CHEMISTRY 15

PROBLEM SET 2
CHEMICAL BONDING
1. Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and ions. In each case, the first
atom listed is the central atom.
a. POCl3
e. SO22b. SCl2
f.
ClO2c. NO3
g. XeO4
d. NF3
2. Decide whether the following Lewis structures are correct. Indicate the error(s) in each incorrect
structure.
a.

OCN-

b.

C2-

2-

c.

OCl-

d.

NO

Cl

3. Draw the Lewis structure for the following and indicate the formal charge of the central atom.
a. BF3
c. NO2e. PCl5
b. ICl4
d. SO42f.
PCl24. The structure of nitrous oxide (N2O) has the atomic arrangement N N O. Draw all resonance
structures for nitrous oxide. Indicate all non-zero formal charges in each structure.
5. The skeletal structure of N,N-dimethylformamide is

C
H

H
C

N
H

H
H

a. Complete the Lewis structure.

b. Draw a resonance structure for the molecule in (a).
6. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms:
a. Polar bond and nonpolar bond
b. Ionic bond and polar covalent bond
c. Covalent bond and IMFA
7. In each of
a. CF
b. CH
c. CF

SET A

the following groups, predict which bond is the most polar.

SiF
GeF
d. PCl
SCl
SiH
SnH
e. NH
OH
CH
CCl
CBr

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MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND POLARITY

8. Use the VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the following molecules and ions.
a. SOCl2c. BrF4+
e. PCl3
2b. SeO4
d. HCN
f.
SeH2
9. Which of the following molecules would you expect to be polar? For the molecules that are polar,
indicate the polarity of each bond by showing the direction of the net dipole moment of the
molecule.
a. NH3
c. SiF4
e. OCS
b. NH2OH
d. PCl3
f.
CS2
LIQUIDS, SOLIDS AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION
10. Describe the essential nature of the three (3) types of intermolecular forces of attraction (IMFA).
11. Predict the order of boiling points of the compounds in each of the following sets. Explain.
a.
CH3CH2OH
CH4
CH3-O-CH3
C6H14
b.
CH3OH
C3H8
N2
N2O
12. Briefly describe each of the following physical properties. How would these depend on the
strength of IMFA?
a. Surface tension
c. Viscosity
e. Heat of fusion
b. Vapor pressure
d. Melting point
f.
Volatility
13. Identify the most important inter-unit or inter-particle force present in the solids of each of the
following:
a. NH4Cl
c. Xe
e. CHCl3
b. Hg
d. BF3
f.
H2O
14. In each of the following pairs, which would you expect to have the higher boiling point? Explain.
a. C17H36 or C10H22
c. CH3CH2SH or CH3CH2OH e. HCl or LiCl
b. C3H8 or (CH3)2O
d. HF or HCl
15. Distinguish between the following pairs:
a. Crystalline solid and amorphous solid
b. Ionic solid and molecular solid

c.
d.

Molecular solid and covalent network solid

Metallic solid and covalent network solid

16. What type of solid will each of the following substances form?
a. CO2
c. SiO2
b. I2
d. C10H8 (naphthalene)
17. Describe what goes on in the following processes:
a. Vaporization
c.
b. Sublimation
d.

e.
f.

NaCl
Na

Freezing
Supercooling

18. A certain substance condenses at 80C and freezes at -25C.

a. Sketch the cooling curve of the substance.
b. Describe the kinetic energy and potential energy at the following temperatures: at 0C; at
100C; and at 80C.

