Dreams of Tipu Sultan

10
In a few places the language is defective

and ungrammatical, but what is even more
astonishing
takes.
that
is
The
contains spelling mis-
it
which is not
list
an idea of the mis-
following
exhaustive will give

spellings
^jA:
for
yj\
j^^Ju for j^jj^
(Dreams
(Dreams
and 30)
153,9,1
oj:>^Jp for
oj:)Vj
(Dream
8)
for
\j>cp
(Dream
9)
^^\j>>P
(Dream
16)
(Dream
^
iq)
^^
\j>z^
^J\jyc^ for
iand27)
^J[y^ji> for ^xÛ^^

,
-iix^t^^j for
JlJ2ii for
<J\'J^ for
A^LÎ for
r^^J
(Sj-^-*
for
for
,.
*3i:Û^3
jli>f(Dream
16)
<^l^k (Dream 21)

^y^J\
(Dream
30)
-r^]^ (In the last note)

(5^va.-
And last but not least

jUy for
oTy
(In the last note)
(which occurs twice

in
Dream No.
8)
11
Court historians have
Tipu
only
Sultan's
and
scholarship
eulogized
character
literary
skill,
not
but
his
and
his
mastery of the Persian language has been

taken for granted.
reviled
British historians
disregarding the
character,
his
have
but they have
views of the court historians,
accepted their contention with regard to

his
way
the other
that a great
The
attainments.
scholastic
round.
man
It
is
facts
are
not essential
should also be a master
of some language or other which, in any
Tipu Sultan was not. From the age

of fifteen onwards we see him accompanying his father in the various wars which
he fought. It is not to be wondered at
case,
that he could not receive systematic edu-
cation
of the
type
had he
received
that
lived
he might
in
more peaceful
times.
Now
have
'
a word about the contents of the
dreams.
Of
the
thirty-seven
dreams
recorded the majority are concerned with

his
wars
against
the
British
and
their
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
GIFT OF
HORACE W. CARPENTIER
Pakistan Historical Society Publications No.
7.
THE DREAMS OF TIPU SULTAN
Translated from the original Persian
with an Introduction and Notes
By
MAHMUD
HUSAIN,
Professor of History,
Ph. D.
University of Karachi
KiU6
'CARPENTIER
nigno
Ofil
moil bsifiipneiT
ocJouboDf?!
a dH
.VlIA^giH
QUl/iHAU
1>S470
CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgements
..
..
17
Translator's Introduction
Note on Tipu Sultan's Calendar
..33
Tipu Sultan's Preface
Marhatta Army 35
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
I:
Three
II:
The
III:
Seating a
IV:
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
IX:
XI:
The Pitchers of Milk

41
The Sea Cocoanuts
43
The Beryl Mine
45
The Line of Entrenchments
47
Hadrat
The Sacred
Relics
from
Bandah-Nawaz
49
The White Elephant from China
52
The Top of the Hill
57
The Bear
59
XII:
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
XIII:
A woman
XIV:
Destroying the
XV:
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
V:
VI:
VII:
VIII:
Officers of the
Crescent
..38
King on the Throne of Delhi 39

.
X:
XVIII:
XIX:
XX:
XXI:
XXII:
Message from the Prophet through

Hadrat Ali
.
XVI:
XVII:
in
Knife
Man's Dress
Flowers
Strange
Emeralds
67
69
72
72
Nizam's Representative
Extraordinary Idols
570
66
Collapse of the Gate
Thief
63
65
Cow
61
Enemy
.
74
77
78
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dream
Dseam
Dream
Sayyid
The Mango Grove

The French Troops
XXV:
The Nizam's Minister
XXVI:
The Expulsion of the English
XXVII: The Hajj
XXVIII: The Fresh Dates
XXIII:
80
XXIV:
81
83
84
85
87
XXIX:
Battle with the English
88
XXX:
In the Assembly of Saints
89
XXXI:
XXXII:
The Gift of the Turbans

The Bridge of Elephants.
90
XXXIII: Almonds and
Stones
XXXIV:
Shaikh Sa'adi of Shiraz
XXXV:
Maulana Jami
The Plantain Fruits
XXXVI:
XXXVII; The Armies of the

Muhammad Aslam's Dream
91
92
Unbelievers
Index
94
96
96
98
99
103
ILLUSTRATIONS
Tipu Sultan A Portrait
...
...
page from Tipu Sultan's Book of Dreams
:
Facing page i
Facing page 33
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The
express
who
editor
helped
India
of
deep
his
him
in
Library
Office
a photostatic
script
in
their
Bibliotheque
to
obtain
of
the
those
who
tion,
annotation,
special
assisted
mention of
the
microfilm
original
rotograph
manuthe
was procured from
the
through
Paris,
the
Curiel, Director of Archae-
From among
Government of Pakistan,
ology,
To
of
Nationale^
kindness of Dr. R.
to
particularly thank-
is
possession,
copy of this manuscript
wishes
those friends
all
to
preparation.
he
copy
book
little
its
him
ful for permitting
and
this
gratitude
him
in
etc, he
the
task
is
happy
of translato
make
Mr, âkariyya Mail of the

Mr, Syed Abdur
Pakistan Historical Society and
Rahman, a
of
research scholar in
History,
lecturer
in the
University
Jamia
of
College,
the
Department
Karachi,
now
^'
Digitized by the Internet Archive

In
2008
with funding from
Microsoft Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/dreamsoftipusultOOtipprich
INTRODUCTION
In the India Office Library there
is
very valuable and interesting manuscript
Tipu Sultan's dreams in his

It was discovered by
containing
own hand
writing.^
memobed-chamber when
among
Colonel Kirkpatrick^
randa in the Sultan's
palace was subjected
the
the
May
Habibullah,
fall
Tipu Sultan was

time
1
Library
of
Ethe,
the
Catalogue
1822
in
of
India Office, Vol.
Nationale of Paris has a copy
made
for
the
Munshi of
the
was
I,
of
discovered.
Manuscripts
Persian
document
this
BibHotheque
Pets.,
937.
have
Royale,
^Kirkpatrick, W.,
Tippoo Sultaun,
secured photostatic
was
as
was
he
reporting
he did.
was
on the
it
Nationale,
copies
of the
its
copy
Nationale.
is
London,
languages
oriental
India,
the
which
original manuscript in the I ndia Office as well as of

in the Bibliotheque
in
The Bibliotheque
No, 3001.
then called. See the Catalogue of the Bibliotheque
SuppL
in
said to be present at the
manuscript
the
Herman
a thorough
to
of Seringapatam,
search after
1799.
other
and
the editor
181
1.
experience
entrusted with
of
the
documents seized
of
task
Letters
Select
Because of
his
of
knowledge of
different
courts
of examining
in
and
from the palace, which
According
knew of
Kirkpatrick,
to
the
existence
of such
HabibuUah
a manu-
but Tipu Sultan had so successfully
script
concealed
it
that
confidant
this
had never before seen
it.
of his
Tipu Sultan was
have always manifested peculiar

anxiety to hide it from the view of any who
said
to
happened
approach while he was either

reading or writing in it J
Later, on April
180O5
23,
as
to
this
little
"register",
termed, was presented in
has been
it
or
diary,
name of the Marquis

Hugh Inglis, Chairman of
the
Directors of the East India
Company, by
the
Major
(as
Wellesley
to
Court of
he then was) Alexander Beat-
Thus belonging to the Library of

the East India Company, London, it is
son.^
now
in
Library.
IBeatson,
with
possession
Tippoo Sultauny
Memoranda
Ât
one
of
London,
in English
time
1800,
by Beatson
aid-de-camp
to
author of one of the
first
cited above.
Office
have
register
and
p.
of
War
also
the
Conduct
196.
See
in the manuscript
itself.
Marquis Wellesley and
Surveyor-General to the army in the
Tipu Sultan,
India
the
Entries in this
A View of the Origin
field;
Beatson
is
the
books published by a British writer on
9
been made in what Ethe has called "a
The dreams and other
fearful Shakista".
on the first thirty- two

pages of the register and again on eleven
pages towards the end of it. In between
notes are recorded
a large number of pages are
The
of
size
the register
is
left
7|
blank.
inches
by
5I inches.
In this diary, apart from a few other
Tipu Sultan has put down some of

dreams. Obviously it cannot be con-
notes,
his
sidered a complete register of his dreams.

It is
more
likely that
such dreams in
The
recording.
dreams
as
it
he wrote out only

he thought worth
first
of
recorded
the
dated 1785, the last 1798, covering a period of thirteen years.

Of some
is
dreams he has given his own

interpretations.
Leaving aside other memoranda, the dreams recorded are thirtyseven in number.^ They are all in Persian.
of
these
Six of these dreams (Nos. 12, 13, 14, 17, 24
been translated by
appendix to
GIX-CXII
his
and 28) have
Beatson and given in the form of an
book
cited
above,
appendix
XXXV,
pp.
10
In a few places the language
and ungrammatical, but what

astonishing
takes.
is
The
that
defective
even more
contains spelling mis-
it
following
list
which
not
is
an idea of the
exhaustive will give

spellings
is
is
mis-
^\:^^
for
yj\
^y{x* for j^^j^
(Dreams
(Dreams
153,9,1
oj')^]^ for
oj'>Vj
(Dream
8)
for
Sjpz^
(Dream
9)
\j>z^
^J\jy^^
for
and 30)
iand27)
^J\J>^ (Dream 16)
ÂAy^'j^ tor ^4M<,ji

.
r
A.:^l^^^j tor
,
JlJ2. for
,.
jl:Û^j
Jli>r
(Dream
"^
iq)
^^
(Dream
16)
for
cjl-^k
(Dream
21)
JL^LÎ for
j^^d^l
(Dream
30)
vl^^
^^J[
for jOMz^l (In the last note)
(Sj^^ for
^yP^^ (In the last note)
And last but not least

oU^9 for
oTy (which occurs twice

in
Dream No.
8)
11
Court historians
Tipu
only
and
scholarship
have eulogized
Sultan's
character
literary
skill,
not
but
his
and
his
mastery of the Persian language has been

taken for granted.
reviled
British historians
disregarding the
character,
his
have
views of the court historians, but they have
accepted their contention with regard to

his
the other
way
that a great
The
attainments.
scholastic
round.
man
It
is
facts
are
not essential
should also be a master
of some language or other which, in any
Tipu Sultan was not. From the age

of fifteen onwards we see him accompanying his father in the various wars which
he fought. It is not to be wondered at
case,
that he could not receive systematic edu-
cation
of the
received
type
had he
that
lived
he might
in
have
more peaceful
times.
Now
dreams.
a word about the contents of the
Of
dreams
recorded the majority are concerned with
his wars against the British and their
the
thirty-seven
12
allies.
Such are
dreams
I,
III,
VII,
XIV,
XX, XXI, XXIV, XXV,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXXII and XXXVI.
XI,
There are several other dreams which give

tidings of general success and
victory in
war such as dreams II, IV, V, VI, IX,
XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXII,
XXIII, XXVII, XXVIII, and XXXIII.
Some of the dreams point to his intense
and veneration for the Prophet,
love
Hadrat Ali and other Muslim saints
and sufis. This is manifest from dreams
XXXI XXXIV and
VIII, X, XII,
XXXV.
In
some of
the
dreams
there
is
dream was recorded in the register immediately after Tipu

