Figura 1: Mitra, um deus solar da trindade celeste primordial, filho do sol e da lua!
A cena mostra Mitras que enfrenta altivo o Touro com um p na parte de
trs do touro, enquanto que com uma mo segura a cabea do touro e com a
outra apunhala o touro no pescoo onde sangue jorra em frente. Ao redor dele
est um cachorro, um corvo, um escorpio, uma cobra, um leo e um clice e
uma espiga de trigo cresce da gorjeta do rabo de touros. A capa de Mitras o cu
nocturno com estrelas e os smbolos do Zodaco cerca a cena inteira. Os smbolos
dos sete planetas esto presentes. Os smbolos dos sete planetas esto presentes.
Os dois tocheiros de Mitras esto se sentinela em cada um dos lados da cena da
matana do touro. O mistrio central representa a constelao Persus (Mitras),
Touro (Touro), Canis Minor (cachorro), Hidra (cobra), Corvus (corvo),
Escorpio. O trigo a estrela Spica (a estrela mais luminosa em Virgo). O sangue
a via Lctea. Os dois tocheiros Cautes e Cautopates simbolizam os equincios;
A Tocha de Cautes est apontando para cima - o equincio de Primavera,
enquanto tocha de Cautopates est apontando abaixo, equincio de Outono.1
1 The scene shows Mithras facing away from the Bull with one foot on the back of the bull, one hand holding the bull's head and
other hand stabbing the bull in the neck where blood pours forth. Around him there is a dog, a raven, a scorpion, a snake, a lion and
According to Persian traditions, the god Mithras was actually incarnated into the
human form of the Saviour expected by Zarathustra. Mithras was born of Anahita, an
immaculate virgin mother once worshipped as a fertility goddess before the
hierarchical reformation. Anahita was said to have conceived the Saviour from the seed
of Zarathustra preserved in the waters of Lake Hamun in the Persian province of
Sistan. Mithra's ascension to heaven was said to have occurred in 208 B.C., 64 years
after his birth. This birth took place in a cave or grotto, where shepherds attended him
and regaled him with gifts, at the winter solstice. This is based on a older myth about
birth of Mithra, that his magical birth at the dawn of time was from a rock from
which he formed himself using his Will. He holds in his hand a dagger and a torch.
a cup and an ear of wheat is growing from the tip of the bulls tail. The cloak of Mithras is the night sky with stars and the signs of
the zodiac surround the whole scene. The symbols of the seven planets are present. The two torch bearers of Mithras stand at either
side of the bull slaying scene. The central mystery represents the constellation Persus (Mithras), Taurus (Bull), Canis Minor (dog),
Hydra (snake), Corvus (raven), Scorpio (scorpio). The wheat is the star Spica (the brightest star in Virgo). The blood is the Milky
Way. The two torchbearers Cautes and Cautopates symbolise the equnioxes; Cautes torch is pointing upward - the spring equniox,
while Cautopates torch is pointing down -autumn equniox. -- Mithras and Mithraism, By Payam Nabaraz.
Figura 4: White marble statue (H. 1.65 Br. 0.47), found in the Mithraeum
on the right side. Beside the entrance of the Biblioteca Vaticana.
A statue from Housesteads shows Mithras being born from the rock while the twelve
signs of the zodiac surround him, showing his image as a stellar god who rules the
cosmos even at his birth. A serpent sometimes shown to be coiled around of the Mithras
or birth stone/egg. 2
The name of the figure has been deciphered from dedicatory inscriptions to be
Arimanius (though the archeological evidence is not very strong), which is nominally
the equivalent of Ahriman, a demon figure in the Zoroastrian pantheon. Arimanius is
known from inscriptions to have been a god in the Mithraic cult (CIMRM 222 from
Ostia, 369 from Rome, 1773 and 1775 from Pannonia). [Jackson, Howard M., "The Meaning
and Function of the Leontocephaline in Roman Mithraism" in Numen, Vol. 32, Fasc. 1 (Jul., 1985), pp.
1745]
While some scholars identify the lion-man as Aion (or Zurvan, or Cronus) others
assert that it is Ahriman. [R D Barnett (1975). John R Hinnells, ed. Mithraic studies: proceedings of
the first International congress of Mithraic studies, Vol II. Manchester University Press ND. pp. 467.
According to some, the lion man is Aion (Zurvan, or Kronos); according to others, Ahriman.] There is
also speculation that the figure is the Gnostic demiurge, (Ariel) Ialdabaoth. [David M
Gwynn (2010). Religious diversity in late antiquity. BRILL. p. 448. ]
Ainda que a evidncia arqueolgica no seja forte faz sentido que Mitra
leontocfalo seja um avatar de Ahriman porque Mitra pode ser considerado
como uma forma de Hermes e estes so seguramente variantes ctnicas de
Ahrimane do Minotauro que mais no era do que a variante taurina do deus
menino que em muitas representaes latinas monta o leo da deusa me porque
Omnia vincit amor vel cum domitore leonem.
