Understanding human nature:

understanding business and

global nature

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Is human nature constructed or

given?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Kelindanan antara
human nature dengan
pembentukan ilmu
pengetahuan, adakah?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Jensen and Mecklings Nature of Men

(1994)
The Resourceful, Evaluative, Maximizing Model (REMM)
The Economic Model (or Money Maximizing Model)
The Sociological Model (or Social Victim Model)
The Psychological Model (or Hierarchy of Needs Model)
The Political Model (or Perfect Agent Model)

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Why REMM is the best

(according to Jensen and Meckling?)
We argue that REMM best describes the
systematically rational part of human behavior. It
serves as the foundation for the agency model of
financial, organizational, and governance
structure of firms.
The growing body of social science research on
human behavior has a common message:
Whether they are politicians, managers,
academics, professionals, philanthropists, or
factory workers, individuals are resourceful,
evaluative maximizers.
Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA
Universitas Brawijaya

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Bagaimana pemahaman tentang human

nature mengarahkan kita pada pemahaman
atas etika bisnis [global]?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Milton Friedman said...

The businessmen believe that they are defending free

enterprise when they declaim that business is not

concerned "merely" with profit but also with promoting
desirable "social" ends; that business has a "social
conscience" and takes seriously its responsibilities for
providing employment, eliminating discrimination,
avoiding pollution and whatever else may be the
catchwords of the contemporary crop of reformers. In fact
they are--or would be if they or anyone else took them
seriously--preaching pure and unadulterated socialism.
Businessmen who talk this way are unwitting puppets
of the intellectual forces that have been undermining the
basis of a free society these past decades.
Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA
Universitas Brawijaya

The Social Responsibility of Business is to

Increase its Profits
Milton Friedman
The New York Times Magazine
September 13, 1970
Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA
Universitas Brawijaya

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Mengapa Teori (tentang

human nature) Penting?

Memangnya apa arti teori?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Empiris

Teori adalah...

Rasional

Kalau kata Blaikie

(2000:129)
Theory specifies the
relationship between
concepts; [while]
concepts are regarded
building block of social
theory...connects
fruitfully to the
empirical world

Pragmatis

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Lebih dalam lagi...

Kalau kata Al Attas (2001:118), TEORI adalah:

Affirmation of Revelation as the source of knowledge
of ultimate reality and truth pertaining both to created
things as well as to their Creator [that ] provides
foundation for a metaphysical framework in which
to elaborate our philosophy of science as an integrated
system descriptive of that reality and truth in a way
which is not open to the methods of the secular
philosophic rationalism and philosophic empiricism of
modern philosophy and science
Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA
Universitas Brawijaya

Lebih dalam lagi...

Kuntowijoyo (2006:11):
Konstruksi pengetahuan yang memungkinkan kita
untuk memahami realitas sebagaimana Al Quran
memahaminya. Konstruksi pengetahuan itu
dibangun oleh Al Quran pertama-tama dengan
tujuan agar kita memiliki hikmah atas dasar itu
dibentuk perilaku yang sejalan dengan nilai-nilai
normatif Al Quran, baik pada level moral
maupun pada level sosial
Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA
Universitas Brawijaya

Jadi Teori menjadi

SANGAT PENTING

Karena kita membangun :

Nilai (etika)

Pengetahuan

Perilaku

Peradaban

berdasarkan tujuan dan asumsi fundamental tentang

Tuhan, manusia dan semesta

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Akuntansi tanpa pemahaman akan

teori yang melandasinya akan
menyesatkan

Belajar TEKNIK akuntansi tanpa belajar TEORI

AKUNTANSI sama saja seperti manusia yang hanya
hidup (teknik) tanpa tahu mengapa ia hidup
(tujuan).
Mati sebelum mati

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya

Jadi... Bagaimanakah
bisnis yang etis?

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA

Universitas Brawijaya