TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
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Table of Contents
General Information...................................................................................................................... 1
Antenna Design Procedure............................................................................................................ 2
Optimizing the Magnetic Coupling Factor .................................................................................. 3
Determination of the Magnetic Coupling Factor ......................................................................... 5
How to Meet the Actual Frequency Tolerance Situation............................................................. 7
Example .......................................................................................................................................... 9
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
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General Information
The reader antenna is a series resonance circuit
consisting of an inductor, a capacitor and a
resistor (see figure 1).
CR
LR
D river
A n te n n a
c o il
RR
O ve rall re sis ta nc e
f0
QR
U R = U DRV Q R
A higher Q factor results in a higher readerantenna voltage and therefore enhances the
energy transfer to the transponder. The drawback of a higher Q factor is the reduced
bandwidth of the antenna. A smaller bandwidth can reduce the induced data signal voltTELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
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Antenna Design Procedure
The resonant frequency of the reader antenna
shows a certain tolerance due to the limited
accuracy of the frequency-determining antenna
components, the influence of the lock cylinder
material, and the mounting accuracy of the
coil. This chapter describes the design of the
reader antenna under that condition in respect
to the actual magnetic coupling situation.
The first step in designing the antenna is to
increase the magnetic coupling factor, k, as
much as possible. A good coupling factor enhances the energy transfer from the reader
antenna to the transponder but also increases
the signal voltage of the information that is
sent back to the reader antenna by the
transponder. This issue is very important as it
can help to achieve a more cost-effective
overall system design. This topic is described
in detail in the chapter "Optimizing the
Magnetic Coupling Factor".
With the value of k, determined in the chapter
mentioned above, the transponder voltage and
the modulated voltage at the reader coil can be
calculated according to the TEMIC Application Note ANT019 (page 3). Due to deviations
of the resonance frequency of the reader
antenna and that of the transponder antenna,
the data signal voltage at the reader coil may
be decreased or could even disappear. This
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
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H=
4 f0 0
LR r2 + d2
UR
f0
Operating frequency
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
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LR
Reading distance
f0 = 125 kHz
Operating frequency
LR = 737 H
r = 5 - 55 mm
d = 20 mm
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200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Figure 2. The magnetic field strength via the coil radius of the reader antenna
600
500
400
r1 = 10mm
r2 = 20mm
r3 = 30mm
300
200
100
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Figure 3. The magnetic field strength via the reading distance for various radius
The maximum magnetic field strength for a
given reading distance is achieved when the
coil radius is equal to the reading distance. If
this is the case, the magnetic field is
4
f0 = 125 kHz
Operating frequency
LR = 737 H
r1 = 10 mm
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UR
1
H n (d ) =
r2 = 20 mm
Reader coil
Wave-form generator
f = 125 kHz
0
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LT
C Para
C Cable
C Probe
Correction factor
(< 1)
LT
2 125 kHz
Transp. coil inductance (3.95 mH)
UT V
k = Ak
TTC
UT
LR
UR
LT
Ak
Correction factor
UT
UR
Coupling factor
LT
LR
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
Ak
0.9
0.89
0.88
0.87
0.86
5
10
15
C
Probe
20
25
30
+ C Cable (pF)
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Operation Mode 2
The reader antenna is operated with
two alternating frequencies. The differences to operation mode 1 are:
LR=413 H
LR=737 H
LR=826 H
LR=1.24 mH
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4
2.7
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40
35
30
LR=413 H
LR=737 H
LR=826 H
LR=1.24 mH
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.7
2.4
1
L R ( 2 f0 ) 2
f0 = 125 kHz
1
L R (2 f1 ) 2
1
L R (2 f 2 ) 2
TolT(%)
(see figure 9)
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LR
Antenna
coil
CR1
C RP
Alter frequency
Example
The TEMIC ID demonstration kit including the
reader board, the reader antenna and the
TEMIC read only plastic transponder is intended to assist the understanding of the ID
system as it offers the possibility of verifying
all physical parameters such as antenna voltage
and coupling factor etc.
Moreover, the kit serves as a fictive antenna
design example to illustrate the design procedure. The following assumptions and constraints apply for this design example:
Radius of the reader coil:
Frequency tolerance
of the reader coil:
Frequency tolerance of the
TEMIC plastic transponder
Minimum reading distance
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15 - 25 mm
3%
4%
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LR
r 0
LR
Vs
Am
20 mm
9
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CR
LR
f0
Operating frequency
(2 f0 )2 L R
0
0
10
20
40
30
Distance d (mm)
50
60
70
10
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Design Criteria
U DRV =
(U
DRV pp
Value
4
U DRV pp
10.8 V (pp)
U R = U DRV Q R
20 mm
737 H
Number of turns
12
130 V (pp)
97
LR
r 0
N
CR =
2.2 nF
(2 f0 )
LR
Operating frequency
IR =
UR
2 f0 L R
Supply current
Is =
IR
H=
H=
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125 kHz
224 mA (pp)
72 mA
UR
4 f0 0
1
r
LR r2 + d2
1. 5
192
A
(pp)
m
NI
d2
2 r 2 + 1
r
1. 5
11