Figura
6:
Eros/Cupid
holding goad in right hand riding
lion advancing right with right foot
forward. (Thrace, Deultum, Marcus
Opellius Antonius Diadumenianus, Caesar
(...) Collection; Jurukova - (vgl. 72);
Moushmov 3568)
m-f dos contratos. Como os contratos eram feitos em nome de Mitra este
deus acabou perfilhado por Aura Mazda!
AURA MAZDA
Opposed to Ahura Mazda, or Ormuzd, is His rival, Anro Mainyus, (later
Ahriman), the Evil Spirit.
Representao
Sendo assim, se Mitra no era ele prprio o Minotauro ento, como tudo
leva a crer, ele ocuparia o papel de Teseu no sacrifcio do Minotauro deixando a
suspeita de que a lenda grega seria j uma perverso dum facto histrico mal
recordado luz metafrica dum mito paleoltico de sacrifcio do touro divino.
Neste caso, a mitologia persa reservaria a Mitra o papel de Teseu e a Ariman o
papel do Minotauro. As mesmas motivaes que tornaram negativo o papel do
Minotauro seriam as mesmas que iriam transformar Ariman no deus das trevas.
Uma parte destas razes estariam na antipatia gerada pela hegemonia da
talassocracia cretense e outra, no facto de o Minotauro ter passado a exigir
sacrifcios humanos durante a transio para o neoltico.
tauroctony icon of the Roman cult of Mithras. (...) Thus from 1971 on, the
meaning of the Mithraic tauroctony suddenly became a mystery: if this bullslaying icon did not represent an ancient Iranian myth, what did it represent?()
It is this phenomenon of the precession of the equinoxes that provides the
key to unlocking the secret of the astronomical symbolism of the Mithraic
tauroctony. For the constellations pictured in the standard tauroctony have one
thing in common: namely, they all lay on the celestial equator as it was
positioned during the epoch immediately preceeding the Greco-Roman "Age of
Aries." During that earlier age, which we may call the "Age of Taurus,"
lasting from around 4,000 to 2,000 B.C., the celestial equator passed through
Taurus the Bull (the spring equinox of that epoch), Canis Minor the Dog,
Hydra the Snake, Corvus the Raven, and Scorpio the Scorpion (the autumn
equinox): that is, precisely the constellations represented in the Mithraic
tauroctony.
Taurus < Kauros <= Kur
Canis < Ki-an = An-ki = Enki.
Hydra < Kuthra < Kitaur Kiphura < Ki-Kur
Corvus < Kaurwius < Karkius < Kur-Ki
Scorpio < Ish-Kur-Kius.
De passagem pode notar-se que Enki/ *Enkur, o deus da Aurora
primordial e da luz da sabedoria, teria sido o deus que ter presidido ao
desenvolvimento da astrologia tendo dado nome s constelaes!
() The Mithraic tauroctony, then, was apparently designed as a symbolic
representation of the astronomical situation that obtained during the Age of
Taurus. But what religious significance could this have had, so that the
tauroctony could have come to form the central icon of a powerful cult? The
answer to this question lies in the fact that the phenomenon of the precession of
the equinoxes was unknown throughout most of antiquity: it was discovered for
the first time around 128 B.C. by the great Greek astronomer Hipparchus. ()
At the time Hipparchus made his discovery, Mediterranean intellectual
and religious life was pervaded by astrological beliefs. ()