Sultan woke up. Towards the end of
dream III, for instance, he says, ^' While
this conversation was still in progress, I
woke up and wrote down the contents of
the dream immediately", and at the end
of dream IV, he records, ^Ât this juncture
I woke up and wrote down the dream."
clear indication that the
13
Tipu Sultan has also interpreted some

dreams. Such is the case with dreams
XXXI.
XVII, XXVIII and
XIII,
of his
Some
are
of these interpretations
In dream
interesting.
interprets
the
woman
highly
XIII Tipu Sultan

in
man's
dress
as
enemy, the Marhattas, against whom

he was waging a war at that time. In
his
dream XXVIII the

dates
fresh
dominions of
three enemies,
the Marhattas
tish,
so
his
three silver trays
been interpreted
have
he hoped, would
of
as the
the Bri-
and the Nizam, which,

fall
into his hands.
Tipu
Sultan's diary consists of
dreams and
certain other memoranda. In this book
As has been mentioned
above,
the reader will find the translation
As
to
piece
The
to
of
all
by Tipu Sultan.
the other memoranda,
only one
has been selected for translation.
dreams
the
recorded
various items in the
memoranda
relate
some of the events of Tipu Sultan's time
or episodes in his
instance,
one
life.
finds
the
In one
place, for
names of persons
14
or
killed
and
wounded
in
certain
in another, the time of
Tipu Sultan's
departure from, or arrival
in,
on a particular
by Tipu Sultan
occasion
betrothal
report
also
finds
from
received
the
about the discovery of enormous
footprints in a field has
diary
the
the Capital
present given
young couple on the
to a
of their
mention.
mofussil
occasion.
battle,
which,
been included in
incidentally,
is
not
in
Tipu Sultan's own hand-writing. Perhaps

he asked one of
in
the
secretaries to insert
his
There
diary.
is
also
recorded
it
dream of one, Sayyid Muhammad Aslam,

concerning Tipu Sultan which he thought
it fit
to insert along with his
This piece seemed to

present
of the
fit
own
into the
book and
has,
dreams.
scheme
therefore,
been translated.
The dominant note throughout these
dreams is what was uppermost in Tipu
Sultan's
from
mind
the
how
foreign
psycho-analyst
to free
yoke.
may have
country
his
Whatever
to
say
the
about
15
them, to a student of history
importance to discover
it is
of greater
how Tipu
Sultan
himself interpreted these dreams and
they influenced his actions.
From
how
a peru-
becomes clear that
sal
of this register
his
hours of sleep were as devoted to the
it
cause of freedom as the hours while he
was awake.
A NOTE ON TIPU SULTAN'S

CALENDAR
Among
the reforms introduced by
Sultan was the reform of the
calendar.
necessary to have an understanding
It is
of
Tipu
for
it
the
proper appreciation of the
by Tipu Sultan
mentioned
dates
in this
book.
The
tribute
as
function of the calendar
time
into
certain
is
to
periods
dis-
such
hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc.
The
solar
day
is
determined by the daily
on its axis and the

and darkness and the
rotation of the earth
alternation of light
by the revolution of the earth

around the sun which completes the circles
of the seasons. But it is the revolution of
the moon around the earth which yields
the month.
Thus the solar day, the solar year and
solar year
the
lunar
month may
natural divisions
be
of time.
termed
the
The Muslim
18
calendar, however,
is
a lunar calendar in
which twelve lunar months make a year,

of the circle of seasons.
irrespective
Muslim
era,
as
is
well known,
The
counted
is
from the year of the hijrat or migration of

the Prophet of Islam from Mecca
to
Medina in 622, A.D. The result of the
adoption of the lunar year by the Muslims
has been that the Muslim festivals do not
fall
all
any particular seasons and run through

the seasons of the year, and in about 32-^
in
solar years the
starting
point.
Muslim year returns to

Muslim governments,
its
in
following this calendar,
have experienced
administrative
in
difficulty
the
collection
of agricultural taxes since crops are link-
up with
Muslim year
ed
the
is
not.
seasons
whereas
Consequently attempts
have been made in Muslim history
ways
and
difficulty.
the
to devise
overcoming this
means for
While for religious purposes the
lunar year has been treated as sacrosanct,

for
other
have
been
purposes
number of
adopted from
time
to
devices
time.
19
In
connection
this
A.H.5
366
Tai
Fatimid
of the
efforts
A.H.), of the
(363-381
the
In India the
turned
at-
MaHk
Seljuq
(circa
century
nineteenth
.Government also
was described as
CaHph
by the famous
his efforts
Umar Khayyam
poet,
the
about
Al-Aziz,
Abbasid
of the
Shah, assisted in
In
may be mentioned
A.H.)
471,
Ottoman
what
the
towards
Islah-et-teqwim.
MusUms found
that the
Hindus had from very early times employed

cycles made up of a combination of solar and lunar years in which
the lunar year was periodically adjusted
to the solar year. The Hindu rites and festivals were regulated by the lunar year and
luni-solar
in domestic
choosing
the
for
life,
important events such as
an
of
auspicious
marriage or undertaking a
were
But
regulated
this
by
calendar
the
itself
lunar
was
occasion
journey
calendar.
subject
to
adjustments to the solar calendar by the

addition of intercalary months.
The Hindu
calendar also recognized the existence of
20
a sixty-year cycle known as "Brihaspati
Chakra". Tipu Sultan was
apparently
influenced by these factors.
The
reforms introduced by Tipu Sultan
in the prevalent
Muslim
calendar consis-
ted of the following:
He
reckoned the Muslim era not from
the hijrat occurring in 622 but from
He
advent of Islam in 609 A.C.
chose to
era ^'Maulud-i- Muhammad '\
this
call
era reckoned from the birth of
the
the
Muhammad.
Actually, however, his era begins not with
the birth of the Prophet but with the pro-
clamation of prophet-hood by
In
words,
other
years
earlier
Another
Sultan
in
his
than
era
the
measure
Muhammad.
begins
hijrat.
adopted
connection
thirteen
with
by
the
Tipu
calendar
was the adoption of the Hindu months

however,
and the sixty-year cycle. He,
names to the various Hindu
gave new
months.
year
Similarly
cycle
was
each year in the 60given
distinct
In designating the months and
name.
years,
he
21
made
use of the
abjad
terms of numbers.
in
systems
abtath
every letter of the alphabet
of evaluating
which
and
the
follows
The
abjad system
ancient order
alphabet had been quite
common
of the
through-
out the Muslim world for several centuries.
In addition to
employed
known
is
this,
another
as abtath in
however, Tipu Sultan

system
of
valuation
which the order of letters
the one that exists in the Arabic script.
He
also
The
called
it
numerical
'^hisab-i-zcir'\
value
of each
letter
according to the traditional Abjad

is
system
as follows:
C5-
30
20
10
tr
70
6o
50
40
\,
22
J
200
C
600
U*
100
90
80
400
300
<J
500
];
1000
900
J'
800
And the value of the various

ording to the Abtath is:
c_j
700
letl
7-
tr
30
20
10
c^
u'
70
60
50
40
vJ
)i
200
100
90
80
cT
l5
600
500
400
300
c5
900
800
700
4
J
1000
23
The names adopted

cording
were
to
for the
months
ABJAD
I.
Chait
Ahmadi
2.
Baisakh
Bahari
3.
Jeth
Jafari
kSj^^
4.
Asarh
Darai
Jljl^
5-
Sawan
Hashimi
^û
6.
Bhadon
Wasii
^x^lj
7-
Asuj
Zabarjadi
(or
ac-
the Abjad and Abtath systems
c5a^*.l
l5jV^
Kunwar)
8.
Kartik
Haidari
9-
Aghan
Tului
^>
10.
Pus
Yusufi
j^^.
II.
Magh
Yazidi
iS^jk
12.
Phagun
Bayasi
Li-^
24
ABTATH
I.
Chait
Ahmadi
2.
Baisakh
Bahari
3-
Jeth
Taqi
4-
Asarh
Thamari
5-
Sawan
Jafari
6.
Bhadon
Haidari
Asuj
Khusrawi
7-
(or
c5^W=-l
C^jV:
J''
iSj^'
(Sj^^=-'
<5j^-
Kunwar).
8.
Kartik
Dini
9-
Aghan
Dhakiri
^^ri5
lO.
Pus
Rahmani
j^^j
II.
Magh
Radi^
^^b
12.
Phagun
Rabbani
uîo
1.
In
this register
Tipu Sultan
writes this
month
as
Razi
(Sj
'J
25
Tipu Sultan
also
adopted the system of
There was, however, a

