Ryan A. Kersting
Larry A. Fahnestock
Walterio A. Lpez
National Institute of
Standards and Technology
The contributions of the three review panelists for this publication are
gratefully acknowledged.
Rafael Sabelli, P.E., S.E., is Director of Seismic Design at Walter P
Moore, a structural and civil engineering firm with offices nationwide.
He is a member of the American Institute of Steel Construction Task
Committee 9 on Seismic Provisions and a member of the Building
Seismic Safety Councils 2014 Provisions Update Committee and of
the American Society of Civil Engineers Seismic Subcommittee for
ASCE/7-10.
Jerod G. Johnson, Ph.D., S.E., is a Principal and Director of Engineering
at Reaveley Engineers + Associates in Salt Lake City. He is serving
as the 2014-2015 president of the Structural Engineers Association of
Utah and is a member of the board of the Utah Chapter of EERI. He
contributed to pioneering efforts in BRBF design in the United States
on projects such as the Bennett Federal Building in Salt Lake City. As
an adjunct professor at the University of Utah, Jerod has led research
efforts in the use of buckling-restrained braces for targeted energy
dissipation in tuned mass damper applications.
Michael D. Engelhardt, Ph.D., P.E., is a Professor in the Department of Civil,
Architectural and Environmental Engineering at the University of Texas
at Austin since 1989. He serves as a member of the AISC Committee
on Specifications, AISC Task Committee 9 on Seismic Design, and the
AISC Connection Prequalification Review Panel. He has been actively
involved in research, teaching, and standards development for seismicresistant steel structures for more than 25 years. He has been a recipient
of the AISC T.R. Higgins Lectureship Award for outstanding contributions
in structural steel research and the AISC Lifetime Achievement Award.
CUREE
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Introduction ..............................................................................................1
Background of the Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame.....................................5
Principles for Design of BRBFs......................................................................8
Guidance for Analysis of BRBFs..................................................................11
Guidance for Design of BRBFs....................................................................14
BRBF Design and Fabrication Coordination..................................................19
Future Developments...............................................................................23
References.............................................................................................25
Notation and Abbreviations........................................................................29
Credits....................................................................................................30
Disclaimers
This Technical Brief was prepared for the Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
under the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) Earthquake Structural and Engineering Research Contract
SB134113CQ0009, Task Order 14-360. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of NIST or
the U.S. Government.
This report was produced by the Applied Technology Council (ATC) in association with the Consortium of Universities for Research in
Earthquake Engineering (CUREE). While endeavoring to provide practical and accurate information, ATC, CUREE, the authors, and the
reviewers assume no liability for, nor express or imply any warranty with regard to, the information contained herein. Users of information
in this report assume all liability arising from such use.
Unless otherwise noted, photos, figures, and data presented in this report have been developed or provided by ATC staff, CUREE
staff, or consultants engaged under contract to provide information as works for hire. Any similarity with other published information is
coincidental. Photos and figures cited from outside sources have been reproduced in this report with permission. Any other use requires
additional permission from the copyright owners.
Certain commercial software, equipment, instruments, or materials may have been used in preparing information contributing to this
report. Identification in this report is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that such
software, equipment, instruments, or materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NIST policy is to use the International System of Units (metric units) in all its publications. In this report, however, information is presented
in U.S. Customary Units (e.g., inch and pound) because this is the preferred system of units in the U.S. earthquake engineering industry.
Cover photo. Buckling-restrained braced frame under construction.
1. Introduction
Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBFs) are one
of the newer types of seismic force-resisting systems
used in modern building designs. As the two example
configurations shown in Figure 1-1 illustrate, BRBFs
resist lateral loads as vertical trusses in which the
axes of the members are aligned concentrically at the
joints. Although the global geometric configuration of a
rkWo
nt
poi
gt
len
h (L
wp
Y ie
n
ld le
gt h
(L y)
Buckling-restrained brace
Wide-flange beam
(L
y)
gt h
len
eld
Yi
W
or
k-p
o in
t le
ng
th
(L
w
Wide-flange column
Gusset plate
De-bonding agent
& expansion material
Concrete fill
Steel tube
Steel core
SECTION A-A
Transition Connection
region
region
Yielding region
typ.
typ.
