MOURYAS

1.
2.
3.
4.

monarchical but advice by ministers

council of ministers(Purohita, Mahamantri, Senapati and Yuvaraja)
civil servants-amatyas
dhamma supervised by dhamma mahamantras

PLACE

UNDER

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Provinces(taxila,Ujjain, suvarnagiri,
kalinga)

Governor

Law &order,taxes

District

Rajukas

Assisted by yuktas

Villages

Gramani

Reported to gopas(incharge of
5-10 villages)

Revenue;
5. Chief-samharta
6. 1/6th of produce
7. Dept of commerce and industry-ensure supply of goods-weights and measures

SANGAM
1. Hereditary monarchy -taken the advice of his minister, court-poet and the imperial court or
avai.
2. Ministers (amaichar), priests (anthanar), military commanders (senapathi), envoys (thuthar)
and spies (orrar).

GUPTA
UNDER

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Empire

king

assisted council consisting

of a chief minister, a
Senapati or commander inchief of the army. high
official called Sandivigrahaminister for foreign affairs.

Province

bhuktis

Uprikas

mostly princes

District

Vishyas

Rajukas

Assisted by yuktas

villages

vishyas

vishypatis

PLACE

City administration-nagara shreshtis

pallavas
1.
2.
3.
4.

well organised state

kottam-officers appointed by king
land grant to temples and Brahmans-exemption from taxes
village assemblies- sabhas- committee- maintain records of lands and etc.

CHALLUKYA
1. highly centralise
2. no village autonomy
3. great maritime

HARSHA
1. Same on line with guptas
2.1/6th tax
3. Public record maintenance
4. Archives dpt special

RASHTRKUTAS
UNDER

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Empire

king

Appointed by king

Province

Rastras

Rastrapatis

Appointed by king

District

Vishyas

vishyapatis

Appointed by king

50-60 vilages

bhuktis

Bhogapatis

Appointed by king

Village head men

Significant role played

PLACE

Villages

NEO-CHOLA
Cent.govt
1.perundanam, sirudanam
Revenue
Called as puravuvarithinaikkalam
Land surveyed
Residential-ur nattam
Land belongs to temples
exempt from tax

PROVINCIAL ADMIN:

PLACE

UNDER

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Empire

King

Appointed by king

Province

mandalam

Rastrapatis

Appointed by king

District

Vishyas

Periyannattur

Nadus

Nattar

Number of autonomous
villages

Villages

Sabhas

30 wards

Uttiramerur(parantaka-1
gave details of villages
councils)

6 committes six different functions of the village administration -memebers called

variyapperumakkal
six variyams1.samvatsaravariyam,
2.erivariyam,
3.thotta variyam,
4.pancha variyam,
4.pon variyam
5.puravuvari variyam

PLACE

UNDER

Look over

Empire

Province

iqtas.

Sultanate

ultimate authority for the

military legal, political
activities.

muqtis or walis

Law and order and collect the

land revenue.

shiqs

shiqdar

pargana

amil

Village

muqaddam or chaudhri

comprising a number of
villages
1. The village remained the
basic unit of the
administration
2. The village accountant
was called patwari.

Delhi sultanate administration

1. The office of the Sultan was the most important in the administrative system-ultimate
authority for the military legal, political activities.
2. Military superiority remained the main factor in matters of succession.

CENT.GOVT
Post

Dept

work

Naib

Sultanate

Enjoyed all the powers of the Sultan and exercised

general control over all the departments.

Wazir

Diwani Wizarat

finance department

Ariz-i-mumalik

Diwani Ariz

Recruiting the soldiers and administering the

military department. He was not the commanderin-chief of the army

chief Sadr

Diwani Rasalat

Religious affairs. Grants were made by this

department for the construction and maintenance
of mosques, tombs and madrasas.

Qazi.

Judicial dept.

judicial department

Diwani Insha

1. department of correspondence
2. All the correspondence between the ruler and
the officials was dealt with by this department

Diwani Kohi

agricultural department

Muhammad bin Tughlaq created a separate

agricultural department

Diwan-i-Khairat

Firoz Tughlaq created

was created to take care of orphans and widows

ECONOMY-LANDS
Post

Dept

1.iqta land

Lands assigned to officials as iqtas instead of payment for

their services.

2. khalisa land

Land under the direct control of the Sultan and the revenues
collected were spent for the maintenance of royal court and
royal household.

3. inam land

land assigned or granted to religious leaders or religious

institutions

Sarais

Rest houses

VIJAYANAGARA
UNDER

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Empire

Sultanate

ultimate authority for the

military legal, political
activities.

Mandalams

The governor of Mandalam

was called Mandaleswara
or Nayak.

law and order and collect

the land revenue.

PLACE

Province

Nadus
sthalas
gramas

MUGHALS

PLACE
Empire

Province

1.
2.
3.
4.

UNDER

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Sultanate

ultimate authority for the

military legal, political
activities.

Forty seven sarkars. Chief Shiqdar (law and

order) and Chief Munsif
(judge)

the two officers in charge

of the administration in
each Sarkar.

Several parganas.

Shiqdar (military
officer),Amin (land
revenue), Fotedar
(treasurer) Karkuns
(accountants)

were in charge of the

administration of each
pargana.

iqtas.

There were also many

administrative units

Diwan i- Wizarat also called as Wazir - in charge of Revenue and Finance.

Diwan-i-Ariz in charge of Army.
Diwan-i-Rasalat- Foreign Minister.
Diwan-i-Insha- Minister for Communications.

Land Revenue Administration;

Akbar-revenue administration -Raja Todar Mal,called as Zabti or Bandobast system
Dahsala System which was completed in 1580. By this system
Todar Mal introduced a uniform system of land measurement. The revenue was fixed on the
average yield of land assessed on the basis of past ten years. The land was also divided into
four categories
Polaj -cultivated every year
Parauti-once in two years
Chachar -once in three or four years
Banjar (once in five or more years).
Payment of revenue was made generally in cash.
Mansabdari System:
1. every officer was assigned a rank (mansab)
2. lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles.The ranks were divided into
two zat and sawar. Zat means personal and it fixed the personal status of a person.
3.Sawar rank number of cavalrymen of a person who was required to maintain. Every sawar
had to maintain at least two horses.

Martha kingdom

post

Look over

Peshwa

Finance and general administration. Later he

became the prime minister.

Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati

Military commander,a honorary post.

Amatya

Accountant General.

Waqenavis

Intelligence, posts and household affairs

Sachiv

Correspondence

Sumanta

Master of ceremonies.

Nyayadish

Justice.

Panditarao

Charities and religious administration.

Chauth: was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas in order to avoid the Maratha
raids.
Sardeshmukhi: was an additional levy of ten percent on those lands which the Marathas claimed
hereditary rights.