little difference between his system and the
traditional Hindu system.
Whereas these
months were added by the Hindus towards
the end of the year, Tipu Sultan added
them in the beginning.
The names given to each year in the 6oyear cycle were as follows:
intercalary months.
ABTATH
ABJAD
Ahad
I.
Ahad
2.
Ahmad
3-
Ab
vi
Ab
4-
Aba
Aba
5-
Bab
6.
Baj
Ji;^!
a*.=..l
vli
Ahmad
Abad
8.
Abaad
9-
Jah
o.
Awj
Jij!
vl
ijl
vl^
Tab
vij'
Taba
jU
Baj
.U
Taj
Thabit
C-''
a^^l
Bab
C^'
7-
a^l
IjD-
C^
^^
cjir
26
ABTATH
ABJAD
11.
Haj
12.
Jahd
j^^^^
13.
Jihad
^ L^rw
14.
Wajid
15.
Yad
16.
Zuhd
17.
Jawza
18.
Hai
g.^
j^*.lj
Abad
j,A
Abaad
Bar
Hajib
jîbj
Rija
Ij^:.
Hur
l-J
Dur
C5-^
19.
Wahid
20.
Buduh
21.
Tayyib
22.
Tayib
23.
Yuz
24.
Kad
25.
Hawi
26.
Kabad
27.
Agah
j^^lj
Dar
j(j
Rabat
J,
Barid
^ll,
j^,
or
^jU
ju5"
o^T
^j
Charkh
^jc^
Kharaj
^Kk
Taz
Khirad
Badr Tab
Dur Taj
jU
.^^
v^^j-*^^
jÛj.^
27
ABTATH
ABJAD
28.
Wahid
jl^s-j
Dadar
29.
Yahi
^_^=.Ij
Zad
30.
Kai
31.
Kaya
32.
Kabud
33-
Ibl
J,
34.
Dil
Ji
35.
Dal
Jb
Zartab
36.
Jibal
ju
Rabtaz
37.
Zaki
^^S
Sakh
38.
Azal
Jj
Sakha
39.
Jalu (or
Jilau.)
40.
Dalw
41.
Ma
J'^
jbb
Zar
JJ
\.S'
Zaar
jlj
:>j^
Bazr
j3^
1^
Zarab
vTjj
Sata
Û
Daraz
^^
^^
42.
Kabk
43.
Jam
^^
44.
Jaam
jU
jC5"
Dasa
Sha
Sara
Ij
Sarab
<_>l .*.
Shata
I"/:
28
ABJAD
ABTATH
45.
Adam
Zabarjad
46.
Wall
Sihr
47.
Waali
Sahir
48.
Kawkab
Rasikh
49.
Kawakib S\yS'
^^
j{)
^:^^
^Û
Shad
Hirasat
52.
Yam
Dawam
Hamd
53.
Hamid
Barish
54.
Jan
Rastar
55.
Adan
Bashtar
56.
Huma
Basharat
57.
Majid
Sharh
58.
Kuhl
Rushd
59.
Jahan
Sabah
^Ly?
60.
Mujiz
Irshad
^lijl
50.
51.
Saz
Shadab
^^j U
j
U^j
/^^
oj li.j
29
Before concluding
refer
to
Sultan
one
which,
more
it
is
necessary
innovation
indeed,
deserves
to
of Tipu
special
comprehending it,
the dates in this register would be inexplicable.
Like the Arabic script which is
written from right to left,
Tipu Sultan
wrote figures also in this manner. Thus
he wrote 54 as 45, 132 as 231, and 1217
In the register he writes his figures
as 7 1 2 1
uniformly in this manner, although, to
mention,
for
without
avoid unnecessary confusion, the translator

has followed the normal practice.
THE
DREAMS
OF
TIPU SULTAN
PREFACE
THE BOOK OF DREAMS
The dreams
have had and
am
having are beuig
written in (this register).
^r:?::-;^;:V:S^->;^:v^<;x|.
/.f
.*,
^^?^/<^
"4.
J-'^^-
page from Tipu Sultan's Book of Dreams.
Dream
THREE OFFICERS OF THE
MARHATTA ARMY
On
the
St
of the lunar
month Ahmadi,
on Thursday night, in the beginning of

1200 A.H.^, when three
the year Dalw,
quarters and five watches of the night
were over, while at Shamsabad, I had a
dream: It appeared to me as if the
army had
Marhatta
arrived
throwing out a challenge to
come forward
to
Muslim
and
officer of the
challenge.
its
and
was
commander
fight
In the battle-field,
singly.
army accepted
the
while both
the armies were facing each other, I killed

the
Muslim
officer
with one single strike
of the sword. Thereupon the

of the army,
who was a youth, fled.
and overtook him and

finished
1.
For the
him. Similarly
names
in this diary
commander
of months and
and generally
in
I
pursued
one stroke
killed
years used by
third
Tipu Sultan
for his calendar,^^^ pp. 17
33.
36
of importance.
officer
Having thus
killed
three officers with one strike each, I
back
came
my men
triumphant and victorious.

saw in the dream all my officers and
Sahib^
taking their
Haidar
meals in a house. I was tired and was
asking for drinking water. Those present,
to
Then
paying
after
to
compliments,
requested
me
In the
drink water after taking food.
meanwhile a venerable old man wearing

a white beard and with cream and sweets
in his hands appeared and asked me to
partake of them. I took these things from
him and
them
after eating
I said to
myself:
have never before taken such savoury
*'I
and
food;
tasteful
Then,
quired
it
is
simply delicious."
performing
after
from
had destroyed
my
officers
the
army
ablution,
en-
whether they
unbe-
of the
army
replied that they had not and that they had
taken no initiative in the matter and had
lievers.
The
officers
of the Haidari
cousin of Tipu Sultan's father, Haidar Ali.
It
was Haidar
Sahib, himself in the employnient of the Raja of
who had
first
introduced Haidar Ali to the Raja.
Mysore,
37
Meanwhile, they
said, the army of the unbehevers together
with the booty was stationed in the villages.
Having alerted my army, I at once started
for the place, took away the sword from
been
my
awaiting
attendant
Sayyid
told
orders.
and
tied
Junaid,^
it
my
to
Sayyid
waist.
Ghaffar^
and other officers to be ready with their
men
war.
for
And
that
is
all.
Sayyid Ghaffar, formerly belonging to the army of the
Nawab
was a confidant of Tipu Sultan; a very
brave
trusted
officer
of Arcot,
and
He
war
loyal
of Tipu
Sultan's army,
person and an officer of his
died fighting at Seringapatam

in
Haidari,
in the last
which Tipu Sultan himself was

p.
390.
army
since
1782.
Anglo-Mysore
killed.
JVishan-i-
Dream
II
THE CRESCENT
It
was Sunday, the night of Monday,
of the
on
this
lunar
side
year
the
27th
of
^z7Az/}"^,
of Shahidpur by the
Kaveri,^ about the time of the false
that I
had a dream:
as if along
It
appeared to
with other people
on a high spot looking
river
dawn
for the
me
was standing
new moon
of
month of Ramadan. None could see the

moon. I, however, saw a very slender and
beautiful crescent surrounded by several stars
the
seemed to be pointing
the new moon to all others present and
telling them that, if God willed, 'Id would
be celebrated the following day .... That
of the pleiades.
is all.
Seringapatam, the Capital of Tipu Sultan,
is
situated
Kaveri. In history and literature the river has

closely interlinked
with the
memory
of
Tipu
on the
come
Sultan.
to
be
Dream
III
SEATING A KING ON THE THRONE

OF DELHI
MUNIFICENT
On
the
15th
the
year
GOD
Sha,
month
of the
from the birth of
12 15,
Muhammad, on Monday when

of the day remained,
It
seemed
as if I
nity of Delhi,
Bahari,
five
watches
had a dream:
had ahghted
in the vici-
and Sindhia, the Marhatta
had along with his army, similarly

encamped quite close to us. A fine officer
Chief,
of the Delhi
my
word,
army was nearby. Giving him

ordered him to come to me.
The above mentioned

uddin^
sat
in
front
lay before them.
and Qutbof me and a rosary

officer
asked the officer men-
tioned above to take an oath on the rosary
which symbolises God's word

1
One
of the generals of
Tipu Sultan,
of the mission that was sent to the
Nizam
which
after
He was
in
1787.
member
40
I
promised
would
thereupon,
officer,
tell
him something. The
took the oath on the
him "You along

and Qutbuddin Khan
with your men
the
men
of our own army
along with
should both encamp in front of the
Then
rosary.
I said to
unbelievers and,
if
going to Delhi to
its
God wills, I shall be

make arrangements for
administration and seat a king on the
throne,
since
this
Islam.
Once
will
strength
to
that, I shall
be
give
have done
able to punish the unbelievers thoroughly."
While
conversation
this
progress,
the
contents
This
is all.
woke
of the
was
still
in
up and wrote down

dream immediately.
Dream IV
THE PITCHERS OF MILK
Merciful God!
On
the
8th of the
month Taqi, of
year 1218, from the birth of
the
Muhammad,
on the night of Wednesday, when four

watches were yet to go and while returning
after
of
the
conquest of the
Rama
Nayar^
entrenchments
Madher
at
had
Kerah
dream: It
seemed as if a person immediately after
milking a cow had brought two small
pitchers
of fresh milk before me and
was saying that he had brought this milk
near
Salamabad^,
Leader of the Malabar insurgents.

Nayars, in general,
see
Madras,
For a description of the
E. Thurston.
Castes
and
Tribes of
V, pp. 283-413.
Salamabad was the name given by Tipu Sultan to
Southern India,
mangalam.
The
Salamabad was
tanat-i-Khudadadf
Kirkpatrick's
contention of
the
name
4th ed., p.
mud
Banglori into
II,
181.
Mahmud
503)
Urdu and
is
Sultan,
not
Satya-
Bangalori
given to Coimbatore
Letters of Tipu
Vol.
p.
1909, Vol.
that
(vide Sal-
corroborated
translated
by
entitled Sahifa-i-Tipu
by
MahSultan,
42
me
from the udder and that

it was very sweet,
tasteful and rich in
butter. I took the pitchers from his hand
and found this fresh milk bubbling with
for
straight
on top. After
telling the man that the milk must be very
sweet and agreeable to the palate, I took
the milk and kept it with me. At this
juncture I woke up and wrote down the
particles of butter
dream.
scattered
Dream Y
THE SEA COCOANUTS

Truthful God!
On
the 2 1 St night of the
the
jadi,
following
and corresponding
Zig^'d,
the Capital,
seemed
large upper
to
fifty
to
being
the
Tuesday,
19th
night
when morning was about
at Patau,
dream:
day
month Zabar-
sea
to
dawn,
to
had the following
have gone up
chamber where
cocoa-nuts.
of
The
to the
saw
forty
smallest
of
was about the size of a lemon and the

was as large as a small pitcher.
1 took them all and kept them in front
of me. I cut one of the cocoa-nuts and
drank its water.
I praised the water of
the cocoa-nut and said that it was extremely sweet and refreshing.
I had tasted
these
biggest
the
water
of
sea
cocoa-nuts
previously
on two or three occasions but had found

it brackish. I
was surprised to find the
44
water of these cocoa-nuts so sweet. In the
meantime certain women who were strangers and were sitting there, cut one of the
bigger cocoa-nuts and removing its cover
opened it and passing on the pulp to me
said that it was very sweet. I, thus, took
it
in
my hand.
The
other cocoa-nuts were
lying in front of
me when
and did not again go
to sleep.
still
woke up
Dream VI
THE BERYL MINE

O
Merciful God!
On
the 24th/ the following day being
Saturday,
man
had a dream:
venerable old
appeared with a large piece of beryl
hand and said that a mine of this

precious stone was situated in the hill
named after Makhdum Jahanian Jahan
in his
This
(Gasht).^
1
The
month
is
hill
is
situated
near
not mentioned in this dream but apparently
of the same month is meant as has been mentioned

dream immediately preceding.
mentions
'*Makhdum Jahanian Jahan,"
Sultan
the 24th
in the
*
Tipu
apparently
an
omission.
Makhdum
"Gasht" being
popular
title
of
Jahanian
Jahan Gasht was the
Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari, the famous saint of Uchh in
the Bhawalpur Division of West Pakistan, He was born in
1307 and died in 1386 at Uchh where he was buried. He
"
travelled widely and thus came to be known as " Jahangasht
Tipu Sultan refers to the hill near Salem
or world-rover.
named after him. This hill is still known by this name amongst
the Muslims of the locality and is situated at a distance of
about seventeen miles from Salem. Coffee is grown on it
and it is a source of supply for aluminium and sand used in
the manufacture of sand-paper.
It
is also kno^vn by the
names of Arkad and Sarwerayan.
46
Salem. Accordingly,
viduals to go
and
ordered trusted indi-
find out
what was the
actual position as regards the beryl mine.
Dream VII
THE LINE OF ENTRENCHMENTS

