Anda di halaman 1dari 1

Table of Contents

page

Theory of Flow in Pipe


..

1-2

Physical Properties of Flulds


Viscosity .
Density: ..................... .
Specific volume ..
Specific gravity ...... .
n

l~l

. 12

1-3
.... 1~3
...... 1~3

........ ..

Nature of Flow in Pipe


Laminar and Turbulent
........................ 1-4
Mean velocity offlO\v ......... ., ... , .............
1 "--4
Reynolds nu;"ber
........... 1 ~4
Hydraulic radius..
..." .............. ,..
..... 1--4
<

Flow of Fluids
Through Valves and Fittings
.. ....... -'-

Introduction.
Types of Valves and Fittings
Used in Pipe Systems.
Pressure Drop Chargeable
to Valves and Fittings .......... .
Crane Flow Tests
Description of apparatus used
Water now tests ........... ,__
Steam flow tests

...................... 2--3
...................... 2-4
.. _.................. 2--5

General Energy Equation Bernoulli's Theorem .......... .

Rela tionshlp of Pressure Drop


to Velocity of Flow ..... , ...................... ,,,.,, .......... 2-7

Measurement of Pressure ............................. ", ....... 1-5

Resistance Coefficient K, Equivalent Length


LID, and Flow Coefficient ...................... _._ ......... 2-8

Darcy's Formula --,


General Equation for Flow of Fluids .................... I ~6
Frktlon factor ...... .
. ........ , 1--6
Effect of age and use on pipe friction ............... 1 7
Principles of Compressible Flow in Pipe ........ ., ...... 1-7
Complete isotherma1 equation
......... 1-8
Simplified compressible flow .gas pipe line formula
........ ]-8
Other commonly used formulas for
compressible now in long pipe lines ............ 1-8
Comparison of formulas for
compressible flow in pipe lines .. "" ....... "" ... 1--8
Limiting flow of gases and vapors...
...... 1-9
..... 1 10

Steam - General Discussion ........

- - - - - - CHAPTER 3 - - - - - - - . . . ,

Formulas and Nomographs for Flow


Through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe

Contraction and Enlargement


Valves with Reduced Seats

... 2--12

2-12

Resistance of Bends.
Resistance of Mitre Bends
Flo\v Through Nozzles and Orifices
General data .............. ......
Liquid Flow ............................. , ....................
Gas and vapor flow .......................... "..
.... ,
Maximum flow of compressible
fluids in a nozzle .....
..............
. ......
Flow through short tubes
.......

2-- 15

Discharge of Fluids Through


Valves, Fittings, and Pipe
I,;quid flow....... .................. . . .....
Compressible flow ." .......................... ".<...

2-15
2--15

0<

2---14
14

2~

2-14
2--- i 5

CHAPTER 4 - - - - - - -

P"f C

Introduction .....

.. 2-] 1

Laminar Flow Conditions ..

Examples of Flow Problems


... 3-2 to 3-5

Summary of Formulas
Formulas and Nomographs
for Liquid Flow
Velocity.
Reynolds number; friction fae-tor for
clean steel pipe ..
Pressure drop for turbulent flmv
Pressure drop for laminar flmv
Flow through nozzles and orifices.
<

'

Introduction,
............. ,............... 4-1
Revnolds Number .and Friction Factor for
Pipe Other than Steel................ .. ................. 4 ~"1
Determination ofVJlve Resistance in L,

L/D. K, and Flmv Coefficient Cv


... 3--8
....... 3] 0
3--12
3 --14

Check Valves --- Determination of Size .


Reduced Port Valves -of Discharge ,.. ,
Laminar Flow in Valves.

Formulas 2nd Nomogr3phs


for Compressible Flow
Velocity
Reynolds number; friction factor for
clean steel pipe ..
Pressure drop ..
Simplified now formub. .
Flo~ Ihrough nozzles and orinces ..

and pjpe ..

PreSSUIe Drop and VelociTY iJl. Piping Systen,s ...


Pipe Line Fimv Probierns .
~18

4--

Discharge of Fluids from


Flov:
Applic2ticn of
to rImv Proble-Tns

..

4--'~

Anda mungkin juga menyukai