DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SECOND SEMESTER OF 2015/2016 ACADEMIC

YEAR
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(CHE 254)
ASSIGNMENT ONE
GROUP FOUR (4)
NAMES

INDEX NUMBERS

ACQUAH EVELYN KURENTSIWAA

2166314

AKA ONESIMUS

2168514

ASHAI BARNANBAS NII ARMAH

2170514

FOKUO MICHAEL KWADWO

2172714

SUMAH MARTIN AFRIYIE

2175914

OPOKU AKOSAH A. CHRISTIANA

2174914

ANNAN DARIUS

2169514

KETEKU CLEVER

2173714

ADZAMLI HOPE

2167414

BIREDU FREDERICK

2171614

QUESTION 1

a) Wpump in =
=

Ws, pump ,
p

v 1( p 2p 1)
p

(0.001009 m3 /kg)[ (160009 ) kPa]

1 kJ
(
)
0.85
1 kPa. m3

=19.6 kJ/kg
15.9 MPa
35C
3

Turbine
work
output:

Boiler

15.2 MPa
625C
4

16 MPa

15 MPa
600C

Pump
P = 0.85

w turb,out

Turbine
= 0.87
T

w pump,in

Wturb, out =
TWs, turb,out

9 kPa
38C

10 kPa
2
2s

Condenser

=
T(h5-h6s) = 0.87(3583.1 2115.3) kJ/kg
= 1277.0kJ/kg
Boiler heat input:

qin = h4 h3 = (3647.6 160.1) kJ/kg = 3487.5 kJ/kg

thus,
Wnet = Wturb,out Wpump,in = (1277.0 19.0) kJ/kg = 1258.0 kJ/kg

6s 6

Wnet
th = Qin

1258 kJ /kg
3487.5 kJ /kg

100 = 36.1%

b) The power produced by this power plant is

WW = mW(wnet) = (15 kg/s)(1258.0 kJ/kg) = 18.9 MW

QUESTION FOUR (4)

Assumptions:
1) ke, pe 0
2) air-standard assumption are applicable
3) air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats
a. In order to find the pressure and temperature at state 3 we need to find the
temperature and pressure of an adjacent state (2 or 3) so we can use some
relation between that state and state 3. We will find P2 and T2.
Referring to our process diagram, we see that from state 1 to 2 we have an
isentropic compression process. Referring to our ideal gas relations for isentropic
processes, the ratio of the temperatures of the two states are related to the ratio of
their specific volumes by Eq1.

T2 v1

T1 v 2

k 1

(Eq1)

Noting that the ratio v1/v2 (equivalent to Vmax/Vmin) is the compression ratio, r, and
the value of k for air is 1.4, we can solve for the temperature at state 2.

v
T2 T1 1
v2

k 1

(300) 8

1.4 1

= 689.2 K

Writing the 1st law for the constant heat-addition process from state 2 to 3 we can
relate state 2 to state 3 as seen in Equation 2. Note: we have used the assumption
that ke & pe are approximately zero here.
qin u 3 u 2

(Eq2)

For an ideal gas with constant specific heats we have a relation for the change in
internal energy in terms of the change in temperature as shown in Eq3.
u 3 u 2 cv T3 T2

(Eq3)

Since we are given the value of qin in the problem statement we can substitute Eq3
into Eq2 and rearrange to solve for the temperature at state 3.

qin cv (T3 T2 ) T3

qin
T2
cv

kJ

kg

750

kJ
0.718

kg K

689.2 K

= 1733.8K

To find the pressure at state 2 we can use the ideal gas law as shown in Eq4.

v T
P1v1 P2 v 2

P2 P1 1 2
T1
T2
v 2 T1

(Eq4)

Noting again, that v1/v2 is the compression ratio we can solve for the pressure at
state 2.

v
P2 P1 1
v2

T2
689.2[ K ]

(95[kPa])(8)

300[ K ]
T1

=1746 kPa

Using the ideal gas to relate state 3 to state 2 we obtain Eq5.

v T
P3 v3 P2 v 2

P3 P2 2 3
T3
T2
v3 T2

Noting that v2 = v3, we can solve for the pressure at state 3.

(Eq5)

 v
P3 P2 2
v3

T3
1733.8 K

(1746[kPa])1

689.2 K
T2

4392.4kPa

b. To find an expression for the net work output we can perform an overall
energy balance on the cycle as shown in Eq6.
qin win qout wout wnet wout win qin qout

(Eq6)

We are given qin in the problem statement so the problem reduces to finding qout.
Writing a first law balance (similar to what we did for qin) we can find qout in terms
of the temperature difference between state 4 and 1as shown in Eq7.
q out u 4 u1 cv T4 T1

(Eq7)

To find the temperature at state 4 we make use of the fact that the expansion from
state 3 to state 4 is isentropic so we can use the relation shown in Eq1 again.

v
T4 T3 3
v4

k 1

Noting that v3/v4 is the inverse of the compression ratio we can determine the
temperature at state 4.

(Eq8)

1.4 1

T4 (1733.8[ K ])

754.7 K

Substituting this result into Eq7 we can determine qout.

kJ
q out cv T4 T1 0.718

kg K

754.7[ K ] 300[ K ]

326.5 kJ/kg

Using this result with the given qin =750kJ/kg and Eq6 we can solve for the net
work output.

kJ

kg

wnet q in q out (750 326.5)

423.5 kJ/kg

c. To calculate the thermal efficiency, we can use our general expression

(benefit/cost).
th

benefit wnet 423.5

cos t
qin
750

0.565

We could have also used the expression for the Otto cycle thermal efficiency in
terms of the compression ratio.

th 1

1
r

k 1

8 0.4

0.565

a) The pressure and temperature at the end of the heat-addition process were
found to be 4392.4kPa and 1733.8 K respectively.
b) The net work output was found to be 423.5 kJ/kg.
c) The thermal efficiency of the cycle was found to be 0.565.