On
of the year Sarab,

of
month Khusrawi,
17th of the
the
Muhammad,
from the birth
1217,
at Salamabad^,
had
dream: The army of the Sarkar-i-Ahmadi^

seemed
ments
have built a Hne of entrench-
to
for besieging a fort within
Nizam
the progeny of
were sueing
the
after
stage I
1
See
One
under
which
became
was looking
had
Dream No.
this
Sarkar-i-Haidari
the most popular
army
to
name
At
given
this
dream while
IV.
Government was
and Saltanat-i-Khudadad
name
Ahmadi should not be confused
i-Ahmadi, the
his
the
had planned
the names by which Tipu Sultan's
known, others being
Sarkar-i-
and
of entrenchments.
line
woke up.
note
of
for mercy.
strategems
excellent
Khan and
The people within the
son of Basalat Jang.

fort
Ali
which were
by Tipu Sultan
which new converts
for his
with
to Islam
the
kingdom.
Lashkar-
to a section
were
of
recruited.
48
resting before the departure of
Khan and
3 It
Ali
Raza
to
Qutbuddin
Nizam AH Khan.^
was in connection with the mission that the Nizam had sent
negotiate peace that he had asked
to
to Tipu Sultan
Qutbuddin Khan and Ali Raza Khan to accompany the
Nizam's agents to Hyderabad to secure the establishment
of a political as well as matrimonial alliance by marrying
Tipu Sultan's represenhis son to the Nizam's daughter.
tatives
reached
the
Nizam's court in February, 1889.
Dream VIII
THE SACRED RELICS FROM

HADRAT BANDAH-NAWAZ
On
the 5th of the
of the year Shata,
month Raz Thamari,

corresponding to the
from the birth of

Shawwal, 12 18,
Muhammad, on Thursday, while returning to Patau, the Capital, at Salamabad,
I had a dream: I saw coming
two aged
3rd
holy persons, both being
and
baggage
they had
come according
Hadrat
of
I
They
provisions.
to
to
told
servants),
also
me
orders
the
who
Bandah-nawaz^
Hadrat Bandah-nawaz (kind
with
brothers,
had
known
as
Gesu-daraz (the long-haired), is the title of Sayyid Muhammad,

a famous saint who spent the last twenty-two years of his life
at Gulbarga during the rule of Firuz Shah and Ahmad Shah
Bahmani; b. 721, d. 825 A.H. He was buried at Gulbarga.

There was a tradition in the family of Tipu Sultan from
the time of his great-grand-father of attachment to and
veneration for the
tomb of the Gesu-daraz
Haidari, p. 6) . Jalaluddin Husaini
in
the
Cambridge
History
of
is
the
(vide
Nishan-i-
name of the
sahit given
India
(Vol.
Ill,
p.
393)
borrowed by M. H. Khan in his History of Tipu Sultan which

is not supported by any of the well known authorities on the
subject.
50
sent certain sacred relics.
Then they gave
me a few pieces from the covers of the Ka'bah,

the
Madinah-i-Munawwarah and
of Hadrat Bandah-nawaz, a
the
tomb
copy of the
Holy Qur.'an and some sugar-candy. I took

the sacred relics and raised them to my head.
I then opened the Qur'an and found it was
written
in a beautiful hand.
name
of the Qur'an had the

written
I
on
it.
On
some
Every
page
of the scribe
of
the
pages
noticed the names of Hadrat Bandah-
Nawaz and
other saints.
Both
the
holy
me that this copy of the Holy

written by several saints
been
had
Qur'an
Hadrat
and
that
and calligraphists
Bandah-nawaz used to recite constantly
from this copy. The saint had done a
great favour, they added, by sending this
persons said to
copy
for
me. They also pointed out that
from among the

Bandah-nawaz
Hadrat
descendants
and it was their custom to recite the
Fatihah at his tomb and to offer sacrifices
they
themselves
were
of
around
it.
Then
read
those
verses
51
(of
the
Holy
inscribed in fine
of the tomb.
The same
the name
eleven
which had been

handwriting on the gate
Qur'an)
At
this
afternoon
of
Hadrat
cauldrons
point
woke up.
I offered Fatihah in
Bandah-nawaz
of sweets.
on
Dream IX
THE WHITE ELEPHANT FROM

CHINA
On
the
3rd
which happened
the
month Thamari
of the
to
be the
last
night of
month of Ramadan followed by Td
the next morning,
from the birth of
on the
the year Shata,
Muhammad,
outskirts of
12 18,
at a place
Salamabad, while the
army was returning from Farrukhi,^ I had

I
seemed to have gone out
a dream
:
for a Shikar of elephants
and captured from
the jungle two or three
herds of elephants
numbering
about
two
hundred,
like
Having chosen the good

male elephants and after handing them over
to the mahouts, the female-elephants and
flock
of sheep.
the young ones were set free in the jungle.

New name given by Tipu Sultan to Ferokh, now a village
in the
Ernad
district in
Madras.
place in the time of Tipu Sultan who,

the
town
to the
It
was an
important
indeed, tried to
position of a rival to Calicut.
raise
53
The
elephants did not run
freed
and continued
to
the
elephants.
with
along
my
In front of
men on two
Then
captured
the
palace, I found
white elephants and two horses
with
along
to stroll there.
palace
away
came
foot-men
several
carrying
and guns who had come from

somewhere standing to give me a salute.
I also stood up and enquired from them
where they had come from. They replied
they had come from beyond our country's
spears
frontier
along
with
the
agents
of
the
Emperor of China. I asked them to enter

the palace and take a seat in the Diwan-iAm and then called upon the agents of
China to appear before me. The two
agents along with the two elephants and
the two horses presented themselves accordingly.
On
reaching the
they paid their respects.
ceeded towards
me
place of obeisance
When
asked
to stand up, a practice
the
which
is
they proarz-begi^
observed
in the case of ambassadors. I noticed that

The person who presents the petitions to the chief.
54
both the persons were old and wore white
beards.
asked them to
enquiring
after
Emperor of China
purpose of their
no
object
in
the
after
down. Then
sit
health
of the
enquired about the
They
visit.
view
said they
than
other
promotion of greater friendship.
had
the
asked
the elephants and horses to be brought near
me and I made
I
the elephants take a round.
enquired from them as to what
mode
of
capturing
elephants
was the
in
their
country and explained to them the one

prevalent in our
capturing
own which
whole
herd
selecting the better ones
and
consisted in
of
from among them
setting the rest free in the jungle. I
invited
them
phants
captured
to
have a look at the

that very day.
ordered the elephants captured

to
elephants,
be brought.
phants
were
Three or four such
placed
before
the
then
that day
ele-
Chinese
them that the elephants and

which the Emperor of China had
agents. I told
horses
ele-
55
and friendship
sent as a token of affection
indeed,
were,
very good,
was
interchange
friendly
The
custom.
charming
As
was very white
remembered
some three
gesture was
friendly
ever.
for
Sarkar-i-Ahmadi^ I said to them,
possessed an elephant which
and a
and that such
for
example,
thousand years ago, the ruler of
or four
China had sent a present of a white elephant,

a horse and a female
and
one could
this
slave
still
to
Alexander
read in the pages
Sikandar-namah of Hadrat Nizami.^
of the
Perhaps since then the Emperor of China,

I
added, had never sent such a present to
had been sent to the

Sarkar-i-Ahmadi. Having said that I showed
towards them.
all courtesy and kindness
anyone
until
The
it
agents mentioned above were very
They
brave and experienced.

I
Nizamuddin
Abu Muhammad
the great Sufis
work
is
and poets of
Persia,
also pointed
bin
Ilyas
b.
Yusuf,
1140.
one of
His famous
Khamsa, a collection of five great epic poems, One of
which
is
titutes
the central
Sikandar-Namah.
The romance
theme of
this
poem.
of Alexander cons-
56
out that the
Chinese had never sent a
white elephant to anyone except Alexander
and the Presence.

ing dawned and
In the
I rose.
meantime morn-
Dream
THE TOP OF THE HILL

On
29th
the
month Haidari,
of the
on Thursday, in the early hours of the

morning, on the eve of the Marhatta War,
at Patau, I had a dream: It seemed as
if this servant of God Almighty along with
a few persons on elephants and horseback
had gone for an excursion across the river.
The depth of the water in the river seemed
to be somewhat less than a man's height.
After
for
crossing
the
river
the
men
halted
a while for drying up the clothes.
also got
down from
my
the elephant.
At
this
and an elephant
mine gave certain
indications as if they were going to fight
among themselves. Although the fight had
juncture
elephant
that was standing near
not started as yet,
thought of climbing
a hillock nearby in order

at
safe
distance
from
that
the
might be
elephants.
58
Slowly
walked towards the hillock but

on reaching it I found that there was no path
leading to its top. I said to myself I must
climb it somehow or the other. Since
I
was determined, I proceeded upwards.

