NBG (Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement)

Know When to Test

I am a systems engineer that has spent more than 12 years developing patented non-invasive
blood glucose monitor (NBG) technology. Why draw blood and place it on a strip if you’re
blood glucose level is not trending high or low? I believe a temperature difference measured at
two points on your ear can be used to check your blood glucose trend and tell you when you
need to test. Type I diabetics could save $1000 per year and reduce pain from finger sticks. Type
II diabetics would have a new tool to manage their blood glucose levels. Data from this device
could be sent by Bluetooth to your cell phone or computer where the results would be displayed.

Why Test
People can eat the same quantity of carbohydrates per unit body mass and have very different
glucose levels (figure 1). When I tested today’s meters, I have found errors as high as 29%. My
new technology is based on temperature measurement as shown in figures 3-6. I used an infrared
camera that cost $100,000 and accurately measured temperature response to glucose in people’s
hands and ears. The temperature changed in both areas but the ear had more change per unit
glucose change.

Blood Glucose Levels

450

400

350
Blood Glucose (mg/dl)

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Time Since Meal

Non Diabetic Non Diabetic L Non Diabetic H Type I Diabetic Type I Diabetic L
Type I Diabetic H Type II Diabetic Type II Diabetic L Type II Diabetic H

Figure 1 Blood Glucose response after eating (Time T=0)

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 NBG (Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement)

Technology behind NBG Invention

Figure 2 Brain converts a high percentage of the glucose in the blood producing heat

The main function of the brain’s hypothalamus is homeostasis, or maintaining the body's status
quo. Factors such as blood pressure, body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, and body
weight are held to a precise value called the set-point. Although this set-point can migrate over
time, from day to day it is remarkably fixed. To achieve this task, the hypothalamus must receive
inputs about the state of the body, and must be able to initiate compensatory changes if anything
drifts out of whack. Indirectly or directly the hypothalamus can control every endocrine gland in
the body, and alter blood pressure and blood flow (through vasopressin and vasoconstriction),
body temperature, metabolism (through TSH), and adrenaline levels (through ACTH). I found
only three people in 1 million have a rate of blood glucose change greater than 5mg/dl per
minute). NBG measures the temperature difference four times per minute and then can display
this rate of change in chart or tabular form. For a fee this data can also be sent via the Internet to
LWI & Associates, Inc. for review and transmission of “Desktop” (computer) alerts to tell
diabetics and others (parents of young diabetics for example) that a test is required. Prototypes of
the final product configuration are being built now. Figures 3-6 show how the ear temperature
increases (more red in the pictures) as more heat comes to the ear from the blood leaving the
brain.

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 NBG (Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement)

TVS 8500 IR Camera

Camera Specifications
Range Accuracy Resolution
-40C to 200C 2C .020C
10C to 50C .5C .010C

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 NBG (Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement)

LWI & Associates, Inc. developed NBG using already approved medical devices (Thermistors) calibrated
to +/- .010 Kelvin (K) roughly half the temperature change for a 1mg/dl change in blood glucose. NBG is
more accurate than the finger stick method that has been reported to produce clinically acceptable results
for 95% of its measurements. In a six hour trial, NBG produced clinically acceptable results 85% of the
time. The response time for this system is approximately 15 seconds. Remember that clinical tests of
normal individuals indicate the rate of change ranges from 1.57 mg/dl per minute to 5 mg/dl per minute.
As mentioned earlier the system can make four measurements per minute. Data is transmitted from the
measurement unit to other devices using Bluetooth to transmit to cell phones and WiFi to transmit to LWI
& Associates, Inc.

Physics behind the Invention

Accurate Determination of Blood Glucose level… Tragus Temperature
– Anthelix Temperature

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LWI & Associates, Inc. wrote the equations for the evaluation of blood glucose and then verified these
results. Equations are shown below followed by a chart showing how temperature difference changes
with blood glucose level. The temperature changes approximately 24 degrees per 100 mg/dl change in
blood glucose level. Note the temperature difference is greatest when the ear is cool (low blood glucose
level and smallest when the blood glucose level is highest.

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