Appendix B

ETAP Software

Appendix C

[ETAP SOFTWARE]

1. Select new to create a new project, the dialogue box at g(1) will appear, you
have to enter the project name and select your unit system then press (OK),
a er that a dialogue box will appear as shown at g(2), you enter the user
name, password is optional if you need security at your project.

fig (1)

fig (2)

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2. A er press (OK), the main so ware screen will appear at g(3)

g (3)
3. Select different elements from software library, you can select (AC) elements as
shown at g(6) such as power grid, generators, induc on machines,
synchronous machines and different types of loads also protective devices and
contactors, beside that it contains filters for harmonics and capacitor which
helps you to do a power factor correction for a given system.
Also it contains measuring elements such as voltmeters and ammeters, also it
contains current and potential transformers, and protective devices such as
over current relay, reverse power relay, frequency relay and all you need for
protection.
Library provides selection of (DC) elements such as dc machines, dc loads, UPS,
inverters, battery chargers and buses.

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g (4)
4. Select items from library and drag them in the work sheet, and build your
system as shown at g(5), here you are at edit mode

g (5)
5. Use the button
to make zoom in and increase the scale of diagram, also
you can use the button
to make zoom out to decrease the scale, so you can
move freely through the diagram, also use
to make auto scale which will
make all the diagram appear at work sheet, however it is very small as shown
at g(5).
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6. Enter data for each element of the network, for utility, double lift click on it at
the network, a window will appear, enters data on it at rating options. This
data we obtain it from utility, you can see at g(6).

g (6)
7. For each transformer, enter primary and secondary voltages, also enter MVA
ra ng (2 MVA), you change units from MVA to KVA by lift click of mouse on the
button MVA, after that press on the button (Typical Z&X/R) to give you their
values automa cally according to standards. This shown in g(7)

g (7)
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8. To enter data for buses, double click by mouse button on the bus then a window
will appear as shown at g(8), you have to enter nominal voltage of bus in units
of KV, you can also change its name like all components. you can also enter
values for minimum and maximum values for load diversity factors.
For nominal bus voltage, enter it as 0.38 KV for low voltage buses, but for
medium voltage buses you have to enter it as 11 KV.

g (8)
9. To enter data for loads, this can be shown at g(9), you can enter KW or KVA,
also enter pf and the value of current will be calculated automatically.

g (9)
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10. To enter data for motors, double click on the selected motor, a window will
appear as shown at g(10), you have to enter data a er you press Nameplate
button to open rating window for you, you can enter data in form of HP or
KW by one lift click on the button HP, after a second window as shown at
g(11) will give you data of selected rating according to NEC, press the button
(select) to ll other data of motor that isnt completed at g(10), this can be
shown at g(12) with complete data of motor according to manufacturing
standards.

g (10)

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g (11)

g (12)
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11. At motors you can also select load type, such as fan load, pump load, closed
valve load, open valve load and many categories of loads, for example to select
load type for the previous motor, press on the button (Start Dev) at the previous
window shown at g(13), you can also enter the value of motor iner a and
acceleration time at no load and at full load, press on the button Load Model
Lib as shown at g(14), another window will appear and ask you to select your
load type from the sliding window and a graph of load will appear.

g (13)

g (14)
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12. To enter data for lamped loads, double click on selected lamped load, a window
will appear as shown in g(15), select nameplate then choose value of (KVA)
or (MVA) as you prefer, then choose value of power factor in percentage.

g(15)
13. To enter data for cables, double click on the selected cable, a window will
appear as shown in g(16). Select length of cable, press on the bu on Library
another window will appear as shown in g(17). At this window you can select
size of your cable, system frequency and type of insulation.

g (16)
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g (17)
14. There is another method if you didnt find your desired cable in the program
library at the window shown in fig(16), select cable length then press on the
bu on impedance as shown in g(18), then a window will appear you can
enter cable impedance through that window. This is shown at g(19).

fig (18)

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fig (19)
15. The soft ware allows user to set load flow analysis, short circuit calculation,
motor starting analysis, harmonic analysis, transient stability analysis, relay
coordination and DC calculations, this can be selected from icons as shown at
g(20).

fig (20)

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16. Select
to perform the load flow analysis to find system flows such as KW,
KVAR, KVA, current and power factor. This is shown at g(21), here they are in
terms of kw + j kvar and value of bus voltage in percentage. Fig(21) shows
sec on at transformer 1.

fig (21)

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17. Press the button

the window as shown at g(22) will appear which allow
you to select data that appears on the diagram after calculation of load flow.
Now select Amp and %Pf. and press (OK).

fig (22)

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18. Press the button

to detect if there are any warnings or alarms that will
happen, this can be shown at g(23), it will be helpful to determine if there are
under voltage or over voltages through the network.

fig (23)
19. This values are acceptable and not represent any problems, but if you need to
cancel them we can increase the value if secondary voltage by increasing
tapping ratio, double click on the transformer, a window will appear as shown
in g(24), increase tapping value from 0.38 Kv to 0.39 Kv, do it for the two
transformers.

fig (24)
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20. To perform short circuit calculation press on the icon different types of
calcula ons will appear as shown at g(25).

fig (25)
21. Bus 3 is selected to be the faulty bus at g(26).

g(26)
22. Press on the button
to view all calculations or report, you can save it as pdf
format, or word format, some of Report Manager for calculations are shown
at chapter of short circuit calculations.
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