But I had gone only a few steps when I
had to retreat. I again made up my mind
and with great effort I ascended the hillock and reached the top. Owing to great
fatigue, I was hardly looking at anything
when I saw a small door in front. I entered
the door and as soon as I went in, a venerI
able old man greeted
me
me with a ''Salam
come near him and
alaik'\
showed
asked
extreme kindness towards me. In front of
to
man
saw a darwesh standing resThe

crossed).
pectfully (with his arms
place was very clean and at great height
and one could see a whole world from
here. I was wondering how unusual was the
the old
occasion and
how
able old man.
At
Place: Patau.
extraordinary the vener-
woke up.
Before the Marhatta War.
this juncture, I
Dream XI
THE BEAR
On
loth of the
the
month designated
Thamari, the year Shata, 1218, from the

of Muhammad,
Nazarabad^
at
while
returning
from Farrukhi^ when
our troops were about to give battle to the
birth
Nizam
Nazarenes/
hattas,
and
and the Mar-
Ali
and, in accordance with the rules
regulations,
was
encamped
at
distance of about a mile from the army,
had a dream
was the night of Thursday, the following day being Thursday, on

which a parade was held. I saw a newly
made fine sword from Nagar* brought
I
New name
2 See
3
note
It
of Mysore.
under
The word used
is
Dream IX.
^'Nasara"
Meant, obviously,
tians.
which
is
the equivalent of Chris-
are the British.
name of a town in the Nagar taluk of Shimoga

Mysore. The town was taken by Haidar Ali
in 1 763 who gave it the name of Haidarnagar and established
It suffered a good deal
in it his principal arsenal and mint.
during the wars fought by Tipu Sultan who, however, strove
Nagar
is
the
district in
hard to restore
its
prosperity.
60
for
me.
my hand
unsheathed
I
it
was praising
and holding
it
it
in
when people
shouted that a bear was coming.
stood
up
and saw a very big bear heading towards

us. As soon as he came near me I struck
him with my sword. With the very first
strike I cut his throat and with the second
his mouth which was cut into pieces and fell
apart. Shortly afterwards came Muhammad
Raza, a bear-leader, whom I had left,
while on the march, to kill bears. I enquired
from him how many bears he had killed.
The bear-leader, mentioned above, replied
that he had killed four while one had
wounded. In the
escaped after being
since morning had
I
woke
up
meantime
already dawned. After taking breakfast
I was to march to a distance of three
miles for military exercises which I did.
While the excursion was on, the bear-leader,
mentioned above, came and informed me
that he had killed two bears and flayed
them while one had escaped înto his den
after receiving a wound.
Dream XII
A MESSAGE FROM THE PROPHET
THROUGH HADRAT
On
the
of the year
the Z'^r
month Haidari,
of the
2 1 St
Busd^
accordance with
in
evaluation,^
ALI
the
fortieth
of the cycle, at the place where
had
year
halted,
on the farther side of the Tungabhadra,^

I had this dream:
It appeared
to
me
as if it was the Day of Judgement when
no one would be interested in anyone

else. At that time a stranger of great strength
and commanding stature with a bright face
1
Corresponding to about
it
the cycle
are
From
the
respectively
fication introduced at
would
also
come
evaluation
Note on
is
40 (<^
the
same
to
Busd seems
later stage.
to
the Calendar
fortieth year of
to the
Dalw and Desa according
ahtath evaluations^
2 Jâr
786.
would appear that the names given
the ahjad
to
and
be a modi-
Busd, according to abtath

2\ {JT
as
30; ^
8).
abtath evaluation, see
Note on the Calendar.

3
river of
Southern India, chief tributary
formed by the twin

the Western Ghats.
rivers
of the
Krishna,
Tunga and Bhadra which run
in
62
and red beard and moustaches came to

me and taking my hand in his, said to me
'Do you know who I am?' I told him I
did not. He then said to me, "I am Murtaza
AH and the Messenger of God has said
and is still repeating it that he would not set
his foot in paradise without you and would
wait for you and enter the paradise with
you." I felt so happy and woke up. God
is all powerful, and the Messenger is the
intercessor. This suffices.
Dream XIII
A WOMAN IN MAN'S DRESS

Prior
to
Marhattas
night
the
at
attack
Shahnur
by
upon the
the
side
of
month KhusBusd, I had a dream:

rawi, of the year
It seemed to me as if a handsome young
man, a stranger, came and sat down near
me. I passed certain remarks in the manner
on the 6th of the
Devgiri,
in
which one might,
talk to a
is
not
course
woman.
my
custom
with
in
a playful mood,
then said to myself: "It

to enter into playful
anyone."
Shortly
dis-
thereafter,
and walking a few paces,

returned to loosen his hair from beneath
his turban, and opening the
fastenings
the youth rose,
of his
I
saw
robe,
it
displayed
bosom,
his
was a woman."
and
immediately
and seated her and said to her:

"Whereas formerly I had only guessed you
were a woman, and I had cut jokes with you.
called
64
It
is
now
definite that
you
man.
My
in the dress of a
come
true."
are a
midst of
In. the
woman
conjecture has
this
conver-
morning dawned, and I woke

up. I conveyed the contents of the dream
to other people and interpreted it thus:
That please God those Marhattas have
put on the clothes of men, but in fact will
sation the
prove to be women. By the favour of
and the
God
on the 8th
aid of His Messenger,
of the month and the year above mentioned,
on the morning of Saturday, I made a surprise attack upon the army of the unbelievers. Advancing with two or three hundred
men, I myself penetrated the camp of the
unbelievers,
crushing them as I went,
as far as the tent of
and they
1
Well known
all
Hari Pant
women.
fled like
Marhatta
Pharkiah,^
general
who
fought
hattas
and
opponents.
the
Nizam and
Tipu
reflected in the
in
which he
Sultan's success
terms of the
conflict
battlefield
peace treaty,
keen on winning over the Marhattas
the
inflicted defeats
on the
to
Tipu
Mar-
against
Sultan in the war which the latter waged against
on
his
was not
since he
was
his side for the
which he envisaged with the English
owing
to the
mihtary preparations and diplomatic moves of Lord Wellesley.
Dream XIV
DESTROYING THE ENEMY

On the 8th of the month Ja'fari, of
the
year Shata, 1218, from the birth of Muhammad, at Patan, the Capital, in the Darya
Bagh, I had a dream: It seemed to me as
if a battle had taken place near a wood
with the Nazarenes and all the army of

the Nazarenes had dispersed and fled, and
by the favour of God the army of the Sarkar-i-
Ahmadi had been
victorious.
The
officer
of the unbelievers, with a few Nazarenes,

retreated into a large house and closed
the door. I asked my people as to what
was to be done. They advised me to break
open the door, in order that the house
might suffer no
w^hich was ornamented
i
said
to
them
that
the house was
damage,
built of bricks and mortar,
and thereand burn down
fore we should set fire
the gate and destroy all the Nazarenes
within with our muskets. At this juncture
and I awoke. By
the morning dawned
the favour of
God
it
shall
thus
happen.
Dream
XV
THE KNIFE
On
the 24th of the
month Wash of
year Dalw^ 121 2 A.H., at Devgiri,
saw a
a dream:
ghttering.
Its
very
knife,
fine
of
fish-
made
handle was
the
had
and
tooth at the edge of which was set a cor-
nehan.
Holding
it
in
my
hand,
praised
and offered it with a sheet of cloth as a

robe of honour to the famous saint of
Mir Mu'inuddin
Bangalore, Suti Sahib.
said that it was an excellent knife and he
would purchase it from Suti Sahib and
it
bind
(to
it
Mir
him a
to
his
And
handkerchief.
Mu'inuddin) that
said
would give
handle of sword made of jasper.
In the meantime
rose.
It
was morning.
Dream XVI
THE FLOWERS
On
month
the 23rd of the
Ja'fari,
on
Thursday, at Hartala on the far side of
Panchanguda,
war with the
while
intending
to
irrehgious Nazarenes,
go
I
to
had
seemed to me as if I was sitting in the ante-chamber and people were

saying that snow and a cold wave were
coming like solidified clouds and people
a dream:
will
It
of the cold wave.
die
would show mercy.

cloud appeared,
When
Inside
I killed it.
saw a
tiger
the
dead.
the cold bringing
went into the inner

chamber there was
On coming outside
running away.
a gun and after a

tiger
God
I also
chamber.
snake.
said
Then
little
got hold of
chase
noticed
clouds approaching and
to fall
shot the
the
same
watched them
standing. It seemed to be raining
with rain seemed
and along
double jasmine
68
flowers of big size
and many other smaller
wild flower buds.
And
to
God who
said,
has favoured
us
"Praise be
with such
and continues to favour

us with them". I was in this state of happiness when I woke up and morning dawned.
beautiful flowers
May God
grant his favours
Dream XYII
THE STRANGE COW

On
the 7th of the
Shadab,
year
Muhammad,
1217,
the
the
of
birth
the Maghrib Prayers,
the
Nayar,^
invoked
God,
''O
upon
attack
Rama
entrenchments of
these
from
the
while encamped at Salam-
abad^ preceding
terms:
month JaTari, of
in
the
after
God
in
hills
the
enemy have
and prayer; convert them
unbelievers of the land of the
forbidden fasting
all
to
Islam, so that the religion
Messenger may
gain in strength."
of
Thy
In the
course of the night, and towards the morn-
had a dream:
ing I
It
appeared to
that after traversing the forests
army of
me
and high
Ahmadi Sarkar had

encamped. On the way and near the place
of encampment I saw a cow with its calf,
hills
the
the
New name of Satyamangalam. See

Rama Nayar was one of the
revolts
against
note under
Dream IV.
organizers of the
Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan.
Malabar
70
in
semblance
its
countenance,
those of a tiger;
of a cow;
its
forelegs
it
like
big
teeth,
its
striped
etc.,
forelegs
were in
slight
looked
were
had no hinder
tiger;
like
like those
legs
at
all;
motion; and
it
was causing injury to the best of its ability.

Having closely examined it, I reached the
camp and directed several persons to
prepare themselves and accompany me.
I said to them: "God willing, on arriving
near this cow which looks like a tiger,
cut it along
I shall with my own hand
with its calf into pieces." Having said that,
I
reviewed
my
household
orders for two grey horses
stud and gave

to
be quickly
At this moment the

morning appeared and I woke up.
At that very moment, the following
irjiterpretation of the dream suggested itself
to my mind: that the Nazarenes of the
hills are like the cow with its calf with
tigers; and by the
the appearance of
favour of God and through the felicity and
aid of the Prophet, the place mentioned will
saddled and brought.
71
be reduced with ease and

gious
motion
mean
Nazarenes
will
be
of the forelegs
that
they would
all
slain.
I
the
irreli-
The
slight
interpreted
to
make an attempt
wage war, and the absence of hinderlegs indicated that no one would afford
them any help and that no Muslim would
receive any injury at their hands. Through
to
the aid of God, be
it so.
Dream XVIII
THE EMERALDS
AND
Dream XIX
THE COLLAPSE OF THE GATE

By
the
grace
of God,
Bahari, of the year Shad,

birth
and
of
in
the
month
1223, from the
Muhammad, between
the
9th
had two dreams:

In the course of the first dream I saw
a horseman coming and handing over
to me a few emeralds of superior quahty
and exquisite colour and unequalled in
size,
15th,
indeed as large as oranges.
upon, said that
we
I,
there-
had no
was all due to
in our State
and it
God's grace that He had bestowed such
emeralds on us. It was dawn, and I woke
emerald of
this size
up.
The
other
dream
is
as follows:
the tower at the gate of the
Around
temple,
the
73
unbelievers
had
tied rods of
wood
at great
heights for the purpose of illumination
and
on them. In a moment
fell and the
gate collapsed. There was such a crash that
all the buildings shook and this servant of
God also came out of the building somewhat disturbed. I asked people to come out
of their houses quickly and enquire about
the people who were residing in the many
houses that were situated so close to the
temple. People went and brought
the
news that the gate had collapsed but the
people living in the neighbourhood were
all safe. In the meantime morning dawned
and I woke up.
had
fixed
lights
the lights went out and the rods
XX
Dream
DREAM XX THE THIEF