SET A

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Ans:
Temperature, oC
0
80
100

Kinetic energy
decreasing
constant
decreasing

Potential energy
constant
decreasing
constant

c. What is the melting point and freezing point of the substance? Ans: FP = MP = -25 oC
d. What is/are the phase(s) of the substance at the following temperatures: at -50C; at -25C;
50C; and at 85C?
Ans:
Temperature, oC
Phase(s)
Temperature, oC
Phase(s)
-50
solid
50
liquid
-25
solid and liquid
85
gas
GASES

1. In your own words, define or explain the following terms or symbols:

(a) atm
(b) STP
(c) R
(d) partial pressure
2. A sample of O2(g) has a volume of 26.7 L at 762 mm Hg. What is the new volume if, with the
temperature and amount of gas held constant, the pressure is (a) lowered to 385 mm Hg;
and (b) increased to 3.68 atm? Ans: (a) 52.8 L (b) 7.27 L
3. A 685 mL sample of Ne(g) is at 752 mm Hg and 26 oC. What will be the new volume, with the
pressure and amount of gas held constant, if the temperature is (a) increased to 98 oC; and
(b) lowered to -20 oC? Ans: (a) 850 mL (b) 580 mL
4. We want to increase the volume of a fixed amount of gas from 57.3 to 166 mL while holding
the pressure constant. To what temperature must we heat this gas if the initial temperature
is 22 oC? Ans: 855 K or 577 oC
5. What is the volume at STP of a 49.6 g sample of acetylene (C2H2) gas? Ans: 42.7 L
6. What volume of Cl2(g) would you measure at STP if you needed a 250.0 g sample of Cl 2(g)?
Ans: 79.1 L
7.

A 40.0-L cylinder contains 285 g SO2(g) at 27 oC. What is the pressure, in atmosphere,
exerted by this gas? Ans: 2.7 atm

8. A 0.418-g sample of gas has a volume of 115 mL at 66.3 oC and 743 mm Hg. What is the

molar mass (g/mol) of this gas? Ans: 104

9. What is the density, in g/L, of CO2(g) at 32.7 oC and 758 mm Hg? Ans: 1.75

10. A method of removing CO2(g) from a spacecraft is to allow CO2 to react with LiOH. How many
liters of CO2(g) at 25.9 oC and 751 mm Hg can be removed per kilogram of LiOH consumed?
The reaction is:
2LiOH(s) + CO2(g) Li2CO3(s) + H2O(l)
Ans: 519 L
11. What is the volume, in liters, occupied by a mixture of 15.2 g Ne(g) and 34.8 g Ar(g) at 7.15
atm pressure and 25.7 oC? Ans: 5.57
12. A balloon filled with H2(g) at STP has a volume of 2.24 L. A 0.10 mol He(g) is added to the
balloon. Then the temperature is raised to 100 oC while the pressure and amount of gas are
held constant. What is the final gas volume (L)? Ans: 6.12 L

SET A

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13. An 89.3 mL sample of wet O2(g) is collected over water at 21.3 oC at a barometric pressure
of 756 mm Hg (vapor pressure of water at 21.3 oC = 19 mm Hg). (a) What is the partial
pressure of O2(g), in mm Hg, in the sample collected? (b) How many grams of O 2 are present
in the sample? Ans: (a) 737 mm Hg (b) 0.115 g
14. Which of the following give(s) a true statement when comparing 0.50 mol H 2(g) and 1.00 mol
He(g) at STP? The two gases have equal (a) average molecular kinetic energies; (b) molecular
speeds; (c) volumes; and (d) effusion rates. Ans: (a) average molecular kinetic energies
15. A sample of Cl2(g) effuses through a tiny hole in 28.6 s. How long would it take for a sample
of NO(g) to effuse under the same conditions? Ans: 18.6 s
16. Under which of these conditions is Cl2 (g) most likely to behave like an ideal gas and explain
why? (a) 100 oC and 10.0 atm; (b) 0 oC and 0.50 atm; (c) 200 oC and 0.50 atm; and (d) -100
o
C and 10.0 atm.
Ans: (c) 200 oC and 0.50 atm; at very high temperature and very low pressure, a gas will
most likely to behave like an ideal gas because at these conditions the gas molecules are far
apart and they do not exert any force, either attractive or repulsive, on one another.
17. What is the volume, in mL, occupied by 89.2 g CO 2
Ans: 5.33104

SET A

(g)

at 37.3 oC and 737 mm Hg?

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