Diabetes tipe 1 mellitus (T1DM) hasil dari kekurangan mutlak dalam sekresi insulin
yang disebabkan oleh autoimun sel-dimediasi penghancuran pankreas -sel.
Diabetes tipe 2 mellitus (DMT2) dikaitkan dengan cacat di otot, jaringan adiposa dan
glukosa hati dan insulin metabolisme, diwujudkan dengan sensitivitas insulin berkurang
dan sekresi insulin dan lebih tinggi resistance.
SIFAT KIMIA ANTHOCYANIN
Antosianin merupakan pewarna paling penting dan tersebar luas pada tumbuhan tingkat
tinggi.
penghasil warna merah jambu, merah marak, merah senduduk, ungu & biru
mengandung nitrogen
Secara kimia semua antosianin adalah merupakan turunan aromatik tunggal yaitu sianidin
dengan substituen beragam yaitu hidroksi dan metoksi. kerangka dasar dari antosianidin
adalah C6-C3-C6 dengan karakteristik C3 adalah dalam bentuk cincin piranium
ANTHOCYANIN BIOAVAILABILITY
Dalam sebuah penelitian menggunakan tikus Percobaan sebagai oksidatif Model stres,
anthocyanin terasilasi dari kubis merah efisien dilemahkan peningkatan paraquat hati
diinduksi zat asam reaktif thiobarbituric (TBARS) dan NADPH-sitokrom-P450-aktivitas
reduktasi. Dalam studi tikus lain, hewan diberi makan vitamin E-kekurangan diet selama 12
minggu diikuti oleh suplementasi dengan dimurnikan ekstrak kaya antosianin dari kerucut
dari Abies koreana. Diet anthocyanin meningkatkan plasma kapasitas antioksidan dan
penurunan hidroperoksida hati dan 8-okso-deoxyguanosine
(8-OHdG) konsentrasi,
Hal ini
diketahui bahwa diet antioksidan melindungi pankreas -sel dari stres oksidatif glukosa yang
diinduksi. Beberapa in vitro dan in vivo telah dikaitkan anthocyanin-mediated penurunan
stres oksidatif dengan peningkatan pancreas beta-sel produksi insulin tipe 2-penderita
diabetes.
Pengobatan dengan ekstrak antosianin dari kedelai hitam kulit biji dilindungi jaringan
pankreas dari STZinduced apoptosis pada tikus diabetes dengan mengatur protein apoptosis
terkait seperti Bcl-2, Bax, dan dibelah caspase-3. Setelah 8 minggu antosianin pengobatan
dari ceri cornelian (Cornus mas.
3. Aksi hipoglikemik
Resistensi insulin dan intoleransi glukosa dua Gejala yang merupakan ciri khas dari
prediabetes. resistensi insulin biasanya mendahului kelainan glukosa dan memfasilitasi
perkembangan gangguan glukosa toleransi terhadap DMT2. hiperglikemia berkelanjutan
diketahui menyebabkan reaksi toksik pada jaringan. Demikian, bahan kimia sintetis yang
ditujukan untuk menghambat hidrolisis karbohidrat dalam usus kecil dan mendorong
pemanfaatan glukosa jaringan perifer adalah DMT2 dasar pendekatan terapi. Oleh karena itu,
ada banyak yang menarik di agen alami yang memberi efek serupa, dan anthocyanin telah
efektif dengan cara ini. a-glukosidase (AGH, EC 3.2.1.20), yang merupakan enzim yang
terikat
membran
yang
terletak
di
usus
kecil
epitel,
mengkatalisis
pembelahan
selama 5 minggu) diregulasi adiposa putih ekspresi GLUT4 jaringan dan hiperglikemia
diperbaiki di KK-Ay mice.71 diabetes
4. Pengaturan Metabolisme Lipid
Disregulasi jangka panjang metabolisme lipid adalah sangat berkorelasi dengan
perkembangan insulin resistensi dan diabetes tipe 2. Suplementasi diet dengan anthocyanin
atau ekstrak antosianin memiliki dikaitkan dengan penurunan trigliserida serum, kolesterol
total, dan non-high-density lipoprotein (NHDL) kolesterol dan meningkatkan serum HDL-C
dan apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) dalam beberapa studi klinis (Tabel 8.1). Temuan ini
berimplikasi beberapa mekanisme terlibat dalam regulasi metabolisme lipid, termasuk AMP
diaktifkan protein aktivasi kinase. analisis microarray.
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