:
On
29th of the month Ja'fari, of
the
the year Shad,
Muhammad,
from the birth of
1223,
corresponding
of Muharram, on
to
the
28th
Thursday, early in the
had a dream: It seemed as if

morning,
I had said my morning prayers with a large
congregation after which all of us had remained seated. Sayyid Ali Qazi and Abdur
Rahman Maulvi proposed to the gathering
to have a three-lettered Khatm}y in the same
sitting, for, according to them, there was
I
great virtue attached to
They
proposal.
participate
should
1
It
may be
stated
Karachi that
it.
accepted the
one hundred people
said
in
the
recital.
on the authority of a knowledgeable
great
virtue
ed (^J
^^^^ Khatm
pate.
^'Muiz'* VJ"*'*)
beginning with the
in
is
letter
is
attached
which up
to
the
to 117 persons
I
Sufi of
three-letter-
can
partici-
the three-lettered attribute of God,
M (p) with which the Khatm
starts.
75
expressed
them
my
that
willingness to join but
told
could not remain seated for
long hours and, therefore, a hundred persons
should be chosen excluding myself though
would
They chose
began
the
letter
Khatm commenced
When
'M'.
it.
the
found myself among
the participants. Apart from
who were
with
accordingly and
persons
the
with
myself
associate
also
those persons
taking part in the Khatm,
others
were seated on one side and were taking
When
food.
was going
along with other

culvert, I
came
for
men and had
across a black
Marhatta with an empty tray
my
prayers
crossed the
and
bulky
in his hand.
saw him, I drew out

As soon as
dagger and asked him who he was. He
I
me
that
he
was
Dhonduji's^
my
told
servant
and house-steward and that he had brought

As he entreated
gold and silver for me.
me
to
accept the present and generously
distribute
1
it
to
whomsoever
Dhondu Pant Gokhale, a Marhatta
chief.
liked,
76
asked him
my
to
till
He was
talk to him.
on
wait
had
said,
prayers after which,
conclusion
the
Ghulam
Ali^
thus
of
finished
I
would
when
sitting
the
prayers,
came and submitted
that this
was an intruder who had

I asked him to be careseemed to be a great thief
particular person
entered his house.
man
ful for this
who might run away with

I
his horse.
And
asked the unbeliever to surrender the
had brought to the Sarkar-iKhudadad and I made him understand that

like him many people
if I freed a person
ruined.
would be
In the meantime rain
came in torrents and I woke up.
things
2 Perhaps
he
Ghulam AH Khan
is
meant who was
ambassadors despatched by Tipu Sultan to
Turkey
in
786.
the
one of the
Sultan of
Dream XXI
THE NIZAM'S REPRESENTATIVE

On
25th of the
the
of the year Rasikh,

of
month Rabbani,
1222, from the birth
Muhammad, when
four watches of day
saw that the

Diwan of Nizam Ah Khan had arrived. As
to his appearance, he had no teeth in the
mouth and he had dyed his hair. He was
The servant of God
seeking help from me.
said to him, ''AH right, you settle down!
Let me consult my advisers, after which
you will have my reply." After speaking
to him in this manner, I sent -him outside
the fort for being put up and said to myself
that one should console such people in
conversation.
The Poonaite^
was the
first to seek assistance and now it was the
remained,
turn
had a dream:
of those
people
to
seek
assistance.
But one could not depend on their word.

At this juncture I woke up.
I
Pconawala
is
the term used by which
is
meant the Peshwa.
Dream XXII
THE EXTRAORDINARY IDOLS

On
the 8 th of the
month
on the
Zakiri,
night of Tuesday, the following day being
Wednesday, of the year Hirasat, 1224, from

the
to
birth
the
7th
morning,
Muhammad,
of
of
corresponding
the
the
in
Jamadi'Ul'thani,
had
dream:
following
There seemed to be a big temple, the back

portion of which was slightly damaged.
It
contained several large
idols. I
went into
the temple along with a few other
men
and noticed that the idols were seeing like

human beings and their eyes were in
motion. I was surprised to see the eyes
of the idols moving like those of the living and wondered
what could
Then I approached them.

row there were two female
it
be due
In
idols.
the
to.
last
One
of
these two, drawing out her sari from bet-
wixt
her
two
knees,
stated
that
both
79
women while the rest of

were the images of men and
other objects. She added that they had
of them were
the
idols
been praying to God
for a long time
everyone ought to nourish oneself.

her,
"That
is
fine,
and
I said to
do keep yourself occuHav-
pied with the remembrance of God."
ordered
ing said that
dilapidated
building.
woke up.
my men
to repair the
In the meantime
Dream XXIII
THE MANGO GROVE

On
the
year Hirasat,
2 th
1
of the
month
Ja'fari of the
224, from the birth of Muham-
mad, on Monday, early in the morning,

I had a dream It seemed to me as if this
:
servant of
phant,
God
went
Almighty, riding an
noticed a large
ele-
mango grove and

number of clusters of man-
into
Each mango, a cubit in

was so big in size. Some of the
mangoes were round and these were as
goes on the trees.
length,
large as cocoa-nuts.
I was very pleased to see these mangoes
and plucking many of them from the trees,
I put them in front of me, in the canopied
litter of the elephant.
I was still having
a ride in the grove when I woke up.
Dream XXIV
FRENCH TROOPS
On
the
of
the
year
of the
2 th
Hirasat,
Muhammad, on
the
from
1224,
Bahari, of
birth
the
the night of Thursday,
day
following
month
being
and
Friday,
God
to me
towards the morning, this servant of
had a dream: It was represented

that a Frenchman of standing had arrived.
I sent for him, and he came. When the
Frenchman came, I was absorbed in some
But
business.
I
as
he approached the throne
him and I
asked him to
noticed
him.
quired
after
his
and embraced
take a seat and inrose
The
health.
Christian
then said: 'T have come with ten thousand
Franks to serve the Sarkar-i-Khudadad^ and

I
have disembarked them
They
I,
1
are
well-built,
all
stout
thereupon, said to him,
See note under DreemVII.
on the
shore.
and young."
"That
is
fine.
82
Here too
and the
the equipment for
followers
numbers,
large
this
all
moment
awoke.
to
the
war
is
ready
of Islam are eager,

prosecute
Jihad''
morning came and
in
At
I
Dream
XXV
THE NIZAM'S MINISTER

On
year
the
Hirasat,
Muhammad, on
of
had a dream:
come
come
to
month
14th of the
the
He
me.
1224,
the night of
Saturday,
saw Asad
Ah Khan^
submitted
conquering
after
He
Kuddapah^.
the
offered his
four thousand horsemen,
have him.
the offer but,
indicated
in
of four thousand,
if
my
that he
territory
had
of
services with
only
would
acceptance of
addition to the service

I
asked
for
an yearly
In the meantime morning came
present.
and
Bahari, of
from the birth
awoke.
Asad Ali Khan, a Minister of the Nizam, sent to Tipu Sultan

in 786 to dissuade him from attacking Adoni. Later he led
an army against Tipu Sultan in 1795. Nishan-i-Haidari,
p. 302 and Mackenzie, A Sketch of the War with Tippoo Sultan
Vol.
2
II,
p.
66.
Madras. In the time of Tipu Sultan it was

After 1799 it formed a part of the
Nizam's Dominions for a short while and then , in 1800,
passed into the hands of the East India Company.
district
in
included in his State.
Dream XXVI
THE EXPULSION OF THE ENGLISH

On
month Razi, corresof the month oi Sha'ban^
the 3rd of the
ponding
to the
St
1224, from the birth of
Monday,
night
the
metropoHs,
in
the
Muhammad, on
of Tuesday,
early
the
at
of
hours
the
morning, I had a dream: Raghunath Rao,^

who had been
the
Marhatta agent,
to me before, appeared before me and said,
"The EngHsh have suffered a crushing
defeat in Europe and are now on the verge
of leaving Bengal
voluntarily."
ing his statement,
said,
On
"That
will despatch troops as well as
if
God
wills,
hear-
is
fine,
money;
the Nazarenes shall be expelled
from India."
I
Perhaps meant
is
Raghunath
Rao
Patwardhan
who
numerous occasions had dealings with Tipu Suhan both

a soldier and a diplomat.
on
as
Dream XXVII
THE HAJJ
On
the 29th of the
ponding
to
the
27th
from the birth of

jangor where
month Razi,
corres-
of Sha'bariy
Muhammad,
had gone
1224,
at
for shikar
had ordered the construction of a
Tanand
fort to
be named Ilahabad, early in the morning,
had a dream: It seemed I had gone for

Hajj. When I was entering the sanctuary
of the Ka'bah, a respectable and distinguished gentleman from among the Arabs
came and took me into the Ka'bah and inI
dicated to
I
me how
followed
prayers.
Stone.
his
should
ojfifer
my prayers.
my
instructions in saying
Then he asked me to kiss the Black

The Black Stone was affixed to a big
square towards the lower side of the wall.

I felt
very happy at the time of kissing the
Stone and
did
it
with the greatest reverence.
Inside the sanctuary where there was not
86
much room, there was a box. The gentleman said that the turban which was kept
there had been conferred on me by God
and he asked me to grasp it. He then took
out the turban from the box and handed
it
seized one
end of the turban
he seized the other
and together we
over to me.
and
unfolded
It
and found
it
it
was an exquisite piece of craftsmanhaving a look at
ship. After
the turban with care and
and carried
it
it
in the
box
with me. Then
came
out.
me
that
gentleman told
there was an idol at
ought to
throw
insult
instructions
I
some distance which

at which I ought to
with
accordance
threw
proceeded to
meantime
and
In
stones.
refolded
it,
put
The venerable
I
with gold.
laid
visit
stones
at
it.
certain shrines.
awoke.
his
Then
In the
Dream XXVIII
THE FRESH DATES

At the capital, on the night of Sunday,
the following morning being Monday, the
2nd of the month Zakiri, of the year Saz,
Muhammad,
of
the
3rd
to
corresponding
Jamadi-ul
thaniy I had a dream: It seemed to me as
if three silver trays of fresh dates known
as ratb were brought and placed before me.
The dates were each of the size of a span.
They were fresh and full of juice. It was
reported to me that they had been reared
in the garden. At that moment I awoke
and found it was morning. This servant
of God interpreted the dream as follows:
That by the grace of merciful God the
dominions and homes of all the three Kafirs^
shall fall into his hands. On the 3rd of the
month mentioned above news
Nizam Ali was dead.
I
Among
the three
Kafirs
are
arrived that
obviously included
not only the
and the Marhattas but the Nizam! In the eyes of

Tipu Sultan he who sided with the Kafirs was a Kafir,
British
Dream XXIX
A BATTLE WITH THE ENGLISH