Hipparchus's discovery of the precession made it clear that before the
Greco-Roman period, in which the spring equinox was in the constellation of
Aries the Ram, the spring equinox had last been in Taurus the Bull. Thus, an
obvious symbol for the phenomenon of the precession would have been the death
of a bull, symbolizing the end of the "Age of Taurus" brought about by the
precession. And if the precession was believed to be caused by a new god, then
that god would naturally become the agent of the death of the bull: hence, the
"bull-slayer." This, I propose, is the origin and nature of Mithras the cosmic
bull-slayer. His killing of the bull symbolizes his supreme power: namely, the
power to move the entire universe, which he had demonstrated by shifting the
cosmic sphere in such a way that the spring equinox had moved out of Taurus the
Bull.8
Obviamente que toda esta inteligentssima conjugao de informaes no
consegue demonstrar que o mito da tauromaquia de Mitra fosse uma pura
8 MITHRAISM, The Cosmic Mysteries of Mithras, by David Ulansey.
dos textos hititas a deuses arianos num tratado com o reino de Mitani apenas
documenta a penetrao da cultura minica nesta regio a partir do golfo da
Cilcia. Zoroastro acabou praticamente com estes cultos. Mais tarde voltaram a
ser reutilizado, por presso popular seguramente, mas j inteiramente purificados
pelo fogo do masdesmo. Os piratas do golfo da Cilcia conseguiram conservar
estes cultos pela sua prpria natureza marginal e s os conseguiram introduzir no
imprio romano a reboque dos cultos de mistrios que sendo secretos eram
difceis de identificar. A evidente natureza, brbara e arcaica, da morte do
Minotauro, referida desde o mito de Teseu, leva a marca da cultura minica e
aparece obviamente invertida no mito de Mitra que, sendo o Minotauro, passa a
ocupar o papel de Teseu. Esta fragilidade original vir a ser decisiva no seu
confronto com o cristianismo.
Figura 12: Mitra, o deus toureiro. Este deus de aspecto frgio parece ter sido
identificado pelo autor desta esttua com Atis. De resto, muito do formalismo desta
cena faz pensar no mito de Acteio, uma variante matriarcal deste mito de fertilidade e
de morte e ressurreio solar. O interessante destes mitos o facto de eles serem, de
certo modo, a apologia apotetica da revoluo neoltica da agricultura em torno de
mitos de fartura de caa dos tempos do Paleoltico.
Hiparco deve ter sido cataclsmica ao ponto de ter revelado a grandeza de Mitra
como responsvel do movimento da abbada celesta acima do movimento solar.
One of the most perplexing aspects of the Mithraic mysteries consists in
the fact that Mithraic iconography always portrays Mithras and the sun god as
separate beings, while-- in stark contradiction to this absolutely consistent
iconographical distinction between Mithras and the sun-- in Mithraic
inscriptions Mithras is often identified with the sun by being called "sol
invictus," the "unconquered sun." It thus appears that the Mithraists somehow
believed in the existence of two suns: one represented by the figure of the sun
god, and the other by Mithras himself as the "unconquered sun." It is thus of
great interest to note that the Mithraists were not alone in believing in the
existence of two suns, for we find in Platonic circles the concept of the existence
of two suns, one being the normal astronomical sun and the other a so-called
"hypercosmic" sun located beyond the sphere of the fixed stars.10
Figura 13: Mitra como Sol Invito Deo, ttulo que os romanos herdaram
dos Srios com Heliogabalo e que seria uma traduo literal duma invocao a
Assur que, como sabemos, veio a ser, pelo menos na postura, Aura Mazda.
MITHRAISM, The Legacy of the Roman Empire's Final Pagan State Religion.
David Fingrut 1993.
Pois bem, este deus da vitria teme estranhas ressonncias com o ibrico
Trebaruna que assim se revela a deusa lusa da Vitria.
Trebaruna - O nome explica-o dArbois de Jubainville, eminente celtista
do principio do sculo, por Trebo + runa, isto , "segredo da casa" (???). Assim
sendo, Trebaruna comeo por ser uma divindade domstica, passando depois
para a sua funo mais conhecida de Deusa Guerreira, da batalha e da morte
em batalha, pois muitas inscries referem-se a esta caracterstica da nossa
deusa. (ou seja da vitria pstuma!)
O papel de juiz das almas dos mortos aparece na Prsia com o nome do
deus Abatur. Ora bem, a origem da estranha forma do nome primitivo de Osris
fica assim explicada!
Abatur < Abathur < Awa Kur < Aka Kar > Apa Kal => Apolo.
Ausar < Aushar < Auakar < Awa Kar < Aka Kar
Mesmo assim, possvel encontrar na mitologia egipcio uma possvel
equivalncia funo semntica do nome de Apolo sob a forma de um epteto de
Horus, Heru-ra-h. Na verdade,
Heru-ra-h < Her Ura Ah < Aka Her Ru < Apha Kar lu => Apolo.
Heru-ra-h :A composite deity in Crowley's quasi-Egyptian mythology;
composed of Ra-Hoor-Khuit and Hoor-par-kraat. The name, translated into
Egyptian, means something approximating "Horus and Ra be Praised!" Of
course, this could simply be another corruption due to the inferior Victorian
understanding of the Egyptian language, and it is possible Crowley had
something entirely different in mind for the translation of the name.
ever broken. Ahura-Mazda was said to have created Mithras to be as great and
worthy as himself. He would fight the spirits of evil to protect the creations of
Ahura-Mazda and cause even Ahriman to tremble. Mithras was seen as the
protector of just souls from demons seeking to drag them down to Hell, and the
guide of these souls to Paradise.
As Lord of the Sky, he took the role of psychopomp, conducting the souls
of the righteous dead to paradise.