Restrained Unrestrained
non-yielding non-yielding
segment
segment
typ.
typ.
Tension
Typical
buckling
brace
Bucklingrestrained
brace
Brace axial
deformation
Compression
Brace axial force
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
(a) CoreBrace
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
Pysc
Pysc
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
L/2
Dbx
Dx
Dx
qx
Dbx
Lw
qx
hsx
L wp
L/2
Backbone curve
1.5
1.0
0.5
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
wb
Figure 3-2. Conceptual BRB cyclic test data and backbone curve.
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
10
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
11
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
12
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
13
No, iterate
ASCE 7
Requirements met?
4. Iterate and finalize BRB sizing
Yes, continue
5. Calculate expected BRB
deformations
6. Show that the BRBs meet
performance requirements
7. Calculate adjustment factors and
adjusted BRB strengths
8. Continue design with adjusted BRB
strengths as amplified seismic load
Significant difference, go to 1
Compare T, V
to values from 1
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
14
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
15
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
16
(b) V-bracing
(b) V-bracing
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
17
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
18
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
19
DESIGN DOCUMENTS
BRB MANUFACTURER
1. Asc (tolerances)
2. Fysc (tolerances)
Manufacturer confirms
Asc , Fysc , Pysc ,
requirements can be met
KF corresponding to
projects conditions
KF within tolerances?
w, b less than
permissible?
Manufacturer confirms
requirements can be met
Figure 6-1. Flowchart for design and fabrication coordination (with arrows indicating the direction of the flow of
information from the design engineer to and from the BRB manufacturer.)
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
20
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
21
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
22
7. Future Developments
7.1 Enhanced Seismic Stability and
Residual Drift Control
BRB
SMRF
BRB
Elastic truss
Gravity frame
(a) BRBF-SMRF
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
23
BRBs in
outrigger frame
Outrigger
frame
Gravity-resisting
structural system
Buckling-restrained
deniartser-gnilkcbrace
uB
ecarb
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
24
8. References
AISC (2005). Seismic provisions for structural steel
buildings, (ANSI/AISC 341-05), American Institute of
Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
Chen, C. H., and Mahin, S. A. (2012). Performancebased seismic demand assessment of concentrically
braced steel frame buildings, PEER 2012/103, Pacific
Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University
of California, Berkeley, CA.
Clark, P., Aiken I. D., Ko, E., Kasai, K., and Kimura
I. (1999). Design procedures for buildings
incorporating hysteretic damping devices,
Proceedings of the 68th Annual Convention of the
Structural Engineers Association of California,
Sacramento, CA.
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
25
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
26
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
27
Uriz, P., and Mahin, S. A. (2008). Toward earthquakeresistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame
structures, PEER 2008/08, Pacific Earthquake
Engineering Research Center, University of
California, Berkeley, CA.
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
28
Cd
Fcr
critical stress
F ysc
h sx
KF
Lwp
Ly
Pu
Py s c
YLR
Dx
Db x
BRB deformation
e sc
core strain
ey
yield strain
qx
AISC
ASCE
ASD
ATC
BRB
BRBF
CBF
CUREE
EBF
ELF
EOR
IBC
LRFD
MRSA
NRHA
NIST
NEHRP
OCBF
SCBF
SMRF
SDC
SEAOC
Buckling-Restrained Brace
Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame
Concentrically Braced Frame
Consortium of Universities for Research in
Earthquake Engineering
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
29
10. Credits
Cover photo
Figure 2-1(a)
Figure 2-1(b)
Figure 2-1(c)
Figure 7-2(a)
Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers
30