On
the
the 28th of the
year
Saz,
Muhammad,
of
1225,
month
from
the
corresponding
Jamadi'ul'thani,
12 12
to
Zakiri,
of
birth
of
the
26th
A. H., at the
had a dream:
It seemed as if a battle had taken place
between the Sarkar-i-Khudadad^ and the
Nazarenes. This servant of God was standing on a hillock and the troops had similarly taken their position upon it. All of
them were asking for permission to let
off their guns and were saying: 'Tf God the
Most High wills, we shall turn out the
In the meanNazarenes from India".
metropoHs, on Wednesday,
while
woke up.
See note under dream VII
XXX
Dream
IN
THE ASSEMBLY OF SAINTS
On
the 2 1 St of the
month
Zakiri, of the
year Saz, 1225, from the birth of
mad, corresponding
to the
Muham-
gth of Jamadi-
on Saturday, at
the metropohs, I had a dream: It seemed
as if this servant of God had gone to an
assembly of saints where he saw about
12 12
ul'thani,
A. H.,
fifty to sixty saints sitting.
They
me
with
Salam-'alaik.
Shah Sahib^
He
saints.
before him.
gun.
also
called
He
replied:
whoever may
asked
me
''Sir,
among
divine
am
shall
of
soldier;
be the
a gun". In the meantime
contemporary
sat
to get hold of a
up.
the
went and
gun or any other
possess a
arms, these are mine.

to seize
greeted
saw 'AtauUah
sitting
me.
all
Tipu Sultan.
first
woke
Dream XXXI
THE GIFT OF THE TURBANS

On
month Rahmani,
on Friday, the night of Saturday, 1225,
from the birth of Muhammad, in the
the 25th of the
I had a dream:
saw Hadrat Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him,) bestowing on me a green turban and asking me
to bind it on my head. I did it accordingly.
Then Hadrat Bandah-nawaz^
bestowed
a turban and asked me to put it on my head
which I did. Then Hadrat Ahmad^ bestowed a turban and I bound it on my
hours of the morning,

I
On
head.
the top of the mountain there
was an excellent
at
it
when
of the dream
our
Prophet
of the
1
See
It is
note
seven
fort.
was having a look
woke up.
is
that
have
My
conferred
climes
interpretation
God Almighty and

the
empire
upon me.
Dream VIII.
who is meant, may be
under
not clear
it is
Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Thani,
Dream XXXII
THE BRIDGE OF ELEPHANTS

On
the
2th
of the
of the year Shadab,
of
Muhammad, on
month Ahmadi,
the night of Thursday,
had a dream. The troops seemed to be

stationed by the side of the river. This
servant of the High was on horseback.
He saw that the river was in spate and
I
he issued instructions that

should be
in
the
brought
river,
all
the elephants
and made
to
stand
one adjacent to the other,
thus forming a bridge.
He
then asked the
by passing over
the backs of the elephants and under their
The whole army actually
protection.
In the
crossed the river in this manner.
meanwhile I woke up.
troops to cross the river
Dream XXXIII
ALMONDS AND STONES

On
the
St
of the
month
Dini, of the year
Shadab, 1226, from the birth of

mad, on Thursday, when four
Muhamwatches
of the day were yet to go, while in the metro-
had a dream I seemed to be reciting the names of God on almonds among

which I had mixed 'salgram'i stones,
salgram being an object of worship by the
unbelievers. My motive in doing so was
that like their idols who were embracing
Islam, the unbelievers also would enter
poHs,
the
fold
of
Islam.
On
concluding
my
recitation, I stated that all the idols of the
had
unbelievers
I
ordered the
replaced
I
senting Vishnu
curse. It
and Gandak.
My
rounded by the
who
is
and
Islam
stones to be picked out
by almonds.
small flinty stone
by a
embraced
is
and
interpretation
action
of water
said to have been turned to
found in the beds of the
rivers
repre-
stone
Narbada
93
by the grace of God all unbelievers

would embrace Islam and the country
would pass into the hands of the Sarkar-iis
that
Khudadad.
Dream XXXIV
SHAIKH
On
month Khusrawi, on
the 13th of the
Monday,
of
OF SHIRAZ
SA^DI
in the year 1226,
Muhammad,
from the birth
nth
corresponding to the
of Jamadi-uUawwaU
on
12 13 A. H.,
the
the moon, the follow-
fourteenth night of
ing day being Tuesday, in the early hours
of the morning,
Hadrat Sa'di
had a dream:
The
Shirazi.^
of the aforesaid
saw
appearance
was somewhat
like
this:
he was big-bodied with a large head and a

long and white beard.
offered
him a
seat.
He seemed
pleased. I enquired from

tries
1
he had
Shaikh
visited.
Muslihuddin
most
Sa^di
respectfully
to
be very
him what coun-
"Hindustan,^
Arcot,^
of Shiraz; famous Persian
poet
writer; b. 1184; the date of his death is uncertain but

he is said to have lived for about 100 years. His best
known works are Gulistan and Bustan. In poetry he is sup-
and
posed to be the master of ghazal.

Northern India.
At present an inland district on the eastern side of the State
of Madras. In Muslim times there was a Sub ah of Arcot.
95
the
the
country
country
Konkon"^
was
and
Kalopant^
of
Then he
reply.
his
couplets
and
going round the palace he took a
seat.
recited
after
Abdun Nabi Khan,'
of
several
and
verses
In the meantime
woke up,
the
since
morning had already dawned.
Abdun Nabi Khan had

self
carved
sometime during the
century centring in the
his
sway.
all
of
him-
the eighteenth
He
Kuddapah.
brought
Salem and Goimbatore under
Abdun Nabi Khan
was the
Kalopant
principality for
quarter
district of
certain adjacent areas such as
out a
first
died
about
730.
powerful Minister of Venkat Rao, and
as such, the real ruler of
Nargund, a petty
state,
annexed by Tipu Sultan in 1785. Nargund
is,
which was
at present,
a taluka in the Dharawar District of Bombay.

3
Konkan
is
the
name
applied to the tract of country below
the Western Ghats including
Bombay and
Thana, Kolaba, Ratanagiri and the

as well as the islands of Janjira,
the district of
coast strip of
Goa,
etc.
Kanara,
Dream
XXXV
MAULANA JAMI
AND
Dream XXXVI
THE PLANTAIN FRUITS

On
the 24th of the
month Taqi, of
the
year Shadab, on Friday, in the afternoon,
had a dream: It seemed

as if this servant of God had gone into a
garden in which there were several buildings.
The people told me that Maulana Jami^
was staying there. I went to the Maulana
and expressed my pleasure at his arrival.
The Maulana said to me. 'T have come
to meet you". I again repeated how nice
and appropriate it was that he had come,
at
Haidarabad,
Maulana Nuruddin
Abdur
Rahman Jami;
great
Persian
poet, often described as the last classic poet of Persia; b. 1414

in the district of
greatly influenced
Muhammad
Jam
in
the
Province of Herat;
by mystic thought; a
disciple
Kashghari, himself a disciple and
the famous sufi saint,
Bahauddin Naqshband,
d.
1492;
of Saduddin
successor
of
97
and added, "In old times lived Maulana

Sa'adi, and in our own God Almighty had
produced Maulana Jami and sent him to us.
I shall seek his blessings". Having said
that I took the
Maulana with me
to
my
residence.
That very night in the early hours of

had another dream A young
and beautiful woman, putting on costly
jewellery and clothes, came to me. She
was carrying three big ripe plantain fruits
of the size of large cucumbers. She handed
over the fruits to this servant of God,
and I said, I had never seen such plantain
fruit. I ate one of them and found it extremely sweet and delicious. In the meanwhile I woke up.
the morning I
Dream XXXVII
THE ARMIES OF THE UNBELIEVERS

On
loth of the
the
month Rahmani,
of the year Shadab, 1226, from the birth

of
Muhammad,
corresponding to the gth
month of Shaban,
of the
12 13 A. H.,
on
the night of Wednesday, the following day
being
polis,
Wednesday, while at the metroI had a dream. I saw

one of the
armies of the
and
taken
Sarkar-i'Khudadad.
had
vers
on
also
behalf
me
informing
army of
and
expressed
the
killed
of the
that
said
of another
reached
arrival
being
unbelievers
prisoner
me
news
of
the
the unbelie-
feeling
that
it
ought to be similarly destroyed. I started

accordingly in order to accomplish this
mission.
it
In
the
was morning.
meanwhile
woke up;
99
SAYYID MUHAMMAD
ASLAM'S DREAM
Sayyid Muhammad Aslam, a
residing at Kolar^
memorandum
sent a
to the Prince saying that in the
the day
Rajab-al'Murajjab,
divine
month of
being Thurs-
day, he had received the following tidings

the course of
(in
was
world^
of the
a dream)
Suddenly
Hadrat
mallah-u-Wajhu^
Hadrat
seized
outside,
horse.
Shah
arm,
All's
to
red
attendance.
Murtaza
arrived.
and asked him
The
in
also
The Imam
on
sitting
The faqir^ was
floor.
KaraThe Prophet
brought him
mount
a piebald
Prophet himself rode another
one and fixed a naked sword on
his shoul-
Thus the two departed. They had

gone some distance when they saw hundreds
of thousands of Nazarenes armed with
der.
guns.
Suddenly there was a loud thunder
The
Sayyid
Hadrat Ah.
district in the east
Prophet
of
of the State of Mysore.
Islam.
Muhammad Aslam
himself.
100
from behind and
the Nazarenes took to
After covering about two miles
their heels.
I
all
saw the party returning towards the metro-
polis
highly
pleased.
Here
They stopped
at
Messanger of
God, on whom be peace, was sitting on a
prayer carpet and near him was a boy
another
place.
five to six years old.
the
Many
row
gions were present in a
while
reli-
like followers
prayer.
In
Hadrat Murtaza Ali
said
congregational
in
leaders of
mean(to the Mesthe
senger of Allah) pointing to the boy, that he
was the Sultan. The Hadrat, thereupon, uttered the words ''Daimun, Qaimun''
*'
and
Qaimun, Daimun "^ Hadrat Ali,
asked the names of the
Comthen
(the boy)
panions
on
his
of
the
Cave^
to
be
inscribed
(the Sultan's) standard. After
ing an obeisance, I went out and saw
mak-
all
the
seven Khwajas, clad in shreds and patches

1
Literally
It
may
tuation
^
the
words stand
for
"durable
and
perpetual".
be taken as a prayer for the durability and

of
A shab-i-Kahf
Tipu
or the
Sultan's
perpe-
regime.
Companions of the Cave whose
related in the eighteenth chapter of the
history
Holy Quran.
is
101
Somone asked
going.
who
this
servant as
to
were and he repHed

that these were: Khawajah Yusuf HamBayazid
Bastami,^
dani\ Khawajah
these dignitaries
Kharqani^,
Khwajah Abul Hasan
Khwajah Bahauddin Naqshband^
and
Mansur Maturidi.^ The
Khwajah Abu
made an
Shahinshah^ came. All then
obeisance and
1
left.
bin Ayyub Hamdani;

b.
1048; d. 1140
Marw; disciple of Shaikh Abu Ali Farindi
Shaikh Abu Ishaq Shirazi. Used to meet Hadrat
Yusuf
Khawaja
A.C., buried at
and
Ghauth-i-Azam frequently
at
Baghdad.
Bayazid Bastami's real name was Abu Yazid Taifur bin

Isa bin Surushan; a famous Sufi saint who died in 875 or
878 A.C., buried at Bastam, a town in the Persian province
of Khorasan.
Shaikh Abul Hasan Kharqani; a great Sufi; his real name

was Ali; his Kwmiyat was Abul Hasan; contemporary of
Bayazid Bastami; there is a long discourse on him by Shaikh
Fariduddin Attar in his Tadhkiratul Awliya translated by R.A.
Muhammad
Nicholson,
band,
b.
5
6.
1907.
bin Muhammad Bahauddin al-Bukhari

founder of the Naqshbandi
order
of
1317;
d.
NashqSufiism,
1389.
Abu Mansur
Maturidi, the head of the Maturidi school of

Muslim theology which is orthodox and Sunnite; contemporary of Ashari, the founder of another orthodox school;
defended orthodox Islam by the same weapons of logical
argument with which the Mutazalites attacked it; died in
Samarqand in 944 A.C.

