+2x+y 2
1 1
2 , 2 ).
(2p)
(b) Calculate the absolute minimum and maximum values of f (x, y) (on D).
ZZ
(c) Calculate
f (x, y) dx dy.
(3p)
(3p)
2. Find and classify all critical points of the function g(x, y) = x2 y + y 2 + 2xy.
3. Calculate
ZZ r
(3p)
x
dx dy, where A is bounded by the curves x2 y = 1, y = 1 and x = 4.
y
(3p)
4. Calculate
ZZ
5. Calculate
ZZZ
(x2
y 2 ) ln(x + y) dx dy , D = {(x, y) R2 | 0 x
y 1, 1 x + y 2}. (3p)
1
x2
+ y2 + z2
ZZZ
K
x2 + y 2 dx dy dz , K = {(x, y, z) R3 |
x2 + y 2 z 2
(3p)
(5p)
x2
y 2 }. (5p)
sin2 x = 2 cos2 x
1=1
y)
y) + cos(x + y)
ln x + ln y = ln xy
ln x
ln y = ln
ln xa = a ln x
(x, y > 0)
y) + sin(x + y)
x
y
Standard limits
lim x loga x = 0 (a > 1, > 0)
x!0+
sin x
=1
x
ln(1 + x)
lim
=1
x!0
x
x
e
1
lim
=1
x!0
x
lim
x!0
ax
= 1 (a > 1)
x!1 x
x
lim
= 1 (a > 1, > 0)
x!1 loga x
an
lim
=0
n!1 n!
lim
Basic derivatives
f (x)
f 0 (x)
xa
axa
ax
ax ln a
ln |x|
1
x
sin x
cos x
cos x
sin x
tan x
1 + tan2 x =
arcsin x
arccos x
arctan x
p
ln x + x2 +
p
1
2x
x2 + +
ln x +
x2 +
1
1
x2
1
p
1 x2
1
1 + x2
1
p
x2 +
p
x2 +
1
cos2 x
cos(x + y)
Taylor Series
Taylors formula for a function f : R ! R
1
X
f 00 (a) 2
f (n) (a) n
h + =
h
2
n!
n=0
f (a + h) = f (a) + f 0 (a) h +
1
1
1
X
k=0
xk = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ( 1 < x < 1)
2. (x + 1) = 1 + x +
3. ex =
( 1) 2
( 1)(
x +
2
23
2)
x3 + ( 1 < x < 1)
1
X
1 k
1
1
x = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +
k!
2
6
k=0
4. sin x =
1
X
( 1)k+1 2k
x
(2k 1)!
= x
k=1
5. cos x =
1
X
( 1)k 2k
x = 1
(2k)!
1 2
1
x + x4
2
24
k=0
6. ln(x + 1) =
1
X
( 1)k+1 k
x = x
k
k=1
7. arctan x =
1
X
( 1)k+1 2k
x
(2k 1)
1 3
1 5
x +
x
6
120
= x
k=1
1 2
1
x + x3
2
3
( 1 < x 1)
1 3
1
x + x5
3
5
( 1 x 1)
1 2
f (a + h, b + k) = f (a, b) + h fx (a, b) + kfy (a, b) +
h fxx (a, b) + 2hkfxy (a, b) + k 2 fyy (a, b) + =
2
1
X
1 @
@ n
h
+k
f (x, y)(a,b)
n!
@x
@y
n=0
Tangent plane
Function z = f (x, y)
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, f (a, b))
z = f (a, b) + fx (a, b)(x
a) + fy (a, b)(y
b)
a) + Fy (a, b, c)(y
b) + Fz (a, b, c)(z
c) = 0
Directional derivative
The directional derivative of a function f : R3 ! R at the point (a, b, c) and direction u (|u| = 1)
Du f (a, b, c) = fu0 (a, b, c) = u rf (a, b, c) = u (fx (a, b, c), fy (a, b, c), fz (a, b, c)).
Double Integrals
General substitution
Assume a one-to-one mapping between a region D in the xy-plane and a region Duv in the uv-plane
8
8
>
>
>
< x = x(u, v)
< u = u(x, y)
,
>
>
>
: v = v(x, y)
: y = y(u, v)
Then
ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =
with
ZZ
@(x, y)
dudv,
@(u, v)
Duv
@(x, y)
=
@(u, v)
xu
xv
yu
yv
6= 0.
Polar coordinates
8
>
< x = r cos
>
: y
r sin
@(x, y)
= r,
@(r, )
ZZ
f (x, y) dxdy =
ZZ
Dr
Triple Integrals
General substitution
As above assume a one-to-one mapping between points (x, y, z) in and (u, v, w) in
ZZ
ZZ
@(x, y, z)
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w))
dudvdw,
@(u, v, w)
uvw
with
@(x, y, z)
6= 0
@(u, v, w)
Spherical coordinates
8
>
>
x = sin cos
>
>
>
<
y = sin sin
>
>
>
>
>
: z =
cos
@(x, y, z)
= 2 sin
@(, , )
ZZZ
ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f ( sin cos , sin sin , cos ) 2 sin d d d
uvw .
Line Integrals
Line integral with respect to arc length
Given a parametrized curve C : r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b and a function f : R3 ! R.
Z
f (x, y, z) ds =
Zb
Surface Integrals
General parametrized surface
S : r = r(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)), (u, v) D.
ZZ
ZZ
@r @r
f (x, y, z) dS =
f (r(u, v))
dudv
@u @v
S
Sxy