) = 1, (eq.28b)
y’(0)= 0 (eq.28c)
y’’(0) = 0 (eq.28d)
y’’’(0) + y(0)= 0
y’’’(0) + 1 = 0 or
y’’’(0) = -1 (eq.29)
will obtain
y(4) + y’ = 0 (eq.30)
y(4)(0) + y’(0)= 0
y(4)(0) = 0 (eq.31)
and
y(5)(0) + y’’(0) = 0
now substituting
y(5)(0) = 0 (eq.34)
following
y(6)(0) = 1 (eq.35)
+(1/24)y(4)(0)x4 + (1/5!)y(5)(0)x5
+ (1/6!)y(6)(0)x6 + ...
y’’’ + y = 0
complex variables.
Let
X + iY = (a + ib)(x + iy)
X = ax – by (eq.38a)
Y = bx + ay. (eq.38b)
b a
det(M1) = a2 + b2 (eq.40)
that
a2 + b2 = 1
transformation.
on account of (eq.14).
Since u and v are cubic complex variables, their
uv = X + jY + j2Z
(eq.42b)
Then therefore, by the definition of the equality
X = ax - bz- cy
Y = ay + bx - cz
Z = az + cx + by
follows:
X = ax – cy - bz (eq.43a)
Y = bx + ay - cz (eq.43b)
Z = cx + by + az (eq.43c)
denote by M2 is given by
M2 = a -c -b
b a -c
c b a
shown that
X3 - Y3 + Z3+ 3XYZ =
theory.
that
equas.(17a, 17b and 17c). The relationship holds true for all
variables
(a, b) ==> a2 + b2
so that
Harmonic Motion
u’’ + u = 0. (eq.47)
= (cos(t))2 + (sin(t))2 = 1
so that
equation
y’’ + By’ + Cy = 0
order equation
y’’’ + y = 0.
u’’’ + u = 0. (eq.50)
F1’ = - F3 (eq.20)
F1’’ = - F2 (eq.23)
F1’’’ = - F1 (eq.25a)
“differential identities,
(f1)2 + (f1’)2 = 1
(f2)2 + (f2’)2 = 1
that are associated with simple harmonic motion and that were
follows:
Now let u = F1 . We may easily calculate u’ and u’’ from (eq.20) &
u’’ = F1’’ = - F2
so that
u’ = - F3
u’’ = - F2
Substituting u = F1 and
u’ = - F3
u’’ = - F2
or
L(F1) = 1 (eq.54a)
u’ = F1
u’’ = - F3
L(F2) = - 1 (eq.54b)
L(F3) = 1 (eq.54c)
(L(Fn))2 = 1 (eq.55)
is defined by (eq.52).
operator P be defined by
combined by writing
P(fn) = 1 (eq.57)
subsequent papers.
Footnotes:
2.)
complex unit to the nth order. The nth order complex unit
jn been defined by
jn = (-1,0,0,...)^(1/n)
3.)
The author outlined in an informally distributed 1980 paper, a