Future Advances
Where did we come from
and
Where are we going???
Keith Behnke
Kansas State University
M h tt Kansas
Manhattan,
K
THE FUTURE!
FEEDING STANDARDS
1864
1898
1912
1944
EVOLUTION OF THE
FEED INDUSTRY
Early 1800s
* Horses
H
and
d mules
l provided
id d draft
d ft workk
Oats and other grains provided by livery
stables
Little science available regarding
g
g nutrition
* Calf feed for dairy farms was needed.
EVOLUTION OF THE
FEED INDUSTRY
1866
1875
1879
1885
1894
1895
1920
1850
1885
1888
1900
1903
1910
9 0
1915
1922
1943
1954
1977
MANUFACTURING HISTORY
1848
1886
1895
1909
1911
1924
1931
1941
1942
1948
1950
1955
1957
1962
Number Producers
1950
Today
Poultry
Vertical integration
Virtually 100
underway
percent integrated
Swine
3.0 million
65,000
Beef/Cow
2.8 million
971,000
2 9 million
2.9
illi
75,140
75 140
D i
Dairy
Source: USDA/NASS
Miillion To
ons
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
05
20
03
20
01
20
99
19
97
19
95
19
93
19
Source: Feedstuffs
Layers 6%
Swine 21%
Horse 2%
%
Dairy 17%
Other
(pet, etc.)
3%
%
Aquaculture
q
1%
Cattle
C ttl 25%
Thou
usands off Pages
EPA:
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
6
'0
4
'0
2
'0
0
'0
96
94
92
90
88
86
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
Hearing Protection
Manlifts
Lockout and Tagout
Personal Protective
Equipment
Pesticide Application
Emergency
Response/Rescue
Respiratory Protection
Truck Dumper Operation
Rail Operations Safety
Welding/Cutting/ Hotwork
Grain Handling Equipment
Planned Maintenance
Process Safety Management
Storage and handling of LP
Gases
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
03
20
00
20
95
19
90
19
85
19
80
19
Sources: USDA; The ProExporter Network, 20072007- 2010 Projected
THE FUTURE:
Its all about food safety!!
F most:
For
t
September 11, 2001
But,
B
t for
f the
th
Feed Industry:
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
1987: BSE Confirmed in England
g
1990: European Beef Scare began in earnest-Lots of
media hype. Beef consumption dived.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
1987: BSE Confirmed in England
g
1990: European Beef Scare began in earnest.
1996: British government stated that: contaminated beef
was the
h lik
likely
l cause off the
h nv
Creutzfeld-Jacob
C
f ld J b
disease attacking younger people. Death toll
predictions were in the MILLIONS!!
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
1987: BSE Confirmed in England
g
1990: European Beef Scare began in earnest.
1996: Contaminated beef caused nv CJD
1996 U.S.
1996:
U S reaction??i ?? implemented
i l
d regulations
l i
designed to prevent the use of ruminant protein
in ruminant feeds.
feeds
The regulations were to serve two purposes
1. Stop
p the ppotential spread
p
of BSE
2. Maintain confidence in the U.S. meat
supply
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
1987: BSE Confirmed in England
g
1990: European Beef Scare began in earnest.
1996: Contaminated beef caused nv CJD
1996 U.S.
1996:
U S reaction??i ?? implement
i l
ruminant
i
protein regulations
2003: USDA/FDA announced the first confirmed
case of BSE in the U.S.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
December 23,2003, 5:30pm Eastern time:
Fi confirmed
First
fi
d case off BSE in
i the
h U.S.
U S announcedd
Secretaryy of Agriculture
g
Ann Veneman
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
December 23,2003, 5:00pm Eastern time:
fi confirmed
first
fi
d case off BSE in
i the
h U.S.
US
Secretary of Agriculture
Ann Veneman
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
First confirmed case of BSE in the U.S (2002).
What Happened?
pp
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
First confirmed case of BSE in the U.S(2002).
Wh t H
What
Happened?
d?
Domestically-Not much, really!
-Live beef prices took a hit for a few months.
-Beef consumptions stayed essentially level.
What Happened?
Domestically-Not much, really!
Why?
Consumer Confidence!!
In the U.S., citizens actually trust FDA!!
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
First confirmed case of BSE in the U.S(2002).
What Happened
pp
Internationally?
y
-Beef Exports decreased
-U.S. Exports
p
Banned byy several countries
Wh t is
What
i the
th Point??
P i t??
The ongoing BSE issue brought home the
fact that the FEED industry is a critically
important part of the FOOD Industry
Industry.
Wh t is
What
i the
th Point
P i t off all
ll this??
thi ??
The ongoing
Th
i BSE iissue b
brought
ht h
home th
the
fact that the FEED industry is a critically
i
important
t t partt off the
th FOOD Industry.
I d t
WE MUST ACCEPT THAT
RESPONSIBILITY AND
REALIZE HOW IMPORTANT
WE REALLY ARE
ARE.
FOOD SAFETY
We
We live in an age where
CONSUMER POWER
f
frequently
l outweighs
i h
SCIENTIFIC PERSUASION.
Feedstuffs 72:3, 1999
The Future
What else is coming??
PELLETING
AND
HACCP
THERMAL PROCESSING
FOR MICROBIAL CONTROL
Temp
C
Number
Samples
Entrobacteria
Log10 CFU/gm
<60
60-65
60
65
65-70
70-75
70
75
75-80
>80
18
17
33
44
34
24
3.3
3.4
3.0
25
2.5
1.7
11
1.1
THERMAL PROCESSING
FOR MICROBIAL CONTROL
Location
Incidence* (%)
Incidence
Cereal Grain
Protein Meals
Animal Protein
67
Batch Mixer
69
Pellet Conditioner
32
Pellet Die
Cooler
Finished Feed
13
Truck
13
Farm
19
On-Line Reformulation
With rapid nutrient analysis, it may be
possible to reformulate rations in real time.
Nutrient overage would be cut to near zero
Ration accuracy could improve.
Ingredient changes more easily managed.
SUMARY
The Feed Industry has come a long way in 150 years.
Food safety is the most important issue
to be dealt with by the feed industry.
Perception becomes reality. If we are perceived
as being part of the problem, we are.
Respond quickly and openly to any challenge
Technology (Bio Ingredients) will be here soon
Some ppeople
p look at the wayy thing
g are and
ask WHY? I would rather look at the way things
could be and ask WHY NOT?- George Bernard
Shaw
THANK YOU