The '*King of Kings," i.e. the Prophet
of Islam.
INDEX
Abdun Nabi Khan, 95.
Abdur Rahman Maulvi,
Bandanawaz
74.
(Gesu-daraz,)
49> 50, 51, 91.
Abjadf 21 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 285
Basalat Jang, 47.
Abtath, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,

61.
Bayazid Bastami, Khwajah, loi

Beatson,
Abu
Maturidi,
Mansur
Khwajah, loi.
Abul Hasan Kharqani, Khwajah,
lOI.
A,
8n,
Bibliotheque Nationale,
Royale,
Bibliotheque
Ahmad, Hadrat,
Black
90.
Stone,
Bombay, 95 n.
Ahmadi
Sarkar
Ahmadi)
British,
the,
Bustan,
94n.
Sarkar-i-
7.
7.
85.
Ahmad Shah Bahmani, 49n

(see
9n.
Bengal, 84.
(See English, the)
Al-Aziz, the Fatimid, 19.

Calicut, 52n.
Alexander, 55, 56.

Cambrid,ê History
Ali,
Hadrat,
Ali
Raza Khan,
12, 61, 62, 99, 100.
48.
War,
Anglo- Mysore
I I.
and Tribes
India i 4 in.
Castes
3 7n
of India,
of
Arabs, the, 85.
China, 52, 53, 54, 55.
Arcot, 37n, 94.
Chinese, the, 56.
Ali
Khan,
Ashab-i'Kahf,
Companions of the Cave,
83.
100
Darya Bagh,
AtauUah Shah, 58
100.
65.
Delhi, 39, 40.
at-Tai, 19.
Bahauddin
Southern
Coimbatore, 4 in, 95n.
Arkad, 45n.
Asad
vol
49n.
Devgiri, 63, 66.
Naqshband,
lOI.
Bahawalpur, 45,
96n,
Dhonduji (Dhondu Pant
Go-
khale,) 75.
East India
Company,
8,
83n.
104
English, the, (see also
the
Na-
zararenes) 6411, 84, 88.
Ernad,
Ethe,
India, 19, 84, 88.
India Office Library,
7, 8.
5211.
Hugh,
Inglis,
Herman,
8.
9.
7,
Islahet-teqvim,
19.
Europe, 84, 84.
Islam, 39, 47n, 92, 93.
Farrukhi,
52.
dum,
Firuz Shah Bahmani, 49n.

Franks, the, 81.
Frenchman,
the,
81.
Gandak, 92n.
Ghaffar, Sayyid, 37.
Ghulam AH Khan,
Jalaluddin Husaini, 49n.
Jihad,
96,
97.
95n.
82.
Junaid, Sayyid, 37.
Ka'bah, 50, 85.

76.
Goa, 95n.
Gulbarga, 49n.
Kalopant, 95.
Kanara, 95n.
Kaveri, 38.
Gulistan, g^-n.
Haidar
45.
Jam, 96n.
Jami, Maulana,
Janjira,
Gesu-daraz, (see Bandanawaz)
HabibuUah,
Makli-
Jahanian Jahan-gasht,
Ferokh, 52n.
Khamsa, 55n.
8.
7,
Ali, 36n, 59n, 69n.
Khan, M.H., 49n.
Khayyam, Umar,
Haidar Sahib,
36.
Kirkpatrick,
Haidarabad,
96.
Kolaba, 95n.
Haidarnagar, 59n.
Konkan,
Hajj, 85.
Krishna,
Hartala, 67.
Kuddapah,
Herat, gGn.
19.
W.,
7,
8,
41 n.
95.
the,
61.
83,
Lashkar-i-Ahmadiy
95n.
47n.
Hijrat, 18, 20.
Hindustan, 94.
Hisab-i'Zary 21, 61.
History of Tipu Sultan, 49n.
Ilahabad, 85.
Mackenzie, 83n.
Madher Kerah,
41.
Madinah-i-Munawvvarah,
(See Medina),
Madras, 4on. 4n, 52n, 83n, 94n
105
Mahmud Banglori, 4111.
Makhdum Jahanian Jahangasht,
Ottoman Government,
45.
Malabar,
4111, 6911.
Panchanguda,
Malik Shah, the Seljuq,

Marhattas, the,
19.
13, 35, 57j
Medina,
19.
67.
Patan, (See Seringapatam.)

5î
59. 63, 64, 75, 84.
Mecca,
Nizami, 55.
Northern India, (See Hindustan)
Persia, 96n.
Peshwa,
18.
the, 77.
Pharkiah, Hari Pant, 64.
18,
Metropolis,
50.
Poonaite,
(See
the,
gapatam)
Quran,
Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Thani,
Muhammad
9011.
the Prophet,
12,
20, 31,41.4749,52,61,62,
64, 65, 69, 70, 72, 74, 77,
78, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87,
88, 90, 94, 99, 100, 10 1.
Muhammad
Raza, 60.
Muinuddin, Mir,
Nargund,
9511.
Rama
84.
Nayar, 41, 69.
Ratnagiri, 95n.
Sa'di of Shiraz, 94, 97.
Sa'duddin
Muhammad
Kash-
Bahauddin
52,
Salem, 45n, 46, 95n.
Salgram, 92.
Saltanat-i'Khudadad, 4 in,
76, 81, 88, 93, 98.
47n,
Nayars, 4 in.
Sarkar-i-Ahmadiy 47, 55, 65.
Nazarabad,
Sarkar-i'Haidari,
59.
Nazarenes, 59, 65, 67, 70, 71,

84, 88, 99.
47n.
Sarkar-i-Khudadad,
(Sec
tanat'i-Khudadad.)
Sal-
Sarwerayan, 45n.
Nishan-i-Haidari, 37n, 83n.
Nizam,
the, 13, 39n, 47, 48, 59,

64n, 77, 83, 87.
Nizam's Dominions,
48.
39, 40,
Salamabad, 41, 47, 49,
Nagar, 59, 60.
the, 92n.
Raghunath Rao,
Sahifa-i-Tipu Sultan, 4 in.
Mysore, 59n.
Narbada,
10, 50, 51.
Qutbuddin Khan,
ghari, 96n.
66.
Naqshband, (See
Naqshband.)
Peshwa.)
(See
Serin-
the, 83n.
Satyamangalam,
4 in,
69n.
Sayyid Ali Qazi, 74.
Sayyid
45".
Jalaluddin
Bukhari,
106
Sayyid
Muhammad,
Sayyid
Muhammad
H,
Select
7,
4911.
Aslam,
Thurston,
Tipoo
of
Svitan,
14, 37,n, 3811,
7,
17,
20,
45n, 47n, 48n,

59n, 64n, 69n,
84n, 88n, 100.
4in.
Seringapatam
7, 8, 9. 11, 13, 14,
21, 26 29, 31,

33, 35, 36n, 37^, S^n, 39^,
15,
99Letters
4 in.
Tipu Suhan,
49n,
76n,
52n,
83n,
43, 57, 58, 65, 88, 92.
Tungabhadra,
Shahidpur, 38.
Shahnur, 63.
Shamsabad,
61.
Uchh, 45n.
35.
Umar Khayyam,
19.
Shimoga, 59.
Venkat Rao 95n.
Sikandarnamahy 55.
Vishnu, 92n.
Sindhia, 39.
Sketch
of
Sultaurif
the
War
A,
with Tipp09
Sultan of Turkey, the,

Suti Sahib, 66.
Thana,
Wellesley, Marquis, 8, 64n.
8311.
West Pakistan, 45n.

7611.
Western Ghats, 6 in, 95n.
Yusuf Hamdani, Khwajah,

9511.
Times Press, Sadar, Karachi.
loi,
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Dreams of Tipu Sultan

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Dreams of Tipu Sultan

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10

In a few places the language is defective

contains spelling mis-

exhaustive will give

j^^Ju for j^jj^

^J[y^ji> for ^x^U^^

<^l^k (Dream 21)

-r^]^ (In the last note)

And last but not least

(In the last note)

(which occurs twice

Court historians have

mastery of the Persian language has been

but they have

views of the court historians,

accepted their contention with regard to

should also be a master

of some language or other which, in any

Tipu Sultan was not. From the age

that he could not receive systematic edu-

a word about the contents of the

recorded the majority are concerned with

Pakistan Historical Society Publications No.

THE DREAMS OF TIPU SULTAN

Translated from the original Persian

with an Introduction and Notes

Note on Tipu Sultan's Calendar

Tipu Sultan's Preface

The Pitchers of Milk

King on the Throne of Delhi 39

Message from the Prophet through

Collapse of the Gate

The Mango Grove

Battle with the English

In the Assembly of Saints

The Gift of the Turbans

XXXIII: Almonds and

Shaikh Sa'adi of Shiraz

XXXVII; The Armies of the

was procured from

Curiel, Director of Archae-

copy of this manuscript

ful for permitting

Mr, ^akariyya Mail of the

Pakistan Historical Society and

Digitized by the Internet Archive

with funding from

very valuable and interesting manuscript

Tipu Sultan's dreams in his

randa in the Sultan's

palace was subjected

Tipu Sultan was

India Office, Vol.

Nationale of Paris has a copy

original manuscript in the I ndia Office as well as of

then called. See the Catalogue of the Bibliotheque

said to be present at the

from the palace, which

but Tipu Sultan had so successfully

had never before seen

Tipu Sultan was

have always manifested peculiar

approach while he was either

termed, was presented in