The Sumatran orangutan is almost exclusively arboreal, living among the trees of tropical

rainforests. Females virtually never travel on the ground and adult males do so
rarely. Sumatran orangutans are reported to have closer social ties than their Bornean
cousins. This has been attributed to mass fruit on fig trees, where groups of Sumatran
orangutans can come together to feed. Adult males are typically solitary while females
are accompanied by offspring.
Historically, the Sumatran orangutan was distributed over the entire island of Sumatra
and further south into Java. The species' range is now restricted to the north of the
island with a majority in the provinces of North Sumatra and Aceh. Of the nine existing
populations of Sumatran orangutans, only seven have prospects of long-term viability,
each with an estimated 250 or more individuals. Only three populations contain more
than 1,000 orangutans. Orangutans that were confiscated from the illegal trade or as
pets are being reintroduced to Bukit Tigapuluh National Park. They number around 70
and are reproducing.

STATUS

Critically Endangered

POPULATION

Approximately 7,300

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Pongo abelii

WEIGHT

66 198 pounds

LENGTH

4 -5 feet

HABITATS

Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests

PLACES

Borneo and Sumatra

Sumatran rhinos are the smallest of the living rhinoceroses and the only Asian rhino with
two horns. They are covered with long hair and are more closely related to the extinct
woolly rhinos than any of the other rhino species alive today. Calves are born with a
dense covering that turns reddish brown in young adults and becomes sparse, bristly
and almost black in older animals. Sumatran rhinos compete with the Javan rhino for the
unenviable title of most threatened rhino species. While surviving in greater numbers
than the Javan rhino, Sumatran rhinos are more threatened by poaching. There is no
indication that the population is stable and just two captive females have reproduced in
the last 15 years.
The Sumatran rhino once roamed as far away as the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas
in Bhutan and eastern India, through Myanmar, Thailand, possibly to Vietnam and China,
and south through the Malay Peninsula. Two different subspecies, the western Sumatran
and eastern Sumatran, cling for survival on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. Experts
believe the third subspecies is probably extinct.

STATUS

Critically Endangered

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Dicerorhinus sumatrensis

HEIGHT

3.3-5 feet

WEIGHT

1,320 -2,090 pounds

LENGTH

6.5-13 feet

HABITATS

Dense highland and lowland tropical and sub-tropical forests

PLACES

Borneo and Sumatra

HABITATS

Forests