Gap 1
S
Gap 2
Gap 0
MITOSIS P, M, A, T
Growth and repair
(body cells)
MEIOSIS
Reproduction (sex
cells)
Meiosis I Reduction
Meiosis II Division
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Integumentary System
Skin (cutaneous membrane)
2. Skin derivatives
1.
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Hair
Nails
Table 4.1 (1 of 2)
Table 4.1 (2 of 2)
Skin Structure
Epidermisouter layer
Stratified squamous epithelium
Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)
Dermis
Dense connective tissue
Skin Structure
superficial
1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum (thick, hairless skin only)
5. Stratum corneum
Dermis
Two layers
Papillary layer (upper dermal region)
Projections called dermal papillae
Some contain capillary loops
Other house pain receptors and touch receptors
Reticular layer (deepest skin layer)
Blood vessels
Sweat and oil glands
Deep pressure receptors
Dermis
Overall dermis structure
Collagen and elastic fibers located throughout the
dermis
Collagen fibers give skin its toughness
Elastic fibers give skin elasticity
regulation
Skin Structure
Carotene
Orange-yellow pigment
Hemoglobin
Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries
Oxygen content determines the extent of red
coloring
Skin Appendages
Cutaneous glands are all exocrine glands
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Hair
Hair follicles
Nails
Mostly water
Salts and vitamin C
Some metabolic waste
Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)
Function
Helps dissipate excess heat
Excretes waste products
Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth
keratinized epithelial
cells
Melanocytes provide
pigment for hair color
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Functions of Bones
1. Support of the body
2. Protection of soft organs
3. Movement due to attached skeletal
muscles
4. Storage of minerals and fats
5. Blood cell formation
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Figure 5.1
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Appendicular skeleton:
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body.
Only body tissue able to contract
Create movement by flexing and extending joints
Muscle cells contain mitochondria
Types of muscle
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
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Types of Muscles
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
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Classification of Muscle
Skeletal
Cardiac
found in limbs found in heart
Smooth
Found in
viscera
Not striated,
1 nucleus
voluntary
involuntary
involuntary
Skeletal muscle
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Smooth muscle
Found in walls of
hollow internal
organs
Involuntary
movement of internal
organs
Elongated, spindle
shaped fibre with
single nucleus
Cardiac muscle
Found in the heart
Involuntary rhythmic
contraction
Branched, striated
fibre with single
nucleus and
intercalated discs
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cellular respiration
This all happens in the mitochondria of the cell
When a muscle is fatigued (tired) it is unable to
attached bone.
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Muscle Attachments
Insertion
Origin
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