Mathematics & Computing Science Department

MC309
Assignment #2
Modelling
Solution

Cronicle
Nambahin
MCS 4

Question #1
a) Word Equation describing the rate of change of the fish
population.

b) An estimate of a number of fish born in one week, if the fish

Population at a given time is 240 000.
Per capita birth rate fish Population at a giventime 14 days

i. e . 0.7 240000 7=1 176 000

There are an estimate number of 1 176 00 fish born in a week.
c) Determine if there are any values for which the fish population
is in equilibrium. (That is look for values of the fish population
for which there is no change over time.)
To find the fish population at equilibrium, set

dX
=0solve
dt

dX
=0.7 X 0.2 X300
dt
0=0.7 X0.2 X300

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300=0.5 X
X=

300
=600
0.5

X e =600
The population of fish is at equilibrium when the total number
was 600

Question #2
a) Word Equation

Differential equation for the population:

dM
= M M h=rM h
dt
where

M=Population
=Per Capita birth rate

=Per capital death rate

h= deathrate by mouse traps

r=

Therefore,
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dM
=8 M 2 M 80
dt

Question #3
a) The compartment model.

The corresponding word equation for the above compartment

model and the appropriate differential equation are as show
below:

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b) Solving the equation above, establish at which time the lethal

limit will be reached.
F
dC F
= C out C ( t )
dt V
V
dC F out
=
( F C Fout C (t) )
dt
V

F
1
dC= out dt
V
( F C F out C(t) )

F
1
dC= out dt
V
( F C F out C (t) )

ln|( F C F out C ( t ) )|=

F out
t +K
V

( FV )tK

ln |( F C F out C ( t ) )|=

F C Fout

out

F
(
)K
C ( t )=e V
out

F C Fout C ( t )=e

F
(
)t
e V

out

Rearranging the equation we have ,

F out C ( t )=e

F
(
)t
e V F

out

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C ( t )=

F
(
)t
e V +F
out

F out

At time t=0, C ( 0 )=0.Therefore ,

K

C ( t )=

F
(
)t
e V +F
out

F out

C ( 0) =

0=

eK + F C
F out

eK + F C
F out
K

0=e + F C
eK =F C
K

Now that e
is found, substitute into the equation below to
find the solution.

C ( t )=

FC

F
t
(
V )
e
+F

out

F out

Hence, the solution for the differential equation is:

C ( t )=

F
t
(
V )
)
C ( 1e

out

F out

Find the time the lethal limit will be reached.

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0.06

(
)t
0.006 0.04
1e 1200
0.06

0.0 00 12=

0.000 12=0.004 ( 1e(0.00005 )t )

0.00005t

0.03=1e

( 0.00005 ) t

0.97=e

( 0.00005 )t

0.97=e

ln 0.97=0.00005t

t=ln

0.97
=609.18minutes
0.00005

Now, convert 609.18 minutes to hour

609.18 minutes
=10.153 hours
60

Hence, time the lethal limit will be reached is approximately

10 hours

Question #4
Solving the differential equations:
t

dx
=x
dt

1
dx
1
t =x
t
dt
t
dx x
=
dt t
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dx x
=0
dt t

normal form of t

dx
=x
dt

dx 1
x=0
dt t
P (t ) =

1
t

P ( t ) dt= 1t dt=ln|t|=ln ( t1 )=ln ( 1t )

Intergrating Factor

P ( t ) dt

ln

=e

(1t ) = 1
t

Multiply the normal form by the integrating factor on both sides

1 dx x 1
= (0)
t dt t
t

d
1
x
=0
dt t

()

x
= 0 dt
t
x
=C
t
x=Ct

Initial Condition
x ( t 0 )= x0
x x
C= = 0
t t0

Now substitute into the below equation

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x=Ct
x (t)=

x0
t
t0

A unique solution to the IVP exists on an interval containing t 0

x0
t

0
0
provided
. The response to the initial data is t 0 t

. There is

no response to the input.

________________________________________________________________
_____

y2

dx
+ xy=2 y 2+1
dy

1
dx
1
1
1
y 2 + xy 2 =2 y 2 2 + 1 2
2
dy
y
y
y
y
dx x
1
+ =2+ 2 which isthe normal form
dy y
y
dx x
1
+ =2+ 2
dy y
y
P ( y )=

1
y
1

P ( y ) dy= y dy=ln| y|=ln ( y )

Intergrating Factor
e

P ( y ) dy

ln y

=e = y

Multiply the normal form by the integrating factor on both sides

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( dxdy + xy )= y (2+ y1 )
2

d
1
xy =2 y+
dt
y

xy= 2 y +

1
dy
y

xy= y +ln y +C
1
1
x= y + ln y + C
y
y
1
x= y + ( ln y +C )
y

Rearrange and find Constant

2

C=xy y ln y

Initial Condition
2

C=x 0 y 0 y 0ln y 0

Now substitute into the below equation

1
x= y + ( ln y +C )
y
x (t)= y +

1
( ln y+ x0 y 0 y 20 ln y 0 )
y

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A unique solution to the IVP exists on an interval containing

y0

provided y 0 0 . The response to the initial data is

and the respond to the input is

y+

y0 x0
y

1
2
ln y + x 0 y 0 y 0ln y 0 )
(
y

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